Kudivayisi wesifunda echazwe kanye nokubuyekeza: Electric isibani

Isibani sikagesi liyisici esisemqoka kukagesi noma iliphi igumbi. Namuhla kunezinhlobo ezahlukene izibani. Kulawa, iyiphi aphethe ayoyikhetha izinketho kangcono umphelelisi cosiness endlini. Izibani kungase kudingeke ezahlukahlukene. Uzenze ngendlela efanele, uyokwazi futhi ulondoloze imali kagesi amandla okukhokha.

Naphezu kokuhlukahluka zinhlobo, banayo izingxenye efanayo: lokhu base nge isokhethi kochungechunge. Ulwazi olufanele njalo eziqukethwe izibani ngokwabo.

Plinth

Izidingo zansuku zonke Kukhona izibani zomlilo nge cap amancane, aphakathi nendawo kanye enkulu. Lezi zimo zokuma zivumelana izilinganiso E14, E27 futhi E40. Inombolo lapha kusho milimitha ubukhulu. E27 silingana ezivamile. E40 esetshenziswa izibani emgwaqweni nge amandla 300, 500 no-1000 Watts.

Ngaphezu isikulufa-e igobolondo amakepisi, kukhona okukhethwa kukho pin hlobo. ngezinhlobo zazo: G5, G9, 2G10, 2G11, G23, R7s-7. Lezi ofeleba kudingeka ukuze wonge isikhala. Isibani sikagesi igibele e isibani esebenzisa izikhonkwane.

amandla

Lena esinye sezici eziyinhloko. umakhi Isimo sayo sibonisa cap noma ibhodlela. Amandla kagesi izibani ukuthi yiziphi ukukhanya okukhipha ayovela ke. Okuphuma ukukhanya kanye nezinga ukukhanya sasikhipha - imiqondo ehlukene. Ngemva isibani energy esisindisa kokuba amandla 5 W, kukhanye ungcono esikhipha izibani Watts 60. okukhipha Khanyisa kukho, ngeshwa, azifani. Ngakho-ke, lokhu ukuncika kuphela okuhlangenwe nakho kwabo siqu usebenzisa labo noma ezinye izinketho, kanye iseluleko nabathengisi.

kahle elikhanyayo

Inketho kusho ukuthi 1 Watt isibani unika ukuthi ingakanani lumens. Ngokuqhathanisa ukusebenza izinhlobo ezahlukene, kungabonwa ukuthi energy esisindisa Fluorescent isibani kuzosuka kane kwabayisishiyagalolunye ukonga ngaphezulu kuka incandescent ama. Uma last 60 Watts ukunikeza lumens mayelana 600, wokusindisa amandla ukhombise imiphumela efanayo uma kwemigomo 10-11 Watts.

Electric esikhipha isibani: izici, amandla, voltage

Lezi zinhlobo ama zaziza kuqala emakhaya yekhulu nesishiyagalolunye. Bona, yebo, zishintshile eziningi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi. Nokho, isimiso sokuthi yokusebenza ayiguquki.

Bonke kuqukathe gilazi tsha, ngaphakathi okuyinto - isikhala cleaner, kuthi izixhumi cap futhi fuses, kanye esikhipha sesigcilikisha, ihlaba umkhosi ukukhanya. I Kuvunguza eyenziwe a ingxubevange tungsten okuyinto kalula ukumelana izinga lokushisa lokusebenza 3.200 degrees Celsius. Umdwebo wokuhlelwa kwendikimba izibani simiswe ngalendlela lelandzelako: lapho sidlula umqhubi nge ingxenye encane esiphambanweni liqhuba kagesi amandla okungena amalahle Kuvunguza ingxenye. Ngakho-ke iqala ukuba kuvuthe. Ukuze uhala akuyona lushiswe mzuzwana, i igesi engaxubani namakhemikhali akhishwa ku kwesibani.

Naphezu ukukhanya idivayisi isibani lelula, yasungulwa eziningi zezinto eziphilayo, ezingafani kusuka nomunye ijamo, ubungako kanye izinto zokwakha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, nezibani ezenziwe ngamandla ezahlukene. It zokhahlamba kusuka Watts 40 250, uma eyenzelwe yasendlini ukukhanyisa. Izidingo zezimboni ukwenza kube imishini namandla kakhulu.

Umdwebo okulula i Isibani sikagesi kungaba kanje.

Kukhona izibani zokuhlobisa, amakhandlela, ibhaluni elithatha side kunokuba isiyingi isesimweni, futhi kufana isesimweni ukuze ikhandlela. Ngokuvamile, basuke asetshenziswa luminaires ezincane. Glass kungenziwa zipendwe ngemibala ehlukile. Ukwakheka izibani ingilazi kugqame zihlanganisa enamathela lembhali ukuqondisa ukukhanya ugongolo ezihlangene. Ngokuvamile basuke esetshenziselwa ophahleni ukukhanyisa ukuqondisa konke ukukhanya phansi. I kagesi esikhipha isibani has a voltage low. Labo okuhloswe okukhanyisa zendawo, abe voltage 12, 24, 36 V Zisetshenziswa uma izingozi, amadivayisi ngesandla, nokunye. Bekanye ongaphakeme energy ukusetshenziswa anika Ukusabalala kancane kakhulu.

Futhi ezahlukene izibani ukumelana okuyinto siyahlukahluka voltage namandla, kodwa hhayi ngendlela eqondile.

Lezi izibani benezingane eziningi kahle. Okokuqala bona abe nekghono ongaphakeme - ayidluli 2-3% of ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kagesi. Zonke ezinye kunikezwa ukufudumeza isizukulwane. Okwesibili, awayona ephephile kusukela iphuzu Ngenxa ingozi yomlilo. iphepha Plain uyakwazi ukukhanyisa ngamaminithi amabili ngemva lizonamathiselwa isibani nge Watts 100. Izibani nazo hhayi eliqinile le kusukela zonke bavela 500 kuya amahora 1000.

Kodwa zishibhile kakhulu futhi asidingi yimuphi izilungiselelo ezengeziwe kanye nokuxhumana. Ngakho-ke, naphezu kokushiyeka yayo, abathengi abaningi ukukhuluma ngalezi izibani is positive bese uqhubeke ukujabulela nabo.

izibani Halogen

Lolu hlobo has okufanayo yokusebenza isimiso njengoba kwaba njalo endabeni odlule. Umehluko nje itholakala yokwakheka igesi ngaphakathi ibhaluni. Kukhona yengezwe inert igesi iodo noma bromo. Lokhu kwandisa lokushisa sesigcilikisha kanye ukuhwamuka ziyancipha of tungsten. Ngakho-ke, isikhathi eside ekuphileni inkonzo yabo izikhathi eziningi ukwedlula ama incandescent.

Njengoba ukwanda ingilazi lokushisa ngokushesha kakhulu, zenziwa asebenza ngebhethri. Lokhu kwaziswa ayikhiphi ukusilaphazeka.

izibani Halogen yena, zihlukaniswe izinhlobo ezahlukene. Lokhu ongakhetha komugqa elisetshenziswa namaphrojektha umile noma ephathekayo, nelangabi nge enamathela esibukweni, okuyinto evame ukufakwa okwakhiwa ngalo la mabhodi izakhiwo. Phakathi kwamaphutha kuzo yilezi nokuzwela voltage amathonsi. Ngakho-ke, uma isicelo okwengeziwe efiselekayo ukusebenzisa kwe-transformer ekhethekile lapho amandla ngeke wazi off kagesi isibani zamanje.

Ngokuvamile ngalinye lala masonto izibani isethelwe izibani yezimoto. Nakuba abanikazi imoto besabela kahle kubo, kababoni mahluko phakathi inketho engabizi, futhi kuyabiza, ne ezihlukahlukene sishaye nezinye izici.

Fluorescent izibani emini

Uma izibani Halogen ube isimiso esifanayo we esikhipha ke lolu hlobo yehluke kancane ngomsebenzi wayo. Lapha, ngaphansi kwethonya samanje negabha ezenziwe ngengilazi akabi tungsten sesigcilikisha, futhi mercury ububi ngentukuthelo. Njengoba ukukhanya ikhishwa wukukhanya ku ultraviolet, cishe akunakwenzeka ukuhlukanisa. Ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet kubangela phosphor ukuze ezishisa kakhulu zikhipha izinhlayiyana enamathela phezu izindonga tube. Sibona. indlela Connection kuleli cala futhi uhluke kakhulu. On the amashubhu kukhona izikhonkwane okufanele afakwe isokhethi futhi ijika.

izibani fluorescent usebenza ezingeni lokushisa ongaphakeme, ngakho-ke kulula ngayo uma icindezelwa. Siyabonga endaweni enkulu ebusweni ingafinyelela ngukukhanya ngisho okusabalele, kuhle ehlweni lomuntu. Impilo sevisi ephakeme ngokuphindwe kayishumi izibani incandescent.

Kodwa lezi izibani kungukuthi ngqo ixhunywe kwinethiwekhi. Kubo, usebenzisa ballasts akhethekile temusho, incinerate kubo ekuqaleni. luminaires Iningi eyenzelwe izibani Fluorescent kukhona kukhanya esishunyekiwe kumadivayisi efana ballasts electronic.

Naphezu amanani aphezulu, abathengi sezibani ngezibani enjalo ukugubha umbono wabo yemvelo. Ngakho-ke, amakhasimende abo beqotho abalithandayo.

Ukubabiza ngokuthi elandelayo:

• LB kuyinto ukukhanya okumhlophe;
• LD - usuku;
• LE - yemvelo;
• LHB - abandayo;
• LTB - efudumele.

Ngemva izinhlamvu kulandele idijithi, olokuqala okubhekisele degree yokudlulisela ukukhanya, kanti elandelayo - ukuvutha lokushisa efanele. Ayanda ukudluliswa ukukhanya, ukukhanya kuyinto lemvelo ukufunda. okushisa ahlukene ukunikeza lowehlukile. Ngakho, kuba mhlophe efudumele kakhulu 2700K bayofudumala - at 3000K, yemvelo - at 4000K, usuku - at 5000K.

izibani energy-saving

Lapho benza lezi izibani compact Fluorescent, benza ukusaphazela emakethe. Izinhlobo zabo ezihlukahlukene kakhulu. Futhi kokufaneleka zawo zisobala: asikho isidingo ukufaka isikebhe sizinze olwengeziwe futhi asebenzise izibani ezikhethekile. Basuke screwed kalula zibe isokhethi abavamile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, njenganoma zonke izinhlobo, banayo kahle. Lokhu kahle ngaphansi kwamazinga okushisa aphansi, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukungavumelani ne Izilawuli ukukhanyisa, amanani entengo aphezulu, i-mercury compounds lichaza ekwakheni, le dissimilarity nokukhanya zemvelo.

izibani ezinjalo Nokho kuyanda, kodwa abantu namanje nabanye ngokuqapha ukuzilandisela futhi, usebenzisa ngokujwayelekile ama evamile in isitokwe.

LED ama-globe kagesi

Lolu hlobo uvele engxenyeni zenzeka ekhulwini lamashumi amabili wesibili. Ngo senzo, zingabantu Semiconductor, lapho ingxenye amandla ikhishwe njengoba emisebeni ziqondakala ehlweni lomuntu. Umbala ihlukile, kuncike impahla Semiconductor.

Letindlela kukhona ama kangcono zonke izinkomba:

• isikhathi wokuphila;
• okukhipha ukukhanya;
• amandla;
• umnotho nokunye.

izibani LED zihlukile kuye amandla, ubukhulu, ukusebenza, nokunye.

Kodwa, ngaphezu kwazo zonke lezi zinzuzo sobala, kukhona eyodwa ethile enkulu: intengo ophakeme kunalowo izindleko esikhipha ezivamile izibani kuze kube izikhathi 100. kusimo esinjalo abalulekile, yebo, kunciphisa inani abathengi. Noma kunjalo, ama-LED bathola abalandeli abaningi.