Inkokhelo ukulungiswa. UMthetho dolobha zokulungisa emafulethini

Esinye nesinye isakhamuzi we Russian Federation uyazi ukuthi icala ukuze lilungiswe. Nokho, akubona bonke abantu abacabanga, siyini lesi amahlamvu ebhodini. Ukuze ngamunye wethu njalo ngenyanga ukunika abanye mali ehhovisi izindlu? kufanele ibhekane kanjani ukulungisa elingaphansi kwesakhiwo sokuhlala, futhi siya ngempela? Zonke lezi mibuzo uzonikezwa izimpendulo kulesi sihloko.

Umqondo kulungiswe

Umuzi ngamunye multi-storey, manje noma ngokuhamba kwesikhathi iqala buba bubi nakakhulu. Ukuze uvimbele esiphuthumayo, isakhiwo kumele kube ukulungisa okufika ngesikhathi futhi uthuthukise. Ngokwemvelo, lokhu kusho inani lemali ezidingekayo ukuze kulungiswe akuthathi angaqondi ukuthi kungani. Ngakho ukulungiswa pay ziyadingeka izakhamuzi ngokwabo.

Ngaphambi kokukhipha lo sici izici ezingokomthetho umthetho olawula zokulungisa izakhiwo, kubalulekile ukutshela umniningwane kancane kabanzi mayelana nokuthi likhona kulungiswe. Yini nezinqubo nezibopho Ezezindlu umnyango lapha ungabahlukanisa? Uma sikhuluma isethi Amukelekako wemisebenzi nemisebenzi inkampani izindlu, kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa imisebenzi elandelayo:

• esikhundleni, ukukhanda noma ukufakwa ezihlukahlukene by isakhiwo; Lokhu Ukushisa, amanzi, igesi ukuthengisela, nezinye izinhlelo eziningi;
• ukukhanda noma ukushintsha zommbila;
• ukulungisa noma ukufakwa ophahleni lwendlu;
• ekufezeni umsebenzi zewayini, ekuqiniseni isisekelo;
• ukukhanda noma kulungiswe olungaphambili lwesonto - uphawu amalunga omzimba, ukubuyisela usimende, lifake endaweni noma buyekeza tile, ukulungisa kudoti, njll ...

Ngakho, ukukhanda elingaphansi kwesakhiwo sokuhlala iqukethe inombolo kahle esikhulu semisebenzi ahlukahlukene.

izici Jikelele kulungiswe kwemithetho

Ngokushesha kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi okwamanje eRussia akukho sikweletu esisodwa, ozinikele ngokuphelele ukulungisa ezinkulu. Zonke yemfanelo, yokuxhuma ku ukukhanda emafulethini, kubuswa imithetho ehlukene kakhulu neziqondiso. Lapha nasesikhathini izinto ngazinye kwemithetho yamazwe, futhi izinqumo ezithile zokwahlulela, futhi ezinye izihloko kweKhodi Ezezindlu. Nokho, umthetho kunawo futhi iningi owaziwa lapha namanje umi phandle: zoMthetho Federal № 271 - izinguquko Russian Ezezindlu Ikhodi.

Kuze 2012, kwaba kubi kakhulu kwezindlu. Ukudideka babe kokubili ningi ngavumelani zomthetho, kanye nokuntuleka uhlelo ecacile imithetho eyayiyowenza lokulawula ukulungisa izindlu. Yiqiniso, kwakukhona Ikhodi Ezezindlu. Nokho, kwaze kwaba ngo-December 2012, inani uMthetho Federal 271 futhi yayingekho indlela ofuna naye.

Yiziphi izinguquko eziye balandela ekuqaleni umfanekiso isenzo normative? Into esemqoka ukuthi kuwufanele uqaphele - wukuthi inkokhelo ukuze kulungiswe phathelana icala izakhamuzi (ngaphambi ukulungisa waziphatha ngokugcwele amandla). Hhayi-ke noma cha - iphuzu moot. Kodwa cishe ukunqabela yokuthi uhlelo kwenkokhelo kanye ukukhishwa semisebenzi isibe elula kakhudlwana. Kodwa kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kwakuyizwi bubuhle futhi kangcono? Imizamo yokuthola impendulo yalo mbuzo zizomakwa ku.

Trip ku esidlule

Njengoba wazi, konke kuxhomeke embonweni womuntu. Futhi ngakho-ke kufanele uyiswe emuva ngesikhathi kancane bese uzama ukukhumbula indlela ukulungisa uhlelo eziqhutshwa ngaphambili.

Ngisho nasezikhathini iSoviet, amakhaya ophahleni njalo olusha njalo eminyakeni engu-15, isisekelo ukhandwa njalo eminyakeni 25, futhi uphahla izindlu kanye nezinsizakalo ohlanganyelwe abathintekayo njalo ngonyaka. Empeleni, kuze kube namuhla, akukho okushintshile ikakhulukazi. Nanoma iyiphi inkampani management izindlu usungula esibekelwe efanayo. Uma umsebenzi hhayi kwenziwe, isakhiwo iyoba nje isimo esiphuthumayo, futhi ekugcineni izobhujiswa.

Ngo-USSR, ukukhanda emafulethini ungephansi kwemandla izakhiwo amandla ngokuphelele. Zonke zakhiwo ubunikazi yomphakathi. Izakhamizi Bekulindeleke ukwenza inkokhelo esifike isizumbulu semali, bese umasipala babeqhuba yonke kudingekile umsebenzi wokwakha nokulungisa. Nokho, ekuqaleni azimele, okubangwa ukuwohloka kwamandla Soviet, neziningi zezakhiwo sekudlule ezandleni ngabanye. Kusukela manje, lezi zakhamuzi wayeka kohulumeni basekhaya.

Mess waqhubeka kwaze kwaba ekuqaleni kuka-2000. Izindlu eziningi akusebenzi, ziba okungafanele langakufanelekela ukuphila. Yingakho iziphathimandla zanquma ukuthatha izinyathelo nesibindi sokushumayela. Uhlelo kulungiswe yasungulwa. Ngemva kwesikhashana, kulandele umthetho emnothweni zokulungisa emafulethini. Abaqashi ziye zaphoqeleka ukuba akhokhe 5% lemali edingekile ukuze kuqalise ukusebenza imisebenzi endaweni ushintsho. Nokho, umkhuba osukhona jikelele ayizange atholwe umbala omuhle: futhi kuze kube yilolu suku emakhaya amaningi nje ahlale ngaphandle inkonzo.

icala Communal ukulungisa ngayinye: usayizi 2017

iziphathimandla zaseRussia kungaba kuwufanele ukuba banake lo mkhuba European, ukuhlinzeka kungumsebenzi zonke eyisakhamuzi ukudala okuthiwa dolobha yesondlo. Ingabe ethile imali, esagcina wathumela ukuba afeze umsebenzi ekuguquleni izindlu. Inzuzo njalo kwesimiso esinjalo isobala: zonke isenzo ne izimali ekubonakaleni umuntu ngamunye. Kukhona yokubika eqinile, ukuvumela ukuba uchithe imali ngokuqinile zaleyo nhloso; hhayi upeni abakwazi shiya othile ephaketheni.

Noma kunjalo, Russian Federation, isikimu enjalo luzosetshenziswa lula. The main isithiyo lapha - ubumpofu abavamile sabantu. Abantu abaningi bamane nje abakwazanga ukuba akhokhe ngesikhathi ngenxa yokuntuleka okulula ezezimali. Kodwa lapho uhlelo lusebenza namuhla?

Iziphathimandla yasungulwa engamashumi amathathu we plan (ukuze isenzo, uyoba kuze kufinyelele 2042), owawuthi umasipala ukwenza imali. Isenzakalo esifanayo isheduli ukulungiswa ngamunye ekhaya ngabanye. On dolobha zokulungisa emafulethini Law (uMthetho Federal № 271) uthi isidingo ukukhokha imali elingana no-ruble okungenani 15 izindlu m ^2. Yiqiniso, ukukhuluma ngamandla "ukusebenza Amazing kohlelo ezimisiweyo, 'futhi" izinkulungwane zemizi izinga kabusha. " Ingabe lezi izimangalo ezingokoqobo lanamuhla? Lo mbuzo, umuntu ngamunye kumelwe aphendule yena. Njengoba "impahla asizayo" kungabangela izifushaniso eziningana Bill.

umehluko wemisindo nemiqondo yamagama isofthiwe Eziyisisekelo

Esinye nesinye isakhamuzi kufanele kube abawazi amalungelo abo izindlu - kubalulekile ukuvula ikhodi izindlu futhi ngifunde okunye amalungiselelo ayo. Okulandelayo izokwethulwa amaphuzu ayinhloko kuyini inkokhelo ukuze kulungiswe. Umthetho uthi la maphuzu alandelayo:

• Zonke izikhathi ukulungisa asethwe ngqo ngumasipala. Endabeni ukwephulwa izakhamuzi zinalo ilungelo ukufaka isikhalazo. Umasipala uzoqoqa ikhomishana, futhi uma kudingeka, zama ukulungisa isakhiwo ngesikhathi esifanele.

• Okukhulu ikhaya ukulungiswa alikwazi imisiwe, ngisho nangemva kokuba izakhamuzi ngokwabo kwenziwe wonke umsebenzi odingekayo ukuze kuthuthukiswe izindlu.
• IKhomishana, eyakhiwa abameleli izindlu, ukulungisa izilinganiso, olwenziwa ngumasipala.
• ngoba imali ukulungisa kulawulwa neziphathimandla zendawo. Kulokhu, duty kungenzeka ibe ngaphansi kwegunya ukulungiswa, kodwa kuphela uma isaziso zonke abaqashile.

Lo mthethosivivinywa uthi, futhi izinhlobo ezinkulu izinzuzo ukuthi kufanele kucatshangelwe iziphathimandla zendawo. Le ndlela izochazwa kamuva.

On izinzuzo

Ngokusho uMthetho Federal № 271, amaqembu ethile yezakhamuzi anelungelo eziningi ekukhokheni. Ngokwesibonelo, abanye abantu, okuzoxoxwa ngezansi, bayakwazi ukukhokha yokugibela akuyona ngokuphelele.

Mayelana iziphi izigaba zezakhamizi okukhulunywa? Ingabe ekhululiwe inkokhelo ukuze kulungiswe kungaba izakhamuzi ezilandelayo:

• Imikhaya enezingane ezintathu noma ngaphezulu;
• abantu abakhubazekile;
• nemindeni nezingane ezikhubazekile;
• servicemen noma imindeni yezisulu yempi;
• abasebenzi ezingemuva noma Veterans WWII;
• kuziwa emikhayeni engenabo umondli;
• abanikeli zokuhlonipha;
• abanikazi yohlobo ezahlukene imiklomelo isimo.

Lapha kubalulekile ukuba baphathe futhi ezinye izigaba zezakhamizi. Bonke zibhaliswe zoMthetho Federal № 271.

Ukususa ukubethela Umbuso yamanani

Imali ukuze kulungiswe ezinkulu ekhaya siqukethe izici eziningi ezihlukahlukene. Kuwufanele ukugqamisa ubukhulu kanye nezindlu, kanye nohlobo isakhiwo, futhi khona izakhi ezithile izindlu (ezifana zommbila, ezitebhisini nokunye. D.).

Ngakho-ke, okuqukethwe kwezindlu zikamasipala iziphathimandla ibandakanye okungenani lokhu okulandelayo:

• yards;
• yokuhlanza kanye nokulungiswa izitebhisi;
• sisebenze anawo udoti;
• lift yokunakekelwa kohlelo kanye wokulungisa;
• Sebenza iziteshi ukupholisa nendle;
• ukususwa esifike udoti kusuka endaweni ezungeze lo endlini nokunye. d.

Uma izakhiwo babe uhlobo oluthile imishini, noma zitholakala ezindaweni esingesihle, ukukhokhiswa ukulungisa kungenzeka kancane ephakeme kunaleyo evamile. Kuyadingeka ukuba ukhulume umphumela ngqo lwendlu efulethini ku izindleko ukulungiswa ezinkulu. Umthetho ilawula loku okulandelayo:

• abaqashi izakhiwo zangaphambi wamavukelambuso (njengoba umthetho, zakhelwe - isiko lezinto) baye ukukhokhela mayelana 3 ruble m ^{2 ngayinye;}
• abantu abahlala "Khrushchev," kufanele ukhokhe ruble ezimbili m ^{2 ngayinye;}
• izakhamuzi abahlala ezindlini prefabricated 60-80s kumele akhokhe deda ngoba 2.2 m ^2;
• izakhamuzi izindlu isitini kufanele ukhokhe ubuncane 2.5 ruble;
• abantu abahlala izakhiwo zesimanje, ukukhokha mayelana 2.7 ruble.

Ngakho, uhlobo lwesakhiwo izindlu sithinta kakhulu izindleko ukunakekela okuqhubekayo.

Imiphumela yokungakhokhi izimali

Isimanga siwukuthi abantu abaningi bamane senqabe ukukhokhela izimali ukulungisa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, bakuthola eziningi ezihlukahlukene izizathu: kungumnikelo ukusatshalaliswa badlale izimali, kanye nokungabi khona kwanoma yiliphi "ukubuya" ku ingxenye kamasipala (ngoba ngokuvamile abakhileyo izindlu nje cha bheka phi ukulungiswa), kanye nokulungiswa abampofu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu abathile futhi akazange uzibuze ukuthi umthetho ukukhokhela izindleko zokulungisa.

Noma kunjalo, isimo akawuthandi non-payers, ngakho sifuna zonke izindlela zokubhekana nazo yizakhiwo unswinyo. Uyini umphumela kungaba zikufice isakhamuzi owenqaba zikhokhela amasevisi kwezindlu Izinsiza? Kakhulu ukuthi akusilo elula - nenhlawulo ngesilinganiso yasebhange refinancing. Lokhu kusho ukuthi umuntu ubophekile ukuba amboze izinkokhelo sekwephuzile ngisho 15% lemali edingekayo imali.

Uma udaba nhlobo kuziwa sesivivinyo, izinyathelo ezilandelayo kungenziwa ngokumelene isakhamuzi:

• isiqeshana esiphakathi kokulalelwayo;
• ukungakwazi ukuba athathe loans kwezinye amabhange kuleli zwe;
• umklomelo we isithakazelo;
• kuxoshwa kusuka endlini (kodwa lokhu kuyinto kakhulu, kudingeka multi-abayizigidi ezingu-dollar izikweletu enkantolo kungase ukuphuca izakhamuzi impahla).

Isibonelo elula lapha kungaba kanje: isakhamuzi kuyinto efulethini 50 m ² impahla; nejoka isakhamuzi - ruble ayizigidi 3 ngokuthatha isikhathi eside izinsuku ezingu-30 .. Le miklomelo umasipala isigwebo ruble 45. Kuwo lo nyaka, inhlawulo angavuka ruble 800. Ngakho, noma yini imibono kulungiswe kungenzeka ohlelweni kwaba isakhamuzi ngendlela esifike ngesikhathi ngeke kusadingeka ukhokhe isamba edingekayo lemali.

umbono Isazi phezu kulungiswe izindlela zokukhokhelana

Impicabadala izakhiwo amasistimu wokukhokha kulungiswe sekuqhubeke isikhathi eside. Izazi eziningi sithambekele abanye umbono?

Isimo uqobo, ngokusho kongoti kakhulu, asikwazi ngokuthi okuhle ngendlela engakholeki. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-kulungiswe samanje ohlelweni lokukhokha kuba cishe engenakwenzeka ukushintsha: plan ezamukelwe ngu amathathu, kodwa ngenxa isikhathi eside kukhona zonke izinkinga unsolvable kuchaziwe ngenhla. Ukuswelakala kokusebenza ngokuhlanganyela obala kule scheme of the banal, ukulwa abampofu umsebenzi izinga ukulungisa, ukulawula omphakathi - konke ongatholakala sezisebenza ngaphandle ukuthi, lapho uhlelo European yokukhokha kulungiswe. Nokho, isimiso esinjalo kungaba okwamanje ngempumelelo isicelo Isimo samanje: ezingeni ubumpofu kusekukhulu.

Ekhuluma

Yini kungaba isixazululo? I elikhulu kakhulu okufana - HOA. Esifundeni owakhile indlu entsha. ngoba imali ukulungisa kuyafana yonke enye indawo. Njengoba le ndawo baphinde muva, abaqashi noma ungayiboni umqondo ukunikeza imali umasipala akucaci yini ukuthi kungani. Yingakho izakhamuzi ukuxazululwa ukuhlela ngokubambisana abanikazi izindlu. Kusukela manje, zonke izinkokhelo asobala kanye ebonakala iningi lezakhamizi.

Ngokwemvelo, ngaphansi kwezimo ezinjalo kungase eziningi izinkinga. HOA kungenziwa ihlelwe kuphela uma kukhona abanekhono ngempela futhi kasihlalo asebenzayo ekhaya. Uma noma yimuphi umbuzo ephakamayo ngokuphathelene khona isabelomali ngokubambisana. Abaningi lapha kuzovela umbuzo: Ingabe ikhona Imali kulungiswe saziso? Impendulo ngokungananazi yebo. Esinye nesinye isakhamuzi kungokwalabo inhlangano kufanele feasibly ukukhuthaza isakhiwo izindlu kanye nokugcinwa esifundazweni "impilo yokuzinakekela".