Kusho ukuthini umthetho wamaRoma?

Ngokuqinisekile, wonke umuntu uzovuma ukuthi omunye wempumelelo ebaluleke kakhulu empucuko yonke yaseRoma yayilungile. Ngempela, umthethonqubo kule ndawo uthinte cishe zonke izici zokuphila kwalesi sifundazwe. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi umthetho wamaRoma uhambisana nezinhlelo eziningi zomthetho, kuhlanganise nezanamuhla.

Kusukela ukutholwa kwemithetho yeTables 12 (i-5th century BC), umthethonqubo wezomthetho uye waba isimo esibalulekile sokuba khona kombuso kanye nokwamukelwa okufanayo kwamalungelo omhlali.

Wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi imithetho isetshenzisiwe, bese iguqulwa, ngakho yaqedwa ngokuphelele.

Kodwa-ke, isimo sengqondo kulo mboni njengengxenye ebalulekile yombuso wonke ngokungangabazeki sagcinwa kokubili ngezikhathi ze-republic kanye nangesikhathi esizayo.

Umthetho wamaRoma, noma kunalokho, ukuwuhlonipha, kanye nokuzinikela kwenkolo nokuzinikela kuwo wonke amasiko okhokho, kuyisici esibalulekile senhlalo yabantu.

Njengoba kuyaziwa, izakhamuzi zixazulule zonke izingxabano ezivela enkantolo. Umthetho wangasese waseRoma, amagatsha awo, kanye namakhono okukhulumisana afundiswa esikoleni kusukela eminyakeni yokuqala.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ngalezo zinsuku kwakukhona nezikhungo zomthetho ezikhethekile.

Kodwa-ke, izinguquko kancane kancane esifundazweni kanye nokwakhiwa okulandelayo koMbuso kuye kwaphazamisa insimu yezomthetho. Manje isihloko somthetho kwakuyisihloko, hhayi isakhamuzi, njengangaphambili. Kancane kancane washintsha isimo senkantolo nesijeziso. Iningi lamacala enkantolo manje laya kubamantshi, okwathi ngalolo suku lathinteka kakhulu le nqubo ngokwayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kwakungenxa yesimemezelo soMbuso wokuthi umthetho wamaRoma wawuthola amafomu awo ajwayelekile, owaziwayo namhlanje.

Ngenxa yomsebenzi wabameli abanamakhono abanamakhono eziningana, uhlelo oluthile oluguquguqukayo futhi olufanayo ngesikhathi esisodwa lwadalwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ososayensi bangaleso sikhathi basebenze kanzima ukuthuthukisa ukuxoshwa ngokomthetho, ikakhulukazi emasimini obugebengu nezinqubo. Isibonelo, lokho okubizwa okuthiwa ukungabikho kobuthakathaka ekugcineni kwakhiwa.

Umthetho wamaRoma, njengoba uyaziwa, wawunezingxenye eziningana, okwakubaluleke kakhulu kuwo wonke umbuso (civil). Izinhlangano zomthetho emthethweni waseRoma zahlolwa ngaphesheya kombuzo. Ngokusho kochwepheshe, okwakamuva futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo kuqedile ukuhlanganiswa komthetho okwenziwa ngemuva kokuwa koMbuso ngaphansi kweJustinian. Lo mbusi wenza konke ukugqugquzela nokusekela isimo sakhe. Ngakho-ke, ngosizo lwababonisi benkantolo kanye nekhomishini eyakhelwe ngokukhethekile, wakwazi ukushicilela wonke amalungu amalungelo, kamuva owaziwa ngokuthi uCorpus jutis civilis. Ukuchazwa kwaleyo minyaka kuze kube yilolu suku kubhekwa njengesikole esingcono kunazo zonke ekuqeqesheni abameli abaqeqeshiwe kakhulu.

Ngako-ke, umthetho wamaRoma uye wakhonza njengenye yezisekelo ezibaluleke kakhulu hhayi kuphela kwezinqubo zomthetho ezalandela, kodwa empucuko yaseYurophu ngokwayo, ephindaphindiwe, isho njalo ukuthi yizinto ezibaluleke kakhulu zokuziphatha kwabantu.