Izici wesifunda, imodi wokusebenza futhi idivayisi DC generator

ugesi inkathi kwaqala kudala, futhi ambalwa eminyaka siye sashintsha ngokuphelele indlela yethu yokuphila. Qalaza, nomaphi lapho iso uwela, qiniseka ukuthi uzakubona isibonakaliso esithile izinto zikagesi. Abantu bajwayele kangaka imishini ezahlukene ukuthi enze ngabo cishe wonke umsebenzi ephakama inkohliso, nakuba kuye kwaba njalo. Kodwa bheka ngemuva umgubuzelo efihla kithi abangane kagesi inqubo ukuphila. Ake isimiso kanye generator kudivayisi DC.

Umlando omncane

Ugesi wawukubona amaGreki asendulo. Kuye impahla amber waphawula ukuheha izinhlayiya ezahlukene. Abantu babecabanga ukuthi lokhu uzibuthe esivela resin. Kodwa kamuva waqaphela ikhono kanye nezinye izinto ukuthola uzibuthe. Ngokwesibonelo, ingilazi by bezihlikihla zaziphathisa ukuheha izakhi ezincane: izinhlayiya iphepha, uthuli nezinwele. Ngakho-ke kwaba sobala ukuthi umphumela kazibuthe kubangelwa abanye umthetho.

Ngemva kwalokho, ekhulwini XVIII, sibonelo we epholisayo yesimanje, christened ngegama umsunguli "Leyden imbiza" sidaliwe. Le ndlela yokwenza elula uyakwazi buthelela kube necala, ngaleso sikhathi kubhekwe uhlobo ketshezi, ayegcwele umzimba okuqinile futhi ukwazi ukuthi kuqhamuke umzimba eyodwa kuya kwenye ngesilinganiso ezimangalisayo - I-amakhilomitha ambalwa ngezindlela ingxenyenamba imizuzwana.

Lapho i-athomu uvulekele futhi izingxenye zalo futhi electron core, zonke kwaqala ukuhamba kahle. Abantu baye baqonda ukuthi electron futhi amacala ukudala ezifana izenzakalo ofuna ukuphumela obala like esithweni kagesi. Kodwa ngesikhathi amacala ezimile kuphela. Kusukela ucwaningo Faraday futhi Oersted kuvela ugesi esiwaziyo namuhla. Basungula kusakhiwo generator DC, idivayisi iphinde Umgomo we operation isekelwe mkhuba le electromotive amandla EMF.

Ugesi amandla ukunyakaza

Njengoba imifula yamanzi ushayela Luhambo zomhlaba, njengoba izinhlayiya icala e umqhubi kubangela hlwaya le EMF. La mandla enza umzimba ihlobene eduze izenzakalo kazibuthe, okungukuthi, lapho kuphela ushintsha ecucuza eyenziwe uzibuthe. EMF uyakwazi ukusebenza kuphela endabeni, lapho uhlale etholakala khona amacala khulula. Izinsimbi babe lokhu impahla, kanye brine.

EMF mkhulu ngokushesha eshintsha ukushuba amagagasi kagesi. Njengoba yaziwa, kukazibuthe has izigxobo ezimbili ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ngokuhambisana isiqondiso lapho ukugeleza kuyahlukahluka ngenhlonipho siyinikeze umqhubi, lamanje ogeleza umqhubi kwelinye noma kwenye indawo. amacala emihle nemibi phakathi kwabo ukwakha inkambu amandla esiwabiza ngokuthi ukucindezeleka, kuba kulapho, kulapho Imininingwane icala zikagesi we polarity efanayo.

Uyini umshini wokuphehla ugesi?

Design noma umshini elingase ukuguqula yimaphi amandla mechanical ibe amandla kagesi ibizwa ngokuthi ugesi generator. kudivayisi Isimiso futhi DC generator elihlobene ne uzibuthe. Uma uthatha le uzibuthe unomphela niwele insimu yakhe ukungezwani umqhubi, lona wamuva livela ibutho iphoqa ukuhambisa kwelinye direction, izinhlayiya icala - kukhona samanje. Kungokufanayo kuyokwenzeka umqhubi umile futhi ukhange ezihambayo.

Ucwaningo, ososayensi bathola ukuthi ubukhulu wamanje kakhulu, kulapho:

• Yokucucuza kazibuthe phakathi izinti kukazibuthe.
• isivinini Ukunqamula imigqa ukungezwani.
• Ubude izintambo zamanje esithwele.

Uma umqhubi idluliswa parallel ukuthi kukhona ekusakazeni ke lokungeniswa it is hhayi waphawula. Kule etholakala umthetho sesandla sakhe sokunene, okuyinto kusisiza ukuba siqonde isiqondiso lapho notshwala zamanje. Lapho indawo ngakwesokudla ingxenye yomzimba ngesandla sakhe ukuze kufakwe bahla- imigqa yamandla kazibuthe omhlaba kanye umunwe esikhulu wayengaphambi izimisele wamkhomba lapho kukhona ukunyakaza umqhubi, asele iminwe ezine sizobonisa indlela yamanje. Imagnethi ezinyakazayo Vector ensimini iqondiswa ukusuka enyakatho kuya eningizimu.

Isikimu generator aphansi

Isimiso kanye nohlobo elula kudivayisi DC generator okulandelayo: Uhlaka yazalwa zamanje Umqhubi impahla zifakwa ungene oluvala amasondo futhi ukhiqiza Ukujikeleza phakathi izigxobo uzibuthe. Ngasinye ekupheleni khulula ifreyimu ixhunywe contact yayo, nokuba arcuate ipuleti hlobo. oxhumana Ndawonye bakha umbuthano ziyimfucumfucu amaphuzu amabili (ngalendoda). Laba oxhumana ongaphambili omise ezithathekayo uxhumeke ku conductive emabhulashini entwasahlobo-ukulayishwa. Bathatha off wamanje.

Ngo luhlaka isikhala maqondana oxhumana ngamakhasimende ukuze empambana uhhafu ngamunye inani layo esiphezulu ekucucuzeni kazibuthe we izingxenye shayela on the oxhumana zivaliwe. Lapho izakhi kohlaka kukhona esigabeni ukunyakaza kanye imizila - ibhulashi othintana nabo ivulekile ne ngalendoda.

Uma uxhuma oscilloscope, ubonakala ukuthi DC generator apharathasi begodu Umgomo we operation yokuthi okukhiphayo le kushintshana isigamu-amagagasi isendaweni eyodwa ohlangothini Ukudidiyela nokushintsha inani layo kusukela zero aphakeme futhi emuva zero. ukuvama kwazo ukuphindaphinda kuncike ijubane ukujikeleza uzimele. Lokhu kusho ukuthi samanje isimiso esinjalo ihamba kwelinye direction (a njalo), kodwa uhlobo ejabhile.

Umgomo we operation futhi idivayisi DC generator

Real njalo generator zamanje kuhlelwe more xaka, nakuba isimiso ukusebenza kwawo kuyafana okuxoxwe ngawo ngenhla. Kunokuba kube Uhlaka kanye pair of oxhumana semi isiyingi anakho amaningi Ububanzi ngalendoda oxhumana. Lokhu okokuqala ngcono umthamo womshini enjalo, futhi okwesibili, smoothes wamanje yezwakala, kusukela kwelinye ipulangwe kudala wave nengxenye lapho, ukwakha omunye komunye esebumba zamanje Imininingwane. uhlelo ezinjalo ujikelezisa owayemuhle wayebizwa ngokuthi ihange noma Rotor.

uzibuthe njini futhi ilungiswe. indima yakhe wenziwa i electromagnet ehlanganisa ikhoyili core. Njengoba isebenzisa uzibuthe, ungakha ecucuza esikhulu kazibuthe, okuyinto ezingaphezu kwamandla omuntu a DC ezivamile. Ngaphandle ngobungako ukugeleza kungashintshwa kalula. Engaguquki ingxenye okuthiwa stator generator.

Kuye mode yokusebenza umshini phakathi ukujikeleza shaft, phakathi stator futhi Rotor yathi izinqubo ezilandelayo:

1. Ngu generator ayixhunyiwe umthwalo. Endabeni operation ezifana esisodwa armature ukhiqiza Ukujikeleza therein EMF unxenxwa, kodwa akukho samanje emazombezombe, kusukela wesifunda ayivaliwe.
2. DC ugesi, eyenza idivayisi wesifunda ixhunywe wesifunda esebenza ikumodi umthwalo. Kulokhu, lo armature notshwala zamanje futhi kukhona ingxenye entsha - yokucucuza kazibuthe eyenziwe armature (armature ukuphendula). Lokhu kusakaza ihamba ngendlela isiqondiso ukuthi uphikisa imigca amandla eyenziwe i electromagnet. Ngenxa yalokho, i-EMF yangempela zizoba ngaphansi, okusho ukuthi amandla generator kuyehla. Futhi mkhulu umthwalo generator, amandla ngaphezulu okunikezwa ekunqobeni ukusabela armature lapho shaft uzungeza.

Ukuze iwukudambisa armature ecucuza magnetic circuit Rotor iqondiswa okuthiwa Windings compensatory okuyinto ukukhiqiza ecucuza enozibuthe buthakathaka ukusabela armature.

Izinhlobo ugesi okuyinto ukukhiqiza njalo ugesi

Isimiso futhi DC kudivayisi ugesi kuhluke ukusebenza ukushayela wesifunda. Ziyakwazi:

• Magnetoelectric. I odonsa unomphela asetshenziselwa ukwakha yokucucuza kazibuthe. imishini enjalo amandla ngokuvamile ongaphakeme, abe nekghono eliphezulu njengoba kungekho ukulahlekelwa excitation ku Windings. Ububi amadivayisi eyinkimbinkimbi elawulwa.
• Kwafika ama-generator ne ezimele drive wesifunda. Le divayisi ngoba emazombezombe electromagnets anikwe amandla zangaphandle ugesi: ibhethri noma generator.
• A self-ujabule DC ugesi. Amadivayisi anjalo ukondla electromagnets ku ihange zabo ezifanayo. Isimo main self-excitation kuyinto ecucuza asalile. Isimiso Umklamo isenzo ugesi kanye icebo ukufakwa kwabo kuyinto Compounding, shunt futhi seriesnoy.

Umgomo we operation generator kanye nedivayisi ye motor kagesi

reversibility imishini kagesi isimiso sithi noma yimuphi motor zingaphendulwa zibe yizindawo yokuhlanganela generator, noHezekeli. Phela, zombili lezi amadivaysi ukusebenzisa lokungeniswa EMF njengoba isisekelo umsebenzi wabo. Kuphela motor ukuze Rotor ihlinzekwa kagesi, okuyinto ukudala ecucuza kazibuthe wacasulwa izingongolo stator uzibuthe, okwenza ukunyakaza ukujikeleza.

Uma kushaft motor ukujikisa ngesivinini ezithile Windings we armature eyenga EMF uzoqala ukuba kugeleze futhi wamanje lokungeniswa. Kunomkhawulo kuphela ukushuba we izintambo we armature emazombezombe. Lapho wire elincanyana, bese uthola amandla amaningi kusuka ezifana generator ngeke zisebenze.

Lapho wathola ukusetshenziswa umthombo njalo wamanje?

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ugesi njalo ingatholakala ekulungiseni AC, kusetshenziswa kakhulu generator zamanje ngqo. Umgomo we operation, phezu kwengungu umshini ezinjalo azinakusilela Izigayo steel, e ephezulu amandla izitshalo aluminium smelter. Esikhathini ezokuthutha umkhakha amayunithi usebenze amakhanda zikagesi, ngesitimu imikhumbi. Ukuze banikeze Windings okuthakazelisayo of alternators ezitshalweni amandla futhi imithombo ewusizo DC. Ukusetshenziswa ekhaya ugesi yakhelwe njalo zamanje. Bona kungabonwa emabhayisikili, lapho zidla khona izibani ukhanyisa.

isiphetho

polarity njalo ugesi zamanje ezinhle ukuthi zingakwazi ukukhiqiza ugesi ngesivinini ezahlukene ukujikeleza. Abadingi ukumelana imvamisa eqondile, ezifana, isibonelo, AC generator, lapho kufanele 50 Hz. Lezi Imishini elula kakhulu ukusebenzisa imithombo njengoba okunye kagesi, ezifana emoyeni ugesi.