Inqolobane Sokhondinsky: sezulu, yezimila nezilwane ezihlukahlukene

Enye yezindawo engcono eRussia Sokhondinsky Reserve, esemgwaqweni South iBaikal. Kuyinto eyisimanga ngoba isimo ehlukile bemvelo zasendle kule ndawo. inqolobane Sokhondinsky Trans-iBaikal Territory ukuze kulondolozwe nokutadisha zilwane sendawo, kanye ukuvikelwa zensimu.

Izinjongo kanye nemisebenzi ye-reserve

I imigomo eyinhloko esiqiwini yilezi:

• Ukuvikelwa zensimu kuyadingeka ngokuyinhloko ukuze alondoloze futhi ukwandisa inani izilwane ezingavamile;
• ekutadisheni imvelo kanye nokuphathwa "Annals";
• ukuqapha kwemvelo endaweni;
• imfundo kwemvelo;
• ukuqeqeshwa lososayensi entsha futhi ochwepheshe emkhakheni lokuvikela imvelo.

Ngenxa yokuthi ingxenye enkulu endaweni cishe hozhena indoda, imvelo aye wasigcina ukubukeka yayo yasekuqaleni. ubuntombi bayo futhi ezithakazelisayo Sokhondinsky Reserve, ukudalulwa kwalo okungahle ayikwazi wathi. Lapha futhi wayevela emifuleni eminingi transbaikalian ezihlobene imicengezi zasePacific izilwandle Arctic.

Umlando omfishane

Kukholakala ukuthi Sokhondinsky Reserve yasungulwa ngo-1973. Ngo-1772, i-trout isifula Sokhondo akhwela Sokolov. Kube uqoqe izitshalo eziningi wabayekela isayensi Russian. Lokhu kwasiza ukuvula eziningi zezinhlanzi sendawo eliyingqayizivele endaweni. Ngemva kwalokho sidluliselwe herbarium sokutadisha usosayensi oyiNgisi. Flora uyabandakanyeka Turchaninov, eqoqwe amaqoqo ezibalulekile. Ngeshwa, amanothi kwesokunxele kanye Umhlaba.

Ngo-1856, lapho kutadishwa nezilwane phezu wezinhlamvu kwesokunxele GI Radde. Waphawula ukuthi kule ndawo kwakukhona eziphakeme esishintshashintshayo eziyisithupha.

Ucwaningo we-Altai-Kyrinskoy nomcengezi Khentey-Chikoyskogo Highlands wahlanganyela UProfesa VI Smirnov. Wabahlanganisela impela herbarium ezinkulu, okuyinto kamuva asuswe Petersburg University futhi wahlala khona, waze esikhathini sethu.

Ngo-1914 ucwaningo of flora wahlanganyela PN Krylov futhi L.P.Sergievskaya, herbaria baye agcwaliswa kwababusi saseTomsk University.

UNESCO esabela isimo inqolobane "Biosphere Reserve" ngo-1985.

izici Physiographic

Lokhu imvelo ihlanganisa Sokhondinsky, Balbasniyskuyu Sopkoyanskuyu futhi loaches. Le ndawo omkhulu. Sam Sokhondinsky Massif has a ubude cishe 20 amakhilomitha, kanti ububanzi amakhilomitha 14. Lonke ndawo isendaweni azungeze we Highlands Henty-Chikoy. Lokhu wezinhlamvu has iziqongo ezimbili: ukuphakama Omkhulu (2500.5 amamitha) Amancane (2404 metres). Dlula phakathi iziqongo kuyinto 2000 amamitha eliphezulu. Engxenyeni eseningizimu-ntshonalanga Massif kuyinto Tsagan-Ula. Nangasentshonalanga reserve Sokhondinsky izungezwe Dzhermaltay-Ingodinsky nokucindezeleka, okungabangelwa idume amanzi alo amaminerali.

Isimo sezulu

Isimo sezulu e Sokhondinsky Reserve ngokucijile ezwekazini. Dry ebusika enesithwathwa kancane. Kuba khona isilinganiso sabangu-January lokushisa zokhahlamba kusuka 22 ° C kuya ku-28 ° C, kuye kokuwa. Nokho, ngezinye vertices ngokwabo ukufinyelela lokususa 50 ° C.

Summer imfushane kakhulu, futhi ngisho nangalesosikhathi kungenziwa simisiwe nge iqhwa elisindayo. Amazinga kugcinwa plus 14 ° C. nyanga yaziwa ngokushisa kakhulu - Julayi. Sekukonke lokushisa - mayelana lokususa 1.9 ° C. Isilinganiso kwezulu yonyaka uwela mayelana 430 mm.

Isimo sezulu kukhona zazinzima kakhulu, kodwa eziningi yezimila nezilwane ezihlukahlukene uzizwa ukhululekile ngokuphelele. inqolobane Sokhondinsky eRussia ingenye yezindawo ezicebe kakhulu kule ezihlukahlukene eziphilayo.

ezincelisayo

Ubunjalo Sokhondinsky indiza esiqiwini esiqokiwe umehluko omkhulu futhi izinga lokushisa, lapho secrete esiningi yezimila nezilwane ezihlukahlukene. Lapha ungathola fox, Sable, Ibhere elinsundu, squirrel, nonogwaja, njll

Phakathi kwezilwane ezithakazelisayo kakhulu kungenziwa kuphawulwe laseSiberia must inyamazane. Lokhu izilwane amancane eziyivulayo ayabulala, ngokubukeka efana njengenyamazane. izici Isici lo muntu: unwele onsundu ngokuphaphathekile noma abe nsundu obukhulu, mncane izinselo abukhali, akukho izimpondo, abesilisa Amazinyo eside athé ngaphansi udebe eliphezulu, kanye nezindlala besisu ezikhiqiza musk. Ikhaya le-izinyamazane must liyabukeka Sokhondinsky Reserve.

Ungaphi yena? Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, esiqiwini imvelo itholakala Southern iBaikal. ESiberia must inyamazane uhlala ezingeni ukuphakama 600-900 amamitha. Yokweqa isilwane esinjalo kakhulu behamba, futhi uyakwazi ushintsho indiza endleleni motion 90 °. It udla ulele eliwumhlaba, uphayini izinaliti fir nemisedari, horsetail nezinye isitshalo ukudla.

On the indawo zingatholakala Ermine - encane, esincelisayo encane ukudoba musteline. isisindo umzimba wabo bonke amabanga yayo kusukela ngo-70 kuya 260g. Anakho nentamo ende, inhloko esingunxantathu nezindlebe encane round. umbala omhlophe ebusika. It feeds sidla amagundane amancane, futhi lukhetha ahlale yedwa. izilwane Sakhiwo delimit uketshezi awo adedelwa kusukela nezindlala. Ermine uhlala ikakhulu Burrows, kodwa akavumelani umbe kubo, wakhetha ukuba luthathe endlini wabulala namagundane. Predator unesibindi kakhulu futhi begazi. Ezimweni ezibucayi, kungaba ukuhlasela futhi indoda, naphezu lingakanani.

I izilwane ezidla ezinye eyingozi kakhulu esiqiwini beyizimpisi obomvu, okungokwendlela ozala canines. Umzimba isilwane nge obuphelele esikhulu 76-110 cm. Isisindo 20 kg. Banezinhliziyo nomlomo emifushane, ephezulu isethi amehlo futhi uqonde izindlebe ezinkulu. Umbala obomvu nge nomsila emnyama. Ukuhlala iphakethe 5 ukuze ngabanye. Esikhathini ukudla namagundane kanye ezidla uhlaza amancane. Nakuba umhlambi omkhulu kungaba azingele abantu ezinkulu. Zaziziningi izilwane akuzona nolaka. Human kugwenywe. Ngenxa yesimo esikhishwe kubo umsindo abizwa ngokuthi "izimpisi ukucula entabeni."

Lezi zilwane ezikhethekile, ngeshwa, yawela Incwadi Red. inqolobane Sokhondinsky lihlala abantu abangaphezu kuka-10 zezilwane ezisebusweni esengozini yokuqothulwa. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ezingxenyeni eziningi endaweni zivaliwe ukuba abantu.

Ngaphandle kwezinto ezibalwe ngenhla, siphawula futhi gophers, woodchucks, amagundane imvukuzane gerbils.

izinyoni

Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-125 imindeni izinyoni. Izakhamuzi ehlathini endaweni izipho ukuphaphatheka nokubanda Okhuphe oluhlala Thrush, esimpunga oatmeal, capercaillie, Buzzard, isikhova Scops Owl. Engxenyeni sezintaba ehlathini zingatholakala ptarmigan, entabeni bulala, Accentor, esondweni laseSiberia, pika nabanye. Eduze amachibi ihlathi impela ezihlukahlukene enkulu izinyoni. Phakathi kwabo crane, abamnyama nonogolantethe, abamnyama-loon Grebe, pochard, coot et al.

inhlanzi

Trout uhlala emifuleni nasemachibini amaningi egeleza amanzi abandayo. Ulwandle engenzi uphume. Ngenxa omkhulu value commercial asele amayunithi ngabanye, ukuze ifakwe ohlwini eNcwadini Red. Hucho - ngobukhulu zinhlobo salmonid umndeni. Kungaba up 2 metres uphinde uthele kancane nesisindo 90 kg. Sibeka amaqanda mayelana 20,000 ngesikhathi.

Omunye umhlali siku umbokwane emanzini angenawo usawoti. Umzimba eside, roundish, singatsheki onomfutho at emaphethelweni. Umbala umbala kwenhlabathi kanye nezinguquko ngeminyaka. Kuba matasatasa izinga lokushisa lehla.

Futhi itholakala esizeni atholakala Grayling Arctic, noma golovoshka rotan, lase-Amur Pike futhi minnow.

izitshalo

Izitshalo unothile kakhulu futhi imelelwa emathafeni eziphakeme, amahlathi amancane enezicabha, lezihlahla kanye entabeni zikaphayini. 923 abameleli semithambo ephakeme yabhaliswa. Bangaphezu kuka-71 izinhlobo zezitshalo noma isikhunta esiqiwini esithathwe ngaphansi Ukuvikelwa. Ngenxa izitshalo enjalo, okulawulwa kwemithombo yamanzi yezindlala, gentian abandayo zmeegolovnika grandiflora, Rhodiola pinnatifid futhi chetyrohnadreznogo, anyanisi odnobratstvennogo, rhododendron, imane umbukwane ngempela.

Gymnosperms emelelwa laseSiberia zikaphayini, umsedari ukhuni Elfin, fir laseSiberia, umjunipha lozhnokazatskim nesihlahla sonwele laseSiberia. I wokugodla etholakala eduze ihlathi ezihlobene izihlahla - ke Gmelin larch (Dahurian) kanye eSiberia.

Awezinyoka nasemanzini agelezayo

Lezi zigaba kwezilwane aziziningi kangako. Sokhondinsky Reserve - ikhaya umgijimi bafaniswe abavamile copperhead inyoka, i inyoka abavamile, enesihlungu ezivamile futhi isibankwa. Lezi zilwane ezihuquzelayo bagxilile ezikule ndawo ngenxa lithathelwe sezulu imvelo.

izilwane ezihlala emanzini angenawo usawoti abameleli esingaphansi ngisho kwaleso. izilwane Nakuba kukhona emadanyini eziningi, kodwa yayingakuthinti lesi sigaba izinhlobo. Lapha kukhona intulo kuphela laseSiberia, eSiberia futhi idenge lenkangala elimile afabana amaxoxo. Lezi zinhlobo ezintathu uhlu iphelile.

Uyithola kanjani kuze kufike endaweni ebekelwe?

Izivakashi, akuvakashelwe Sokhondinsky reserve, kanjani lapho, cishe akazi. Ngenxa yalesi kukhona Imizila ekhethekile izivakashi. Qala itholakala edolobhaneni Kyra. Ubude umzila incike ezingeni futhi wavakashela izindawo: kusukela 3 km kuya ku-80 km. izintaba Omkhulu kungathatha isonto.

Umzila edume kunazo ubizwa ngokuthi "umzila uPallas". nguye nse owathola le umzila Sokolova. Ukuba isebenzise lo mzila udinga ukuya kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, futhi ubude kuba amakhilomitha 70. Luqala ngokunikela nisin wezinhlamvu Sokhondo ezinkangala. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, abahambi ungakwazi ukugcina konke zindawo ukuhwebelana entabeni futhi ubukhazikhazi ukwehluka yezimila nezilwane ezihlukahlukene.

Izivakashi athande lolu umzila Sokhondinsky reserve Trans-iBaikal Territory. Izithombe nemifanekiso lemikhakha kumane obumangalisayo ukwehluka alo amibalabala. Imikhondo izivakashi - lena kuphela ingxenye encane insimu yonke esiqiwini. Kuphinde kube khona izindawo lapho ukufinyelela kwenqatshiwe. Ngokwengxenye lokhu Ngenjongo yokuphepha, njengoba izilwane ezingavamile buya ngokuya kuncipha, bese uyawagcina - nejoka wonke umuntu.

Uma unesifiso ukuthi ahambele leya ndawo olunothile ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene zezilwane nezitshalo, ukushaywa umoya e Sokhondinsky Reserve - ikhambi ekahle. Akekho ingaqhubeka qakala bemvelo ezinjalo.