Kuvele apharathasi ngoba amanzi emithonjeni endlini yangasese: imidwebo

Ukuba umthombo ethu amanzi endaweni ifeza indima ebaluleke kakhulu. Uma kungekho khona ukuthi amanzi maphakathi ke ukubheja Okungcono kudivayisi amanzi emithonjeni endlini yangasese, okuzokwenza ahlele ezimele ungaphazanyiswa kwamanzi yonke indawo ezizungezile. Ukuze wenze kahle, ngeke ukwazi kuphela ngosizo ochwepheshe, kodwa futhi ngokuzimela. Lokhu kudinga imali, ukutholakala nezimpahla ezidingekile, amathuluzi, kanye nesikhathi mahhala futhi isifiso.

izinhlobo imithombo

Imithombo kwedivayisi kwamanethiwekhi amanzi emzini womzalwane kungaba ezimbili zama.

Kukhethwe wellbore isihlabathi at ongaphakeme amanzi ukusetshenziswa (kufika ku 2 cubic metres ngehora). It yamba ukujula 25-30 m, uze ufike endaweni yamanzi isihlabathi. Yokuqinisa amapayipi kahle phansi suit amatshe isihlungi bese ngihlaliswa futha ngwenya. Amanzi okuholela emithonjeni isezingeni eliphakeme, engesiyo imithombo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindleko imali nesikhathi ukwakha izakhiwo ezinjalo kuncane. Kodwa iyiphi imbobo isihlabathi has nezihibe:

• transience (kufika ku iminyaka engu-10);
• amanzi amancane;
• kwetfulwe sedimentation okusheshayo, lapho kukhona isidingo yokuhlanza gqwa amanzi uzotshala.

Artesian kahle - lena inketho nenzuzo kakhulu yezwe unomphela lokuhlala. imithombo enjalo yamba kumuntu ukujula, okungase kube eyikhulu noma ngaphezulu izinto amamitha. Inzuzo enkulu kwemithombo Artesian amahle angenamkhawulo: kuba umthombo cishe awapheli, futhi umkhiqizo safinyelela 10 cubic metres yamanzi ngehora. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amanzi has a high ngaphandle silts futhi akukhona okungenamizwa.

Nokho, leli thuluzi ngoba amanzi emithonjeni endlini yangasese ngesikhathi izindleko izindleko kancane ngaphezulu kuyabiza kuka ekwakheni umthombo isihlabathi, kodwa lezi zindleko zizokhokhelwa emuva angabacwasi ngokushesha. Ukusebenza kwemithombo Artesian kuphezulu kakhulu, kuyoba lanele ukukunikeza isilinganiso ingxenye enkulu zonke izakhiwo zokuhlala. umthombo okunjalo ingahlala iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-50.

Izigaba amanzi asizayo kudivayisi ukunikezela

Cabanga kahle kanjani idivayisi ibheka amanzi emzini womzalwane. Isinyathelo ngesinyathelo guide:

• ukhethe indawo Ngokuzayo womthombo;
• ukwenza oyifunayo imishini ukujula;
• ukufaka caisson;
• Senza ukufakwa imishini ukutakula amanzi;
• setha futha;
• Sinikeza ukufakwa uvala amadivayisi;
• ukusungula kudingekile ezishintshayo uhlelo;
• ukhetha behlangana uhlelo umshini ohlanza amanzi;
• uhlelo iphayiphi kusukela wellhead endlini;
• ukwenza pipework kohlelo lwangaphakathi namanzi.

Indlela yokwenza kwedivayisi kwamanethiwekhi amanzi emithonjeni endlini yangasese ngezandla zakhe? Imidwebo -Here ukuqinisekisa impumelelo i ezizimele amanzi supply system.

Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi ngokuvumelana imithetho ekhona ku hole ngamunye kubalulekile ukuba i-passport ngabanye. Inikeza uhlobo inhlangano okuyinto eyenziwa yokubhola. Passport kuyodingeka ukuba zithunyelwe emagunyeni yokubhalisa.

Imithombo kwedivayisi kwamanethiwekhi amanzi emzini womzalwane: ukubuyekeza

Kwamanzi emizi yabantu ngosizo emthonjeni inikeza ukuqaliswa eziningi imisebenzi okwenziwa ngokuhambisana phrojekthi. Kunconywa ukuba ukubhuka ezinhlanganweni ezikhethekile. amanzi kudivayisi supply kufanele ondle uhlelo okusefa kahle amanzi ukuze kugcinwe imishini, lapho amanzi Siyonikwa.

Amanzi emthonjeni kusayithi kungenzeka endabeni ukusetshenziswa obuhlukahlukene ukwakhiwa, kodwa lapha kukhona kungenzeka siltation okusheshayo. Ukuze ugweme lokhu, sincoma njalo akhishwa kahle. Libuye othandeakayo ebusika ukwenza ukulondolozwa kusistimu (amanzi ngokuphelele).

amaphampu

Ngesikhathi inhlangano ezimele yokuphakela amanzi emizini yabazalwane emthonjeni kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlela indlela onokwethenjelwa ephakamisa amanzi. Izinto zesimanje emakethe linikeza ezihlukahlukene amaphampu kusuka abakhiqizi ezahlukene. Iliphi ilungelo isistimu yakho?

Ukuze sikhethe kahle, kubalulekile ukufunda ekusebenzeni ahlukahlukene izinhlobo amaphampu kanye kwemigomo umthombo kuyiphi abaseGibithe bayakunengwa ngukuphuza amanzi zivuleka. Uzokhetha kuncike ukusebenza kwaloluhlelo uhlelo namanzi.

Yini okufanele sicatshangelwe lapho kukhethwa futha?

Endaweni yokuqala kunconywa ukuba banake nemingcele ezilandelayo:

• isamba kahle kanye nezinga amanzi kuwo ukujula;
• inani lamanzi adingekayo ukuba nosuku, kuhlanganise ukuchelela insimu;
• amanzi ukugandeleleka kahle. It ingabalwa kanje: engeza ukujula emgodini 30, futhi isibalo okuholela luyanda 10%. ukukhetha Iningi ngempumelelo yokucindezela 90 m;
• Thumela ubukhulu Borehole;
• iyunithi izindleko.

izinhlobo amaphampu

Ngaphambi kokuba uthenge futha, kudingeka unqume ukuthi nifuna hlobo yayo.

Zonke amaphampu yizigaba ezimbili:

• Surface amaphampu ungachazwa ukuthi umzimba wabo isendaweni umhlaba, noma ngqo phezu kwamanzi. Wabamba ngumuntu iflothi ekhethekile. Lolu hlobo lwe-futha kungenzeka amanzi kusukela amamitha angu ayibi ngaphezu kuka-9 ukujula, lapho isicelo yayo kukhawulwe imithombo.
• amaphampu ngwenya zehliswa ngokuphelele emanzini akhishwa.

Idivayisi ngokwahlukana ngokuvumelana nesimiso:

• amaphampu centrifugal abe kushaft ngensingo bendiza, okuyothi kudala amandla centrifugal elikuvumela ukuba amanzi.
• amaphampu Vibratory zihlanganisa ulwelwesi. Ukuphampa amanzi kuwo kwenzeka ngenxa umehluko ingcindezi izinkomba, kwakheka ngaphakathi nangaphandle okuyinto.

Lapho uthenga futha kungcono ukhetha umuntu oyisibonelo lapho design ukuvikela motor kusuka okweqile inikezwa thermoswitch.

Ungacabangi ukuthi mkhulu ngamandla futha, ngcono. amandla ngokweqile kungabangela izinkinga ezithile ohlelweni lonke.

Kungcono kulokhu ukuba uthintane onguchwepheshe bese uthole futha amandla esivela iphrojekthi.

Imithombo kwedivayisi kwamanethiwekhi amanzi emzini womzalwane: futha isandla

Uma usebenzisa imishini ephathwayo iphampa amavolumu yamanzi kanye feed izinga asikwazi kuqhathaniswa nokusetshenziswa analogue othomathikhi. Nokho, isimiso esifanayo wokusebenza, kukhona omunye inzuzo enkulu - kwencika ngokuphelele ukuxhumana nemibandela zangaphandle. Ngenxa yalesi izinga isandla amaphampu abe ithuluzi esisemqoka amanzi noma ukuvelela izingxenye ezincane amanzi emithonjeni engajulile.

Lapho kuphumeleleka khona mathupha amanzi amaphampu

futha Hand kuzuzisa kakhulu ukusebenzisa kulezi zimo ezilandelayo:

• yokuntuleka central (DC) ahlinzeke energy kagesi;
• ubuncane nsuku engayitholi umthamo wamanzi;
• kahle wazalela futhi abe ukujula encane;
• esikhundleni okulingana ebhakedeni bendabuko kanye intambo ngesikhathi kwemithombo yamanzi yomphakathi;
• alamu (esikhululekile) umthombo wamandla wokubacindezela.

Indlela ukuhlela kahle bebodwa?

Imithombo kwedivayisi kwamanethiwekhi amanzi emzini womzalwane kungenzeka ukuba baphathe wedwa.

Okokuqala kubalulekile ukucacisa amanzi esindayo umthambo zensimu. Kukhona izindlela eziningana ukuze useshe izindawo ukwenza izimbobo imishini emhlabathini:

• izindawo idatha esetshenziswa (amabalazwe ezibonisa indawo komhlaba);
• uphenyo zezitshalo zemvelo;
• iseshwa usebenzisa amanzi willow Amahlumela.

Siphakamisa ukuba ucabangele kudivayisi kahle amanzi emzini womzalwane ngaphandle kwebhokisi.

Ngemva ekutholeni indawo imishini kudingeka sithathe indlela lapho kahle kwenziwa. Indlela ephumelela kunazo - imishini. Ukuze bakwazi ukwenza ngokuzimela yalo msebenzi usebenzisa imishini Rig wosayizi omncane, okuyinto efanelekayo ukusetshenziswa ngisho nalabo abangebona ochwepheshe, noma okuzenzela ngesandla sokuprakthiza. Kuyinto okuthunyelwe ekupheleni esemgwaqweni element ahlabayo. Bur uthukulula zenhlabathi, thatha ipuleti Helical ngokufanele kubha emva izakhi ahlabayo. Ngenxa yalokho, ubude induku luyanda.

Ngemva edabula yamanzi imishini inqubo imisiwe. Ngokulandelayo, ukuqala ukulungiselela kahle for ukusebenza okugcwele. Isinyathelo sokuqala ngumthombo ngosizo we bailer is bahlanza ngokucophelela, bese sehliselwe phansi lemifanekiso, futhi isikhala esisele ligcwele isihlabathi indawo.

kahle kwedivayisi kwamanethiwekhi amanzi endlini yangasese (isithombe ungabona kulesi sihloko) kudingeka imishini elandelayo ukuyisebenzisa. Ukuze wenze lokhu kahle kuqinisa izindonga usebenzisa asbestos usimende amapayipi. Lokhu kwenziwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe esibushelelezi futhi ohlanzekile njengoba ukufinyelela kungenzeka ukuba yamanzi (ngaphandle izakhi kwenhlabathi).

Indlela ukuhlela amapayipi asbestos usimende kule kahle

Ngaphambi sifeza lesi isigaba umsebenzi kufanele acabangele izici ezilandelayo:

• Ukuze uthole indawo kuwusizo kakhudlwana ingakhetfwa mncane ipayipi ububanzi kuka ububanzi Borehole.
• Kunconywe ibekwe tube ngqo ebalulekile. Uma lokhu kungeke kwenzeke, kungenzeka ukuba ukhethe izingcezu amapayipi nge ububanzi efanayo futhi emaphethelweni bushelelezi ezizakunciphisa kungenzeka ukungcoliswa umthombo wamanzi.
• nobukhulu bezinhlamvu kahle ngamunye izingxenye kuvikelwe ngokucophelela abanezinto zokugawula ezibukhali ekhethekile, okuyinto kusiza ukuvimbela sedimentation bezinhlamvu yamanzi ezijulile kanye nokufinyelela ezedlulayo emanzini.
• Njengoba kukhona njalo ephakamisa ipayipi emthonjeni, kubalulekile ukuba sicabangele indlela ukukulungisa kakade phezu.

Ngemva kokufaka ipayipi idinga ukuthola indlela ifike ebusweni ngamanzi ukujula zizonikezwa. Indlela ephumelela kunazo zonke - ukusebenzisa futha ngwenya futhi bachitha kuwo Amapayipi ukumpompa amanzi endlini futhi amandla ukuze nginisele isayithi. Amandla futha ezinjalo kumele pre-ibalwa, ikhumbula ukuphakama, okuyinto Siyonikwa emithonjeni imithombo.

Sicabangele kafushane kudivayisi kahle amanzi emzini womzalwane. Indlela ukuqhuba kwemithombo yamanzi bebodwa, niyazi. Manje ungenza design zokuhlobisa, okuyilona elisebenzayo futhi kubalulekile. Zikhona ongakhetha eziningi, ngokwesibonelo - ukwakhiwa kwalesi uhlaka lokhuni, kombhede ezibaziweyo, okungenxa yezimo ezikhethekile design kahle ezinkulu eyenziwe ngetshe le yokufakelwa. Manje uvule amehlo akho engqondo futhi udale induduzo kusayithi.