Isihloli Polar uPetru Freih: Biography, ukuphila siqu, okwatholwa amaqiniso athakazelisayo

Peter Lorenz Edfred Freih (02.02.1886-02.09.1957) - Umhloli wamazwe Danish Arctic, umlobi wezincwadi eziningi, oyisazi nentatheli. Umlando wakhe, ukuphila kwakhe siqu kanye nohambo uzobe anikezelwe athikili yethu. Abaningi emphilweni uPetru Freih elihlobene ne-Soviet Union. Yena wavakashela eRussia futhi bahlanganyela mikhankaso ukuba ukuthuthukiswa Arctic. Wabuye wabambisana eSoviet wabahloli polar. Futhi esikwaziyo ngempilo yakhe yangasese? Bathi wayehlala Greenland, ngisho wathatha umfazi Eskimo? Esikhathini izithombe Arctic wamazwe ifana giant yangempela. Ikakhulukazi endaweni nomkakhe Petite. Kuyini - ukushiyeka izithombe Retro noma Freih ngempela ukuhlupheka gigantism? Ziphi uye ebhaliwe? Can abakufunda ngomuntu ongenakho okuhlangenwe nakho kuleli amagama esayensi? Konke lokhu, kuzoxoxwa ngakho kulesi sihloko.

Biography, ekuqaleni isihambi umsebenzi

Peter Freyhen wazalwa edolobheni Nykøbing, Denmark, February 2, 1886. Abazali bakhe Benzon Lorenz futhi Anna Petrina Frederikka (Nee Rasmussen). Boy kusuka ebuntwaneni wakhangwa olwandle uqobo. Mhlawumbe abathintekayo izakhi zofuzo Viking. Kodwa le nsizwa iziqu University, "kolimi". Lokhu kwamsiza kamuva ukuba abe edumile njengoba nesazi intatheli. Ngo-1906, lapho ngasebenza kwabosizo lokuqala amalungu uhambo, futhi kanjalo, ukuze 1908 wafunda Greenland. Kodwa lapho ebuyela ekhaya futhi akazange ayeke ukuphupha eNyakatho Ekude. Ngo-1910, yena lomngane esifubeni sakhe, omunye umhloli wamazwe polar uKnud Rasmussen eyasungulwa esiteshini-Thule zokuhweba. Waphila phakathi Eskimo kusuka 1913 kuya ku-1919. Kamuva waba ilungu olunye uhambo, okuyinto kwaba ibalazwe eningiliziwe Greenland (1921-1924 GG.).

umndeni

On ukuphila komuntu isihloli polar eyaziwa ukuthi eseshadile kathathu. Okokuqala empeleni igana Eskimo okuthiwa Navarana Mekupaluk. Wamzalela umyeni wakhe indodana Mekusaka Avataka Igimakssusuktoranguapaluka nendodakazi Pipaluk Jette Tukuminguak Kasaluk Palika Hager. Lo mshado eyathatha iminyaka eyishumi (kusuka 1911 kuya 1921), ngenkathi Navarana wabulawa 'umkhuhlane waseSpain "- umqedazwe esabekayo Umkhuhlane, okuyinto bakhangwa zinengxenye womuntu omkhulu eNtshonalanga Yurophu naseNyakatho Melika. Isikhathi yesibili kaPetru Freih washada ngo-1924 e Magdalena Vang Lauridsen. Kodwa lo mbhangqwana kangangokuthi wanquma isehlukaniso ngo-1944. Ekugcineni, ngo-1945, umhloli wamazwe polar exhumene Isiphelo sakhe nge Dagmar Kohno (1907-1991). Abazukulu Freih, inuite (Eskimo) UPetru, siyazi ukuthi wakhethwa imeya Nuantsinaka eCanada kusukela ngo-1979 kuya ku-1984.

Life eGreenland. Kumila esiteshini Tula

Uma Greenland wavakashela, Freih ngeke ukwazi ukuphila ngaphandle-ke isiqhingi esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Wabuyela khona ngo-1910 futhi unomphela exhumene Isiphelo sakhe nabantu bomdabu, le Inuit. Ndawonye nomunye wamazwe polar, uKnud Rasmussen, Freih eyasungulwa Tula. igama layo, lesi sitshalo okuvela Ultima Thule - enyakatho lento yeposi. Tula kwaba base uhambo abaningi. Yena njalo bahlala kusukela 1913 kuya ku-1919, UPeter nomkakhe Freih, Navarana. wabahloli Polar wenza forays ngokugqamile phakathi nezwe, kabili sawela Greenland ngu inja isihlibhi. Ubude kusukela ngo-1912 kuya ku-1933 kwenziwa mikhankaso enjalo eziyisikhombisa.

Yini nguPetru Freih: ubude nesisindo

Ngo-1958, Denmark wanyathelisa incwadi zezinkumbulo ngalokhu wamazwe emangalisayo polar. Umbhali wayo kuyindodakazi ukuba ibuye emshadweni wayo Pipaluk lokuqala, Uvdluriak Inuterssuak umzalwane Navarany, Niels Bohr, umklomelo kaNobel, nabanye. "The Book of Freyhene" egcwele amazwi efudumele wabahloli bamazwe abanesibindi polar, ngubani exhumene isiphetho sabo nazo zonke Inuit, ngisho baganiselana nabo. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, lokho wabuza lo mbuzo ukukhula kule ndoda esiyingqayizivele. Phela, isithombe ubudala, elibonisa wamazwe polar uPetru Freih nomkakhe, unjani giant yangempela. Kodwa lo mphumela kufinyelelwa ngenxa miniaturization ngumkayo Dagmar (nee Gale).

Nakuba Freih, njengoba besho ngakho, Kwabamaziyo, wayemude, indoda eyakhelwe enamandla. Ngisho Thor Heyerdahl, akayena onesiqu esifushane, uvele umxhwele esikusize ngendlela umzimba wakhe. Kodwa leli qhawe akazange asebenzise amandla akhe okubi. Wayaziwa njengoba umuntu dobrogoi kakhulu nozwela, njalo eza ukusiza ababuthakathaka. Abaningi abhekisela kuso ngokuthi umvikeli wamalungelo wobuntu. Phela, ukuthi walwa impilo engcono ngokuba abantu bomdabu eNyakatho Ekude. Kusukela emakhasini "Encwadi Freyhene" sibhekene umfanekiso umcwaningi, umlobi abanamakhono futhi sezifundo.

Izifundo kwamanye amazwe

Greenland Yizwe ngamaphupho akhe. Kodwa isimo ngokhahlo nezinye izindawo eNyakatho Ekude makeze hhayi ngebutho ezincane. Wathatha ithuba, futhi lapho baseMelika banquma ukwenza documentary ubuhle bemvelo Alaska, ephethwe lokhu uhambo ifilimu. Peter Freih wavakashela Hudson. Kamuva wahamba eya ezindaweni kakhulu enyakatho yeSweden (eLapland) naseNorway. Ngo-1935, umhloli wamazwe Arctic unqume ukushintsha nesikhathi kweqhwa elimboze izindawo ezibandayo phezu sezulu amathafa kanye le njongo waya eNingizimu Afrika. Wabuye bayihamba amazwekazi aseNyakatho naseNingizimu Melika. Kodwa ngaphezu kwakho konke yakuthanda kwaba ezinzima imvelo enyakatho. Ngo-1928 nango-1937 kokuba yingxenye mikhankaso ezimbili Soviet, ezazigcwele e-Arctic laseSiberia. Yena wayenobuhlobo obuqinile Academician Shmidtom O. Yu. Ukwazi lutho ngesizinda sale umbuso uStalin kanye Gulag, Danish polar banamathela ukubukwa uyiphupho iSoviet Union ngamandla amakhulu.

IMpi Yezwe II

Ngalesi sikhathi esibi, lapho-Europe wakhukhuleka nobuNazi, uPetru Freih, obude bakhe eziyisithupha izinyawo eziyisikhombisa amayintshi, akakwazanga ukuhlala kude mcimbi. Waphindela ekhaya eDenmark, kwase waba ilungu elishisekayo ukunyakaza ukumelana. Kodwa ngaleso sikhathi wayelahlekelwe umlenze (ngenxa frostbite ngo-1926). Freih obala wavuma ukuthi - umJuda, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kwakunzima, angizisoli nje ukuzwa ezinye uhlobo Maxim anti-lwamaSemite. Ekugcineni lathunjwa amaNazi futhi isigwebo sokufa ngokungafanele. Kodwa lo mhloli wamazwe abanesibindi polar wakwazi ukubaleka ekuthunjweni. Ekuqaleni ayecashe Sweden bese wathuthela e-United States. Ngemva Okwesibili kweMpi Yezwe Freih ubuyela Greenland yakhe ethandekayo, kuya Inuit ulimi, amasiko nemikhuba zazo wayazi. Wanderlust ungalokothi umyeke kwaze kwaba sekufeni kwakhe. Yebo, wafa isihambi adumile e-September 1957, ngemuva kokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo esikhumulweni sezindiza Elmendorf, Alaska, eseneminyaka undize uye Greenland. Wayeneminyaka engamashumi ayisikhombisa nanye. Isidumbu sayo bangcwatshwa emhlabeni kuyena - eduze esiteshini Thule eGreenland. Eminyakeni yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe nomkakhe Dagmar wayehlala eNew York noma endlini yakho yesibili e Noanke (CT).

Biography futhi umbhali wencwadi ethi

Freih uPetru waziwa hhayi kuphela ucwaningo yayo polar. Wabuye wabhala izincwadi. Futhi akusiwona nje ngemisebenzi yesayensi, ema-eseyi, amanoveli kanye emadokhumenthari, kodwa futhi isebenza eqanjiwe - tindzaba letimfisha, nemidlalo kanye amanoveli. Ngeshwa, ngesiRashiya yashicilelwa ezintathu imisebenzi yakhe kuphela. Lokhu inoveli "ubusha bami Greenland" futhi "umzingeli okukhulu." Enye indaba oluxube okukhuluma - "St John sika wort Melville Bay." Ukuvula emakhasini le ncwadi, sibona umfanekiso, umuntu ezithakazelisayo friendly, bayahlonishwa ngamunye ngezimfanelo zakhe zokuziphatha futhi ngokomzimba. Abangane basondela kuye, futhi uyayihlonipha abanye, kungakhathaliseki ibala lesikhumba. Lokhu polar wazama ukusiza noma ubani usenkingeni. "Wort iSt John sika Bay Melville" - ingoma kuya Inuit abantu abahlala ngaphansi kwezimo ezinzima futhi iyingozi esiqhingini, cishe ngokuphelele ucindezelwe yiqhwa igobolondo. Incwadi iyingxenye ebalulekile lelandzisako Amatilosi aseYurophu futhi whalers. Ekuhambeleni kaPetru Freih yesibili ingafundwa encwadini "laseSiberia nokuzidela" eSoviet Union. ezintathu Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa nje ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe, okuyinto eyenzeka ngo-September 2, 1957, umlobi iqede umsebenzi yemibhalo yesandla ye-"egwalweni Oceans Eziyisikhombisa."

Okunye imisebenzi

isihloli Polar uPetru Freih iminyaka eminingi wayeyilungu emiphakathini eminingi ezindawo emazweni ahlukahlukene emhlabeni. Bonke bakwazisa umnikelo wakhe elingenakuphikwa ekutadisheni-Arctic. Phakathi amakilabhu ezinkulu nezidumile angase akhulume International Society for them. Mark Twain, ilungu zokuhlonipha okwakunzima Freih. Wayeya ngebhasi emhlabeni jikelele umjikelezo ezinkulumo mayelana isiko Inuit. On the kokufaneleka iye esikalini futhi umsebenzi wakhe njengomprofethi umbhali nentatheli. Wayeyilungu elihambisana ye-Arctic Isikhungo Denmark. Eminyakeni embalwa uPetru Freih labetibambile iposi eliphezulu usihlalo we-Union of abalobi izwe lokuzalwa kwakhe. Kumele ukuthi umcwaningi uye wasibonisa kahle yena indima umlingisi. Kaningi wazithola e isimo tinhlelo mayelana nemvelo esibi North. Ekuqaleni, wayehlanganyela kuphela ephelezelwa ifilimu bomkhankaso njengenhlangano umqhubi abanolwazi. Kodwa kamuva yena uthi ikhamera isilungisiwe. Wabuye kumafilimu ambalwa Hollywood.

udumisa

Isihloli abadumile Arctic uPetru Freih lithole imiklomelo eminingi ngomsebenzi wakhe. Wanqoba izindondo zegolide kwedolobha iNhlangano ezemvelo Philadelphia futhi okuthiwa Hans Egede. Naye wanikelwa umklomelo eliphakeme ka uBenjamin Franklin.