Izinto ezingewona ukudla: uhlu lwezigaba, nasekutholeni ilungelo bashintshisane imbuyiselo

Ukuphila komuntu ngamunye njengokuyigugu lizungezwe nabaningi balabo noma eminye imikhiqizo. Sinazo cishe nsuku zonke ukuze wenze ukuthenga bengabheki ukuthi kusebenza izinto ezingewona ukudla, yini ngokucacile zabo, yiziphi imithetho ukuthenga kwabo futhi ukubuya. Sitshele ukuthi iziphi izinhlobo zezinto khona, umqondo kuyini izinga. Ake sizame ukuba enze uhlu imikhiqizo non-ukudla ukwakha ngezigaba zabo.

Umcabango

Ngokwesiko zihlukaniswe yonke impahla ngesisekelo amathuba kanye ebezibhekwa ukusetshenziswa. Ngokusho lokhu umbandela ukwaba ukudla kanye non-ukudla imikhiqizo. Uhlu lwezinto engasetshenziselwa ukudla non-ukudla izinto zokusetshenziswa for ukulungiswa ezinkulu kakhulu futhi ezihlukahlukene.

imikhiqizo non-ukudla ukwanelisa izidingo eziningi engumuntu, njengoDavide yemvelo (Ukuvikelwa ngenxa yamakhaza, ukuphepha, ukulala), kanye nomphakathi (udumo, imfashini, bohlanga). zimboni ukukhiqiza izimpahla ezengeziwe. Nge letibanti letehlukene izigaba umkhiqizo futhi kube nzima nakakhulu ukuxazulula inkinga ukwehlukana imikhiqizo zilwane.

ngeengaba

Yonke imikhiqizo non-ukudla, uhlu okuyinto omkhulu, kungenziwa zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu ngokusho criteria ehlukahlukene. Ngokomlando ngezigaba izimpahla zihlukaniswa kwezomnotho, ukukhucululwa kwendle, izingubo, ukwakhiwa, ifenisha, okhaphethi, hardware, amathuluzi, electrical kanye izinto zasendlini, izingubo nezicathulo, izindwangu, imikhiqizo zokuhloba namawashi, izinto zokubhala, umculo kanye nezimpahla ngaphansi kwazo, ezemidlalo, izincwadi kanye izindaba.

Ngu imvamisa okufunekayo izici zayo ahlukanisa impahla nsuku zonke futhi ekhethekile, kanye nesidingo ishayela. imikhiqizo non-ukudla zingahlukaniswa zibe imfashini, ngezinkathi ezithile zonyaka futhi ahlobene. Ngu aphoyintimenti ukuhlukanisa imikhiqizo ebanzi zisebenzisa nangezinjongo ezimbonini. Zonke lezi ngeengaba babe empambana futhi kungenzeka yonkhe ezihlukahlukene izinto ezingewona ukudla.

isigaba

Ukuze kube lula futhi isabelo ocacile kwezimpahla ezithile emaqenjini athile ke lakhiwe ngezigaba kwezomnotho kanye kwezibalo, lapho basuke basakaza phezu imikhakha ezibanzi.

Yonke imikhiqizo non-ukudla, uhlu okuyinto cishe awapheli, zihlukaniswe amaqembu ngokwenjongo zabo, ukubunjwa, izici. Amanndla linikeza uhlelo eziyinkimbinkimbi esephepheni amaqembu kanye ukuzisebenzisa kungenziwa kuphela ochwepheshe-merchandisers. Ngezinhloso ukuqeqeshwa esigabeni lula lakhiwe, okuyinto kabanzi ngenxa lula yayo kanye degree kuqhathaniswa eliphezulu ezihlukahlukene zokusisebenzisa. Kulindeleke ukwabiwa 9 lezimpahla izakhiwo ezinkulu:

- Household izimpahla. Ngenxa yalesi impahla zihlanganisa ingilazi, ngobumba, plastic kanye nemikhiqizo ingilazi (izinto, izinto zokwakha, amathuluzi, njll), kanye amakhemikhali zasendlini kanye ifenisha.

- Amafutha kanye uwoyela imikhiqizo.

- izingubo nezicathulo imikhiqizo, kuhlanganise noboya.

- Perfume nobuhle imikhiqizo.

- Jewellery.

- Fancy izimpahla (izikhwama, wallets, amakamu, amabhande, izibopho).

- Imishini kagesi (zasendlini, ukukhanyisa, isitoreji ukudla).

- Cultural lasezindlini (amathelevishini, zomculo, amabhuku, zemidlalo imishini, amawashi, izimoto, amakhamera, amafoni).

- Izihloko abathengisa kwezobuciko.

ngokucacile

Izici imikhiqizo non-ukudla aqukethe e yokuthi ngokuvamile zidinga isitoreji kanye zokuhamba izimo ezikhethekile. Kodwa imikhiqizo non-ukudla - ngokuvamile izinto yinkimbinkimbi eliphezulu noma ingozi. Ngakho-ke, ingxenye edinga ukuqeqeshwa okukhethekile e-operation, ngakho abathengi kudingeka bafundise ukusetshenziswa kwezimpahla ezifana - lena ngokucacile yabo. Ngakho-ke, kukhona imithetho ekhethekile ekuhloleni izinga yokuthengisa izinto ezingewona ukudla.

Umqondo izinga imikhiqizo non-ukudla

Izici kwezimpahla ze-non-ukudla zenziwa ngendlela sokukhiqizwa kwayo, ukuthenga kanye ukusetshenziswa. Phakathi ukusebenza izinto nemishini libonisa izindawo zabo, okuyinto kuhlolwa izinga layo nokuthi uyenza.

imikhiqizo non-ukudla, uhlu okuhlanganisa ezihlukahlukene izihloko, kusukela Combs ezimotweni lapho ungenalo ezivamile nenqubo ukuhlola izinga ngenxa enemisebenzi zabo eziphakemeyo. Izakhiwo ngayinye isigaba kwezimpahla kulawulwa amazinga isimo neziqondiso lobuchwepheshe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo nokungahambisani izinga nezimfuno obubonisa kuphela esebenzisa luhlolo. Olwenziwe kuhlola nokusetshenziswa yalezi zindlela ezilandelayo:

- sezinzwa, ie, luhlolo lwangaphandle ngosizo uchwepheshe emizimbeni izinzwa; ..

- ukubhaliswa, futhi lokukhokhisa ithuluzi, okuvumela ukuhlola ubunjalo bomzimba futhi amakhemikhali umkhiqizo;

- sanitary-chemical;

- microbiological kanye nezemvelo.

Futhi, indlela isazi izingxoxo ukuhlola izindawo yobuhle umkhiqizo.

Umthengi izakhiwo imikhiqizo non-ukudla

Uma ukuthenga noma yimuphi umkhiqizo ikhasimende akasebenzisi izindlela eziqondile kokuhlaziywa, futhi bazisekela owukhethayo zabo ku kokuhlaziywa kwamathenda impahla yayo. Yiqiniso, sihluke kakhulu ngoba izigaba ezahlukene imikhiqizo. Ngakho, izinto zemidlalo umthengi ekhetha imingcele ngempela ehlukile kunaleyo isiqandisi entsha. Kodwa kukhona jikelele umthengi izici, evame ukubuzwa yibo bonke imikhiqizo non-ukudla. Lezi zihlanganisa:

- Ukuvikeleka. Izimpahla kumele, ngokuhambisana standard ukuba akhonze kwihlandla isilungisiwe. Umthengi izitshela ukuthi wonke umkhiqizo izothatha isikhathi esithile, ezifana isiqandisi - iminyaka engu-10, futhi amateki - iminyaka 2.

- Ezokuphepha. Lezi zimpahla kumele esakhiwe ngezinto imvelo.

- Ergonomics. Izimpahla kumele udale umuzwa induduzo lula umthengi.

- izakhiwo Physical futhi lobuchwepheshe. Umthengi kunesithembiso indlela okwenza ngayo lokhu ekuhloleni isimo lezimpahla kanye nekhono layo imisebenzi eshiwo.

- Aesthetics. Umthengi ngesisekelo Imibono yabo ubuhle izilinganiso le lezimpahla sibalo.

- Maintainability. Ngokuthenga inqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi noma esetshenziswa imoto, umthengi ecabanga ukutholakala kanye intengo ukulungiswa mayelana, uma kunesidingo.

- The image umenzi. Abathengi abaningi bangaphansi kwethonya ukukhangisa bakholelwa ukuthi ezinye izinhlobo bangcono kunabanye, futhi ukhethe imikhiqizo, ukugxila imibono yabo mayelana udumo ukuthembeka umakhi.

Ukuthengwa kanye nokugcinwa

Ukudla Imikhiqizo kukhonjelwe imithetho ehlukene. Basuke kubuswa izidingo upakisha nokuthunyelwa imikhiqizo. imithetho ekhethekile isebenza izinto zintekenteke, ezifana namathelevishini noma ingilazi isitsha sezimbali. Futhi, umthengisi kufanele ahlinzeke imibandela eshiwo wesitoreji kwezimpahla at umswakama lokushisa kwezimo ezithile. Ngokwesibonelo, electronics kudinga ukunamathela esiqinile isitoreji nemingcele. Futhi, esitolo Kumele unikeze inqubo inkonzo efanele: ehholo ukuhweba umthengi siphoqelekile ukuthola umdayisi abanekhono ozimisele ukunikeza iseluleko sawo izakhiwo nemisebenzi umkhiqizo. Ngokwesibonelo, ezuza izimpahla zemidlalo, umthengi kumele baziswe ngenjongo umkhiqizo kanye nemibandela ukusebenza kwawo.

Exchange & Ibuyisa

Ngokungafani ukudla non-ukudla izinto kumelwe abuyiswe futhi banikana. Nakuba zikhona eziningana ukulinganiselwa. Wabuyela kube izingubo, izicathulo, izesekeli (izikhwama, amabhande) uma kwenzeka ukuthi umkhiqizo akezi umthengi ngobukhulu, umbala, isitayela, nokunye. N. Kulokhu, izimpahla akazange ube msebenzi. Zingakapheli izinsuku eziyi-14 kusukela osukwini othenge umthengi ungabuyela izimpahla esitolo ebukhoneni isheke futhi ukuphepha iphakheji, ngaphandle bachaza isizathu ukubuya. Futhi, umsebenzisi Ungashintshanisa umkhiqizo izinga okungafanele umkhiqizo, izidingo ezifanele standard. Uma izinsuku ezingu-14 baye badlula kusukela osukwini othenge, futhi wembula isici ukuba sibe umkhiqizo, lungabuyiselwa noma benana emva luhlolo. Kumelwe ukuthi umonakalo akuzange kudalwe umkhiqizo ngumthengi ngesikhathi ukusetshenziswa.

Izimpahla ukuthi awekho ngaphansi ukubuyela futhi lokushintshisana

Nokho, kukhona imingcele ukubuya futhi exchange. Uhlu imikhiqizo awekho ngaphansi lezo zinqubo, zikhona ezinye izinto okungezona ukudla. Lokhu ubucwebe, ekhemisi imishini nemithi, izinto zasendlini, izindwangu, izitshalo nezilwane, kwamakha izimonyo, izincwadi, isakhiwo kanye izinto kokuqeda.

nemibandela ekhethekile isicelo sokubuyiselwa imali kanye exchange of imikhiqizo ngobuchwepheshe eyinkimbinkimbi. Abakwazi nje ukuletha esitolo, uma ungathandi imibala. Kulokhu, udinga ubuchwepheshe, ke kungaba ku-site ukuhlolwa nomthengisi noma oda inqubo onguchwepheshe. Ukuze ngobuchwepheshe imikhiqizo eziyinkimbinkimbi zihlanganisa izimoto, amakhompyutha, amafriji, imishini yokuwasha, izikebhe kanye yezikebhe, izithuthuthu, tractor.