New Orleans Jazz umlando, abadlali. omculo we-jazz

1917 emhlabeni kwakushintsha futhi wabahlulela ngezinga elingakanani mlando. Lapho Russian Empire, yena wabhekana nezenzakalo wamavukelambuso eFrance uFeliksi Félix d'Herelle kwasivulela bacteriophage, futhi e-New York i-wamavukelambuso jazz albhamu yokuqala lwalotshwa studio okuqoshiwe Victor. Kwakuyisikhathi jazz New Orleans, nakuba nabadlali abangu abaculi white, ngubani kusukela ebuntwaneni ngizwile futhi inkanuko walithanda "umculo omnyama". ipuleti yabo Original Dixieland Jazz Band maduze ukusakaza zokudlela ehlonishwayo futhi kuyabiza. Ngamafuphi nje, i-New Orleans Jazz, ukhululeka amakilasi aphansi, wathandwa umphakathi eliphezulu futhi kancane kancane waqala kubhekwe labasetulu umculo. Nokho, kubhekwa njengoba enjalo kuze kube namuhla.

Kuyini jazz?

Kwamiswa Lolu uhlobo zomculo esekelwe amashuni yezigqila abamnyama zathathwa ngenkani uyiswa Americas ukukhonza Abatshali emhlophe. Ngakho-ke, isikhathi eside-jazz kwakubhekwa njengesenzo uhlanga bakhiphe elezinga eliphansi. Ngisho ngemva kokuba yatha- emphakathini ezimhlophe American, eJalimane lobuNazi, isibonelo, kwakungavunyelwe ngoba lalibhekwa umqhubi Negro-Jewish cacophony Dissonant. Ngo-USSR, kwenze nokuba uvinjelwe isikhathi eside, kusukela "phezulu" babekholelwa ukuthi umlweli ngoba indlela wobunxiwankulu zokuphila, kanye ejenti-umqhubi nababusi balo.

Izici

jazz Traditional kungaba ngendlela efanele ubizwe umculo wamavukelambuso, ngoba lesi sitayela iyona "iqhawe" uhlobo lwayo. Alukho uhlobo zomculo is akubone ngendlela kwetinhlavu izithiyo eziningi futhi izithiyo. Jazz abadlali babe kuyimpi engapheli ilungelo khona indawo yabo phansi kwelanga. Ngokokuqala ngqá, babengakwazi ukuvela phambi ababukeli, awaniketi zemicimbi ngaphezulu nasezinkundleni zezemidlalo. Nokho, lena enye, kanye nezinzuzo mhlawumbe nangaphezulu. Phakathi abalandeli yalesi umculo akuyona abantu okungahleliwe. abalandeli kweqiniso awamukela jazz njengoba indlela yokucabanga nangokuphila sekukonke. Jazz - i Improvisation, kuba inkululeko! Man abanombono elinganiselwe, ukukhulelwa izinga lempilo ongayiqondi yini New Orleans Jazz. Ikakhulukazi amanga akhe lokuthi ukuthi unakho izithameli ethize. Ihlala abantu elikhanyayo, ehlakaniphile futhi kucebile ngokomoya, abakwazisayo izinga nencazelo umculo.

New Orleans Jazz umlando

Lesi sitayela zomculo wazalwa eslphambanweni nekhulu le-19 nelesi-20 leminyaka, ngenxa nokuhlanganiswa Afrika nomculo European. Izigqila ezalethwa ukuba aseMelika e-Afrika, abapristi, izithunywa zevangeli ebuKristwini, wazifundisa ukucula amaculo. Labo miksirovali kubo nezingoma zawo zenkolo "spirituals". Kulesi cocktail zomculo ukuthi khona nasemhlanganweni blues Motifs olwalutholakala zonke izingxenye ze-Nguqulo Yezwe. Ngaphezu sihambisana izigubhu nomoya zinsimbi zasetshenziswa futhi ngokurhaba inkositini. Umculo kancane kancane wathandwa enduduzo abaculi white laseNew Orleans, futhi ngenxa yakho konke lokhu, njengoba sekuphawuliwe kakade, uma irekhodi lokuqala gramophone ngomculo ngo-jazz isitayela senziwe 1917.

jazz Ubudala

Le nkathi emlandweni umculo abizwa eminyakeni yekhulu lama-20 20. Ngisho nabalobi kwalesi sikhathi thina manje bizelani kimi abalobi in isitayela "New Orleans Jazz". Futhi F. kuyiqiniso ikakhulu Skott Fittsdzherald. Noma kunjalo, kulesi sikhathi, inhloko-dolobha jazz awuzange kubhekwe New Orleans futhi Kansas City. Kukhona isitayela umculo ukusakaza ngesivinini Amazing, futhi lokhu kwaba nesandla zokudla eminingi nezindawo zokudlela ezinhle, lapho jazz kukhala kusihlwa. Kwenzeka isimanga ukuthi abafundi bakhe baye baba nezigilamkhuba main futhi Mafiosi, esasithanda ukuchitha kusihlwa e zokudlela. Abaningi babo baqala ukuvela esigabeni nomgodi-orchestra kulo elibamba jazz band, ehlanganisa keyboardist, sikhulumi, abaculi umoya futhi vocalists. Basuke ingxenye enkulu kudlalwa nje ukudangala kwesikhashana, hhayi kuphela kancane, zakudala, kodwa futhi ngokushesha. Khona abaningi abaculi banquma ukuzama inhlanhla yabo futhi baye bathuthela emadolobheni amakhulu - Chicago naseNew York. Kwakukhona izindawo zokudlela kanye nokuningi, futhi izilaleli kakhulu.

New Orleans Jazz Abaculi

Ngahlala Kansas black umfana okuthiwa Charlie Parker. Ngezikhathi zakusihlwa, wayekuthanda ukuhamba amafasitela evuliwe lokuphekiwe kanye okulula imigoqo kanye walalela umculo ephuma kubo. Wabe ikhwelo izinsuku ukuphela ngaphansi umoya wakhe futhi bahlabelela izingoma abawuthandayo. Eminyakeni eminingi kamuva, waba wezinguquko umculo jazz isitayela. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, ogwini olusempumalanga kwakukhona abaculi omkhulu omnyama - trumpeter, keyboardist futhi vocalist. Igama lakhe kwakungu-Armstrong ngezikhathi zakhe. Yayinendodakazi izwi ngamazwi engavamile, ngaphezu kwalokho, yena ngokwakhe ephelezelwa. Yena njalo babuka phakathi Chicago futhi eNew York, futhi ibhekwa ngokwakhe njengeNdodana ngundlalifa omkhulu umculi trumpeter kusukela New Orleans King Oliver. Ngokushesha, "Big Apple" kwafika nomunye iwumthombo jazz uhlobo - Jelly Roll Morton. Wayeyihlobanisa abadlale upiyano futhi kwadingeka vocals emangalisayo. On wonke amaphosta ayifunayo ukuthi yabhalwa ukuthi kuyinto umsunguli we-jazz. Abaningi bacabanga kanjalo. Okwamanje, i-orchestra emangalisayo yasungulwa ngo-New York, Fletcher Henderson. Ngemva kwalokhu sesakhiwe nabanye, ababezijabulisa kungekho ezingadumile kakhulu. ikhanda lawo bekungelegolide wopiyano abasha Duke Ellington. Wambiza ngokuthi yakhe orkerstr big band.

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Esikhathini namathathu banesifo esibi, New Orleans Jazz ngilunge ku lomculo elisha isitayela - jika. Waqala ukwenza big band, phakathi okuyinto kwaphawuleka kwaba ngeqembu labadlali bezinsimbi zomculo Duke Ellintona. Lokhu Ensemble zomculo eyakhiwa abaculi virtuoso - amakhosi Improvisation. ekhonsathini ngalinye wayengafani esilandelayo. Ayemaningi nzima isikolo zomculo, roll, imishwana Rhythmic, ukuphindaphinda, njll Ngo-orchestra kukhona post entsha - i arranger, owabhala okhestra ukuthi kwaba isihluthulelo impumelelo band enkulu. Nanobe kunjalo kugcizelela main namanje ubekwe improviser, okungase kube umdlali ikhibhodi saxophonist futhi trumpeter. Into nje engaba ukusigcina inombolo esicacile "izikwele". Ukwakheka-orchestra Duke Ellington lalihlanganisa abaculi ezifana Babber Miley, Kuti Uilyams, Rex Stewart, Ben Webster clarinetist Barney Bigard, nabanye. Nokho, "iningi jika emhlabeni," engxenyeni isigqi kuyinto wopiyano Basie wesigubhu Dzho Dzhouns, bassist Walter khasi guitarist Freddie Green.

Lo mkhuba "Crystal Sound"

Ekwenzeni ngonyaka 40 th phakathi bomculo ku isitayela jazz kwaduma Glenn Miller Orchestra. Ochwepheshe ngokushesha waqaphela ezinye izinto ezihlukanisa lokhu band enkulu kulaba abanye. Imisebenzi yakhe yeswa ezinye ejwayelekile "crystal umsindo", futhi waba nomuzwa wokuthi i-orchestra Liyindawo ilungiselelo yimpumelelo. Nokho, umculo wabo ayisekho ukuzizwa isigqi New Orleans Jazz. Kwaba into ekhethekile, kodwa akude kakhulu umculo Negro.

ukungabi nasithakazelo

Lapho kuqala iMpi Yezwe II esikhundleni umculo sina baqala ukwanda "razvlekalovka". Lokhu kwakusho ukuthi inkathi jika buphelile. abaculi Jazz ngizile ecindezelekile, baba nomuzwa wokuthi wonke balahlekelwa izikhundla zabo nomculo wabo abasoze bakwazi ukuba impumelelo efanayo eligadulayo 30. Kodwa ayenephutha, ngoba jazz abalandeli Bekunanaphakethe ngasekupheleni 20 th futhi ekuqaleni kuka-21 eminyaka th. Kuyiqiniso namuhla, lesi sitayela akuyona izuzwe mass, kodwa umculo elite emhlabeni wonke.