Lens umsebenzi. Iso lomuntu: Sakhiwo

Iso lomuntu - kuyinto uhlelo eziyinkimbinkimbi optical, ogama msebenzi ukuba adlulisele isithombe ngakwesokudla emsipheni optic. Izingxenye isitho umbono - a fibrous, imithambo yegazi, anezikhala igobolondo kanye Sakhiwo sangekhatsi.

emgodleni fibrous - a-cornea kanye sclera. Ngokusebenzisa i-cornea we refracted imisebe yokukhanya kuwela ngaphakathi komqondo uhlaka umbono. sclera opaque wenza uhlaka ingxenye futhi umsebenzi zokuzivikela.

Kwenzeka ngokusebenzisa choroid igazi iso umsoco, equkethe izakhamzimba kanye nomoya-mpilo.

Ngaphansi cornea kuyinto samehlo, esingenawo inikeza umbala wamehlo indoda. Maphakathi Umfundi uyakwazi ushintshe usayizi kuncike ukukhanyisa. Phakathi i-cornea kanye iris yiyona amahlaya aqueous, esivikela amagciwane kusukela cornea.

Ingxenye elandelayo yohlelo choroid ubizwa ngokuthi umzimba ciliary, ngenxa okuyinto kukhona ukuthuthukiswa uketshezi intraocular. I choroid ungaphakathi ukuxhumana ngqo retina, futhi inikeza ngayo amandla.

Retina akha izingqimba eziningana ezinzwa. Ngalesi umzimba inikezwa bezibona ukukhanya nesithombe kumiswa. Ngemva kwalokho kukhona ukudluliswa kolwazi ngokusebenzisa emsipheni optic kuya ebuchosheni.

Engxenyeni engaphakathi komzimba siqukethe emakamelweni front futhi bakhulise egcwele esobala intraocular ketshezi, lens kanye namahlaya Vitreous. Vitreous uye gelled ukubukeka.

Ebalulekile ohlelweni womuntu ezibukwayo - lokhu lens. lens umsebenzi - ukuhlinzeka ashukumisayo yokukhanya amehlo. Kuyasiza ukubona izinto ezahlukene kanye ngokulinganayo. Kakade ngesonto 4th umbungu uqala ukwakha lens. Sakhiwo umsebenzi, kanye ukusebenza nezifo zalo kungenzeka sizobheka kulesi sihloko.

isakhiwo

Lokhu umzimba efana lens biconvex, evele front futhi bakhulise kwako ugobile ezahlukene. I Ingcenye ephakathi yesigaba ngamunye kubo - nesigxobo ukuthi exhunywe axis. -eksisi ubude cishe 3.5-4.5 mm. Bobabili evele zihlangene eduze nentaba, okuthiwa yenkabazwe. Adult unamahlangothi iso lens optical 9-10 mm, basibekele phezulu capsule esobala (isikhwama anterior) ngaphakathi okuyinto kukhona ugqinsi epithelium. Ngakolunye uhlangothi itholakala capsule posterior, ayinayo ungqimba ezinjalo.

Kungenzeka ocular lens EPITHELIAL cell ukukhula waqinisekisa ukuthi njalo ezala. eziyimpumelelo Nerve, imithambo yegazi, lymphoid kusukela lens azitholakali, kuba ngokuphelele kumiswa EPITHELIAL. On obala we umzimba kuthinta ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali uketshezi intraocular, uma Ukwakheka washintsha, kungenzeka ingaphazamisi lens.

Ukwakheka lens

Ukwakheka kulomzimba elilandelayo - 65% amanzi, 30% amaprotheni, ama-5% lipids, amavithamini kanye izinto ezihlukahlukene wezinto ezingaphili futhi compounds, kanye enzyme. amaprotheni Basic - ke crystallin.

Umgomo we operation

Lens esweni - lesi sakhiwo yokwakheka ingxenye anterior esweni, ngokuvamile kufanele kube omsulwa. Umgomo we operation lens - ngokugxila kubonakala imisebe yokukhanya kusukela into endaweni macular. Isithombe kuyi-retina esweni yayicacile, kufanele kube sobala. Lapho ukukhanya ewela i-retina, i-pulse kagesi, olungena ngokusebenzisa emsipheni optic kuya maphakathi ezibukwayo zobuchopho. Umsebenzi zobuchopho - ngisho nokukwazi ukuqonda lokho izinto ezibonwa amehlo.

lens umsebenzi

Indima lens ekusebenzeni ohlelweni umuntu kubaluleke kakhulu. Okokuqala it has a ukukhanya Umhlahlandlela umsebenzi, okungukuthi, kuvumela ukudlula ukugeleza ukukhanya retina. Ukukhanya-transmissive lens imisebenzi zinikezwa ngale.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ejensi iye bahileleke kuphulwa ukukhanya futhi amandla mayelana 19 diopters. Ngenxa lens olunikezwa ukusebenza lo mshini accommodative ngawo angesabi ulungisa focus yesithombe ebonakalayo.

Lokhu umzimba kusisiza wabheka kalula okuvela kwezinye izinto ezikude kulabo abaseduze ukuthi kuhlinzekwe ngokushintsha amandla yezokubona we inhlamvu yeso. Nge zokunciphisa imisipha Imicu yotshani, oluzungeze lens, kukhona ukwehla isimo esishubile capsule futhi ushintsho ukuma lens optical esweni. Kuba ayizindunduma ngaphezulu, kanjalo kuyabonakala ibekwe eduze izinto. Lapho imisipha ephumula, lens kuba flat, kukuvumela ukubona izinto elise kude.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-lens ukwahlukanisa ehlukanisa iso ngezigaba ezimbili, iqinisekisa lokuvikeleka kwezifiso ezisemqoka ezingumphumela anterior inhlamvu yeso kusuka ngokweqile ingcindezi Vitreous. Futhi, kwaba isithiyo nezilwanyana ezincane ukuthi musa ukuwela Vitreous. Lokhu kubonisa umsebenzi zokuzivikela lens.

isifo

Izizathu lens optical izifo iso kungaba ezihlukahlukene kakhulu. Lokhu kungukuphula lasungulwa nokuthuthukiswa, futhi ushintsho indawo kanye nemibala ezenzeka ngeminyaka noma ngenxa yokulimala. Ihlangana nokuthuthukiswa okungavamile kolwelwesi, esithinta ukuma nombala wayo.

Ngokuvamile kukhona zokugula, ale nkinga, noma ingaphazamisi ezinjalo lens. Phambi zikhona, kuncike ilungiselelo turbidity zone, egqinsiwe, zenuzi, nibulale ezingasemuva, nezinye izinhlobo zesifo. Lolu ngwengwezi lwakheka kungaba azalwa naso noma bathenga besekhona ngenxa ukuhlukumezeka, izinguquko ezihlobene nokukhula futhi eziningi ezinye izizathu.

Ngezinye izikhathi umuntu elimele futhi edwengula izindikimba ezonikeza isiqiniseko isikhundla lesifanele lens kungaholela ukufuduka yayo. Ngezinye ntambo ikhefu egcwele kwenzeka lens dislocated, ukudabuka ngokwengxenye kuholela subluxation.

Izimpawu ze-lens

Njengoba bekhula, ngobucayi umbono womuntu kuyehla, kuba nzima kakhulu ukufunda uhla close. Slow umzimba kuholela izinguquko izakhiwo optical we-lens, yona kuba obukhulu nokuncane esobala. Iso lomuntu eqala ukubona izinto ngokungafani kancane, isithombe noma kuqedwe ama umbala waso. Uma kwenziwa turbidity evelele, acuity ezibukwayo ancipha kakhulu, kukhona cataract. Indawo turbidity ophazamisa futhi ngesilinganiso umbono kwehle.

opacification ezihlobene Ubudala-eba eside, kuze iminyaka eminingana. Ngenxa yalokhu umbono kahle kwelinye iso kungase kungaqashelwa isikhathi eside. Kodwa ngisho ekhaya, ungakwazi ukunquma khona esweni. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kudingeka sibheke ishidi engenalutho iphepha nomunye ke omunye neso. Ephambi kwezinduna sifo sengathi ishidi selibe buthuntu futhi has a kwe-tint aphuzi. Abantu ne lesi sifo badinga ukukhanya okukhulu, lapho bakwazi ukubona kahle.

Ingaphazamisi lens kungadalwa khona ukuvuvukala (iridocyclitis) noma ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside ukuthaka imithi, aqukethe hormone steroidal. Ucwaningo oluhlukahlukene luye waqinisekisa ukuthi emehlweni glaucoma ingaphazamisi lens optical ishesha.

ukuhlola

Ukuxilongwa siqukethe ukuhlolwa umbono kanye izakhiwo ucwaningo esweni nedivaysi ekhethekile optical. Udokotela wezifo zamehlo ihlola ubukhulu nokwakheka lens inquma degree ngale, khona nendawo ufasimbe, okuholela ukwehla acuity ezibukwayo. Lapho isifundo lens kukhona uhlangothi ebalulekile ukukhanya indlela lapho zihlolwe phambi kobuso balo, etholakala ngaphakathi umfundi. Uma kungekho ifu, lens akubonakali. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezinye izindlela yophenyo - luhlolo ekukhanyeni ngocansi, isifundo ngokusebenzisa isibani umqhewu (biomicroscopy).

Indlela esiphatha ngayo?

Ukwelashwa kwemfuyo kusebenza ikakhulukazi kuhlinzwa. Ikhemisi amaketanga ukunikela amathonsi ahlukahlukene, kodwa abakwazi ukubuyela obala we lens, futhi akuqinisekisi ukuqedwa isifo. Ukuhlinzwa inqubo kuphela oluqinisekisa alulame ngokugcwele. Ukuze ukuhlinzwa cataract lingasetshenziswa isizinda extracapsular nge sutures ku-cornea. Kukhona enye indlela - phacoemulsification nge sakugcina sebeziqhumbuza self-uphawu. ukususwa indlela ekhethiwe kuncike kwabantu kanye opacity ngesimo emisipheni. Ayikho ebaluleke kancane lokho okwenzeka kudokotela.

Kusukela kuyi-lens iso linendima ebalulekile ohlelweni umuntu, khona-ke ezihlukahlukene ukulimala kanye iziyaluyalu umsebenzi wakhe wawuvame kungaholela emiphumeleni ungalungiseki. Noma iziphi izimpawu ukungakhuli noma kabi iso - kuba isizathu ukwelashwa ngokushesha kudokotela, abayoba ukuxilonga kanye linqume ukwelashwa kudingekile.