Jean Sibelius: Biography, esebenza ngayo. Bangaki umculo wezinsimbi eyabhalwa umqambi?

Jean Sibelius - umqambi Finnish, omisebenzi yakhe basonta isigaba lamagugu abalulekile umculo classic. Abaningi imisebenzi yakhe iziqu ngabaculi, ukugxeka nokuphikisa abathandi bomculo emhlabeni wonke. umculo wakhe kungokwalabo isitayela romanticism ekuseni futhi classical saseVienna esikoleni.

biography

Jean Sibelius, ogama biography uvezwa lokhu ephepheni, wazalwa ngo-1865 e-Finland. Uyise umqambi esizayo kwaba udokotela lempi. Lapho-Jan kwaba iminyaka engu-3 ubudala, inhloko yomkhaya wabulawa yi-typhoid fever. Wakhulisa umama womfana. Gustav kwesokunxele izikweletu izindleko zomngcwabo efanayo eqolo. Umfelokazi ayengeke azigcine endlini. Manor ingxenye enkulu yendawo ayenikwe abakweletwayo ngenxa izikweletu. Umfelokazi nezingane ezintathu, udokotela bashukumiseleka ukuba baphile endlini kagogo.

Umqambi esizayo Jean Sibelius kusuka ebuntwaneni waba umcabango acacile kakhulu. Yena njalo ukuziqambela izindaba mayelana Fairies. umama Sibelius kwafeza upiyano ne umculo unamathele izingane. Bona wonke umkhaya ukuwo amakhonsathi. Kusukela eminyakeni izingane ekuseni emkhayeni Sibelius wafundisa umculo. Yan udade ngafunda ukudlala upiyano. UMfoweth '- cello. Sam Yan uqala ukufunda ukudlala upiyano, kodwa kamuva waveza isifiso sawo sokuba ashintshe ithuluzi futhi bashintshele violin. Lo mfana kwaba udlubulunda, futhi ukumphoqa ukuba bahlanganyele ngenkuthalo, nguthisha wokuqala amshaya isandla ukunitha izinaliti. Umsebenzi wakhe wokuqala Sibelius wabhala eminyakeni 10. Wathanda ukwazi okwengeziwe umculo ikhula njengoba isikhathi siqhubeka, waqala e band zethusi. Esikoleni, Yan kwaba iyona kakhulu. On the uMazibuko ngesikhathi ezincwadini zakhe ngaso sonke isikhathi wabhala umculo. Kodwa, ngesikhathi esifanayo ukuthola amamaki aphakeme e wezitshalo kanye mathematics. Omunye umfana mkhuba ekufundayo.

Ngo-1885, Jean Sibelius langena umthetho ubuhlakani senyuvesi. Kodwa ngokushesha ayeka, eseneminyaka angimthandi. Yena esikolweni Umculo Institute. Uthisha wakhe uMartin Wegelius. UJan ayekuthanda ukufunda. WayeyiZwi umfundi best uthisha wakhe. Isebenza ukuthi Sibelius wabhala eminyakeni yakhe umfundi, ngacula kothisha nabafundi walesi sikhungo. Ngo-1889 kwafika insizwa ethile wafundiswa ukwakheka kanye umculo theory Berlin. Ngemva konyaka - eVienna.

ngendlela yokudala

Ngemva kokuthola iziqu kanye sibuyele eFinland Jean Sibelius ngokusemthethweni wangenela njengoba umqambi. Ukusebenza yenengi yomsebenzi wakhe kwaba inkondlo Symphonic "Kullervo", eyayisekelwe ku-Finnish yeqhawe lesizwe. ngokushesha Yang kwaduma, kwamenyezelwa ithemba zomculo yezwe. I-symphony sokuqala ngqa umqambi wabhala ngo-1899. Kudlalwé owaqhutshelwa e Helsinki ke. Kuyinto ngenxa umculo wezinsimbi yakhe umqambi ayedumile ngamazwe.

Sibelius empeleni igcwaliswe umsebenzi wakhe wobuciko ngo-1926. Eminyakeni amathathu ezayo zokuphila, umhlaba wangena elinde izingoma zakhe ezintsha, kodwa wabhala izingcezu ezincane kuphela, okuyinto zibaluleke ngokukhethekile emagugu emasiko. Nakuba kunobufakazi bokuthi yena eloba, kodwa iningi wemibhalo yakhe ngaleyo nkathi ubhujiswe. Mhlawumbe phakathi kwabo kwakukhona imisebenzi ebalulekile, kodwa ngasizathu simbe, umlobi ayiqedenga kubo. Eminyakeni engu-40 yekhulu lama-20, kwavuselelwa isithakazelo umculo umqambi emhlabeni bekulokhu aphansi kakhulu. Kodwa eFinland ke yaziswa kuze kube yilolu suku, njengoba iwuphawu ubukhulu wezwe.

uhlu imisebenzi

Kulabo ayaqala nje ukuba simazi ngemisebenzi umqambi Finnish, umbuzo uwukuthi: "kangakanani Jean Sibelius Symphonies ebhaliwe?" Kuzo zonke ebhala eningi imisebenzi. Kwakukhona umculo wezinsimbi eziyisikhombisa.

Symphony Yana Sibeliusa:

• № 1, e-uMoll.
• № 2, D-dur.
• № 3, C-dur.
• № 4, a-uMoll.
• № 5, es dur.
• № 6, d-uMoll.
• № 7 C-dur

izinkondlo Symphonic:

• "Saga".
• "Finland".
• "Night of gxuma kanye kwelanga."
• "Bard".
• "Oceanides".
• "Tapiola".
• "Ukhuni Nymph".
• "Ndodakazi Pohjola sika."
• "Dryad".

Ihambelane Yana Sibeliusa:

• "Karelia".
• "Suite Violin futhi Piano."
• "Othandekayo."
• "Little Suite".
• "Ukuze violin, viola kanye cello."
• "Suite Ingxoxo".
• "Yasemaphandleni".

Umculo ukuba udlala namadrama:

• "Lizard".
• "I Tempest".
• "Idili likaBelishasari".
• "Christian II King."
• "Scaramouche."
• "White Swan".
• "Ukufa."
• "Wonke umuntu."
• "Pelléas et Mélisande".

Waloba kudlala ibika, recitations umculo, amakhonsathi, amamashi, yesehlakalo, misindo wezinsimbi, izingoma ababedlala izinsimbi, legends, izingcezu ezihlekisayo, besina bethi: quartets, ayengayilungiselelanga, Sonatas, iziqephu abahlabeleli, cantatas, ballads, emaculweni angokwenkolo, izingoma yezwi ihambisana , arioso, ukuhlukahluka, opera nokunye.

Freemasonry

Jean Sibelius iminyaka eminingi sasihlanganisa Order Masonic futhi kwaba esinye izibalo wawo ovelele. Yena - omunye wabasunguli be-zakhele Helsinki. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, waba organist we namaFreemason Finnish. Ngo-1927, Sibelius wabhala imisebenzi nesishiyagalolunye ezingadukanga kuye kwahlanganiswa ngu umqambi yena iqoqo ehlukile. Wabizwa "Umculo Masonic yemikhosi." iqoqo yanyatheliswa okokuqala ngo-1936. Imisebenzi senzelwe ukusatshalaliswa phakathi Masons. Ngo-1950, ukuqoqwa ubulokhu alungisa, olusha ngomculo omusha futhi kabusha ezikhishwe. Kwavela ukuthi le nkondlo abadumile Symphonic "Finland", lolo ngesikhathi sokuhlwanyelwa kwakulandelwa umbhalo ekhethekile isiko.

indlu umqambi sika

Jean Sibelius ngo-1904 bazinza Jarvenpaa, Tuusula, eduze kwechibi, kanye nomkhaya wakhe. Imisebenzi yakhe yokugcina umqambi wabhala lapha. Sibelius wayejabula kakhulu emzini wakhe. Lapha njalo wabutha abantu creative yena kwaba umqambi enobungane. Jean Sibelius washona ngo-September 20, 1957 emzini wakhe othandekayo. Umkakhe waphila khona ngemva kokufa kwakhe ngaphambi kwawo-1970. Ngo-1972, inzalo umqambi sika wawudayisa umuzi esimweni. Manje, Museum itholakala khona. Vula it umphakathi kwaba ngo-1974.

Sibelius Museum

Ukuphela umculo Museum e Finland. It yadalwa ngaphezulu ekuphileni umqambi sika. Museum kwavulwa ngenxa yemizamo uSolwazi Otto Andersson musicology. Wanikeza edolobheni iqoqo yakhe, ehlanganisa zomculo. Eminyakeni engu-30 yekhulu lama-20, umnyuziyamu uye abe ngumnikazi imibhalo yesandla umqambi Sibelius, kanye nedatha eningiliziwe biography nemisebenzi umqambi. Konke lokhu sanikeza Yana - Adolf Pauma. Ekuqaleni, umnyuziyamu ngokuthi "umhlangano zomculo-zomlando Abo Akademi". Ngo-1949 kwathiwa kabusha yokudumisa umqambi, ngubani uqobo wavumelana. Esikhathini Museum nazane ngemisebenzi Sibelius, bheka iqoqo lezinsimbi zomculo 350 zomculo, kanye khona amakhonsathi kanye nemibukiso.