Izinhlobo ezinkulu yentela

Treasury ngokuphelele kunoma isiphi isimo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi benzani azidingayo inqubo umthamo wemvula njalo, kuyilapho wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi iningi lalezi zindlela imijovo ukuthatha izibopho kwezimali izinhlangano ibhizinisi. Namuhla sikhuluma nzima intela indlela olawula lo msebenzi futhi.

Ingqikithi intela

Ngaphambi siqala cabangela izinhlobo yentela, kudingeka siqonde ngoba ngokwami ngokuyisisekelo imisebenzi kwezimali kunoma isiphi isimo. Iqiniso lokuthi inqubomgomo encumbrance izinhlangano has a isakhiwo kunalokho kuyinkimbinkimbi futhi lezinyathelo ezingokomthetho, imithetho umxhwele.

Lokhu akusona isimanga, ngoba intela - liyithuluzi lwetimali lolumiselwe ngesisekelo ubudlelwane kwezomnotho kunoma yiliphi izwe, kuzo zombili athuthukiswe futhi etholakala indlela sokuthuthuka. Ngakho, umthwalo wezimali kuyinto ingxenye ethile ingcebo kangangokuthi kuhoxiswa evela kumnikazi esivuna isimo. It wenza imisebenzi amandla futhi zokulawula kanye kuyingxenye ebalulekile e kwaqedwa igadle kwezwakala nasezimalini isabelomali. Lesi sakamuva, esikhundleni salokho, uba Regulator of izinqubo zezomnotho obaluleke kakhulu ezweni.

Izinhlobonhlobo umthwalo wezimali

Inqubomgomo ukunqunywa izibopho kuyinto eyinkimbinkimbi futhi multi-egqinsiwe, ngakho uhlelo intela ye Russian Federation (izintela esesikhundleni mayelana kweshumi eziningana) ihlukaniswa ngokweminyaka inani izici. Ngokusho ezingeni inqubomgomo yentela :

• State (federal) Umthwalo: yasakazwa kulo lonke ensimini Russian Federation abophe e yisiphi isifunda;
• Regional: kulawulwa Tax Code futhi ngamazinga angefani intela kanye izimo kuncike izici zesifunda;
• umthwalo wasekhaya: ithuluzi ubuyise isabelomali igadle kwezwakala nasezimalini bemvelo bendawo.

Futhi, intela lihlukaniswe kuye ngenhloso nokuqaliswa kwalo futhi kungaba:

• abstract (lwenteke kulamazinga lalandzelako: obshchepravovoj isisekelo);
• ekhethekile (yethulwa ukuze ubuyise yengcebo isimo esithile, okuhloswe ecacile).

I Ukwakheka kohlelo intela

isimo ngasinye sinezici ehlukile inqubomgomo okuqhubekayo kwezimali, ngakho wonke izinhlobo ezweni yentela kuyahlukahluka bodwa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kukhona amazwe ukuthi uphathe ubuyise isabelomali sabo igadle kwezwakala nasezimalini eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ekuqaleni shazi ngendlela. Konke lokhu kuncike eziningi ubuqili, kuhlanganise izimo zomlando.

Uhlelo yentela ngokunembile wonke umqondo walo banal kakhulu iqoqo izenzo normative-zomthetho, okuyinto lokulawula inqubo, ububanzi kanye nesakhiwo ukunqunywa umthwalo wezimali, kanye uhlu izinyathelo kanye nezinhlawulo abangahambisani nawo. Konke lokhu kungenxa e ekusebenzelaneni kwabo kuyinto indlela omkhulu, okuyinto ngesisekelo ubudlelwane kwezomnotho kwanoma yiliphi ilizwe.

Izimiso kumiswa izinhlelo kwezimali

Izinhlobo yentela ihluke nomunye kuye ezombusazwe sangaphakathi ezweni elithile sika. Ngaphansi nomqondo isimiso kuleli cala, udela imigomo eyisisekelo nemibono kute bakwati ulungise imisebenzi kwezimali uhulumeni. Kuhlelo intela, bahlukene zibe kwezomnotho, lwenhlangano zomthetho.

Lo mqeqeshi owake wapheka zihlanganisa ukulingana, tjhatjhalazi, ukungabi khona ukuphula umthetho kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo, abheke ukuthi kungenzeka futhi into esemqoka - lula. Lokhu kusho ukuthi inqubomgomo yentela isebenza kubo bonke abakhokhi bentela ngokulinganayo, kungakhathaliseki isimo sabo emphakathini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngamunye uyaqonda ukuthi aholele isabelomali, futhi wabahlulela ngezinga elingakanani lezi zimali icala nalo.

Yenhlangano encompasses ububanzi esifike ngesikhathi futhi njalo ezibophweni esimweni. Legal kulawulwa imithetho.

Indima ohlelweni lwentela State

Naphezu ubuntu babo, engenawo umsebenzi ofanayo emhlabeni wonke izinhlobo ezinkulu yentela:

1. Lo msuka yomsebenzi wezomnotho ngokuyinhloko indlela ehlelekile ukuxhumana phakathi kwezikhungo zikahulumeni kanye lebhizinisi (ezimweni ezithile - umuntu wemvelo).
2. Ngesikhathi esifanayo izinhlobo ezahlukene yentela ilizwe ngokulinganayo ichaze indima izibopho kwabezindaba isabelomali: zingabantu isici esibalulekile e ukwakheka igadle kwezwakala nasezimalini isabelomali.
3. Umsebenzi kwezomnotho mshini kwezimali kuyinto ukulawulwa notshwala yasekhaya zezimali yezwe ngubani ukucacisa inhlalakahle jikelele emphakathini.
4. Futhi okokugcina - umsebenzi utshalomali eqala ukunakekelwa isimo esizayo yinqubomgomo abanekhono yentela.

Uhlelo amalevi sezimali Russian Federation

Kunzima ukuba sihlaziye inqubomgomo yentela wezwe lakithi. Nakuba, uma kuphela ngoba isimo kwakungenele eminyakeni engaphezu kwamashumi amabili ukusungulwa izibopho ecacile futhi ephoqelela mshini lokukhokha, ngakho izinhlobo yentela e Russian Federation zishintshile izikhathi eziningana.

Namuhla singasho ukuthi inqubo yethu umthamo wemvula ongenawo control eqinile futhi ecacile, nakuba bezikhali sisekhona. Ngokuphathelene nalokhu kwesibili, liye kwi-izenzo qualitatively evuthiwe zomthetho nezokulawula, ukutholakala izinzuzo indlela siqu payers. Futhi bangase ziphumelele, kodwa lokhu akwenzekanga ngenxa yokubakhona kwakha isimiso esiyinkimbinkimbi zokuphatha kuleli zwe futhi ezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu of ubushiqela.

Uhlelo intela, izinhlobo ezinkulu izintela e-United States

Uhulumeni weMelika amakhulu amaningi eminyaka ngempumelelo ithobela inqubomgomo ukuxegiswa, okuyinto yaba isisekelo sezinguqulo ubudlelwane emakethe esimweni. Lokhu kusho ukuthi indlela kohlelo intela kuleli zwe futhi yimpumelelo futhi usebenza njengomfula iwashi.

Ngenxa ezingeni eliphezulu izinzuzo, kanye nobuqotho bukaJesu kwaze kwaba inqubo ukwehla kwentengo ezimpahleni ezingasuki phansi (futhi ngokwenza kanjalo walenza kungenzeka ukunciphisa inzuzo), utshalomali igadle kwezwakala nasezimalini kwezimali esungulwe ngokucacile.

Esikhathini usasebenza, baseMelika anesibopho ukusetha inamba kwezintela ezinkulu:

• iqoqo kwezimali yokuthengisa;
• izibopho engenayo;
• izimali ukuze izimali zomshwalense wezenhlalo;
• umthwalo wasekhaya kumsebenzi ibhizinisi (osebenza esimweni ngayinye).

Izinhlobo yentela e-Europe

indlela Western Europe kwenqubomgomo kwezimali kuyinto qualitatively ezahlukene kusukela kwamukelwa kabanzi imikhuba omhlaba. Okungenani yokuthi nguye olandelanayo kakhulu maqondana intela abathwali ubhale izinkinga ezihilelekile.

Ngokwesibonelo, eFrance azikho amaholide intela futhi zonke izinhlobo izinzuzo, kodwa uhulumeni uqotho ukusetshenziswa izinhlangano zebhizinisi yashesha ukwehla amazinga. Izinga encishisiwe kusebenza umthwalo wezimali izinkampani ukuthi aye ayisebenzisa kaningi umsebenzi ngokwesayensi egumbini lokuhlinza.

Kodwa inqubomgomo yentela German kuyahluka isithakazelo ephakeme ku okubhekene. Ngezinye izikhathi imali yentela kufika ku-50% yezinhlobo ezithile imisebenzi. Kulokhu, izinhlawulo for okungathobeli izenzo zomthetho nje ukufinyelela esemkhathini. Nokho, isimo sengqondo yaseYurophu yokuthi osomabhizinisi bendawo, lokhu akusho okwesabisa, ngakho lo mshini yengcebo replenishment is kushintshwe lolungenamaphutsa.