Inkampani yangasese yezempi: ukubuyekezwa, uhlu, izici zomsebenzi, iholo kanye nempendulo

Emazweni aseNtshonalanga, into enjalo njengenkampani yangasese yezempi isetshenziselwa ukuxazulula imisebenzi yezempi nokuthula. Esikhathini sethu kakade sekusobala ukuthi sekuyisikhathi sokuba amazwe e-CIS acabange ngokusungulwa kwesikhungo esinjalo sezomthetho emisebenzini yabo, kanye nokudala uhlaka olulawulayo lapho le nkundla ebalulekile neyadingeka ilawulwa khona.

Kwenzeke ukuthi akukho nkampani yangasese yezempi ingavela ensimini yeRussia Federation, ngoba zonke izinkinga zemisebenzi enjalo zimelela ngokuzimela kanye nokuzimela kombuso wethu. Kodwa-ke, eqinisweni, amazwe amaningi emhlabeni minyaka yonke azama ukwakha nokuthuthukisa imakethe yamazwe ngamazwe ngokuhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zangasese kule ndawo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, asikhulumi nje kuphela ukuthi inkampani yangasese yangasese ingasiza kanjani ekuxazululeni imisebenzi yokulwa, kodwa futhi mayelana nesici senhlalo sokudala izenzo zokulawula nezomthetho kule ndawo.

Kungani lokhu kuyadingeka?

Okokuqala, ngenxa yokubukeka kwezinhlangano ezinjalo kuzokwenzeka ukuqeda inkinga yomsebenzi, okuyinto evamile phakathi kwezikhulu zangaphambili zebutho laseRussia, ngoba abanakho indawo yokuhamba ngemva kokushiya endaweni yokugcina. Isimo esinjalo singaxazululwa yiyiphi inkampani yangasese yangasese, kodwa ngenxa yezinguquko ezenziwa nguMnyango Wezokuvikela, amadoda amaningi epiyasi echwepheshe azinikele kakhulu ekukhonzeni amabutho aphoqelekile ukuba afune umsebenzi ongase ungahlobene nawo Umsebenzi osheshayo. Konke lokhu kuholela ekunciphiseni izinga lonke lemali engenayo futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ekuzameni okuphindaphindiwe kokucebisa okungemthetho.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinkampani zangasese zangasese zingasiza ekuxazululeni inkinga yokuhamba phesheya ngenani elikhulu labachwepheshe abangazange bakwazi ukuthola umsebenzi ngemuva kokuxoshwa, njengoba amanye amazwe adinga futhi abonise isithakazelo ekwebeni ulwazi nolwazi Amakhono ochwepheshe abafanayo. Ngakho-ke, amazwe ethu alahlekelwa ochwepheshe kanye nemali, futhi lezi zimali zide kakhulu.

Uhlangothi lwezezimali

Imali engenayo yimuphi inkampani yangasese yezempi (PMC) ezoletha ezweni ingenye impikiswano enzima ngokubheka ukuthi kufanelekile ukwamukela umthetho ekusungulweni kwayo. Isabelomali sezwe kufanele sithole imithombo emisha eningi engakwazi ukugcwalisa ingxenye yengeniso, kanti ukutholakala komthetho kwezakhiwo ezizimele zangasese kungaletha imali eningi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bambalwa kakhulu abantu abazi ukuthi sinezinhlangano ezinjalo, kodwa zibhalisiwe ngaphandle kwenkundla yezomthetho yaseRussia. Lokhu kuphakamisa ukuthi imali yabo engenayo ayithinti nhlobo isimo, ngokuphambene nokuthi, isibonelo, izinkampani zangasese zase-US ezizimele zisebenza.

Amaphi amathemba?

Kungekudala nje, uMnyango Wezokuvikela wenza isinyathelo mayelana nokudalwa kwamabutho okugcina indawo eRussian Federation , futhi lokhu sekuvele kubizwe ngokuthi isinyathelo sokuqala kwalezi zinhlangano. Kunezindawo eziningi ezithakazelisayo, ezifana nezinsizakalo ezikhethekile ezihlinzeka izinkampani zangasese zempi. Umholo wongcweti ngamunye lapha uxhomeke emisebenzini awenzayo: ukuhlela amasu, imisebenzi yokulwa, ukuqoqwa kwedatha, kanye nokwesekwa kokusebenza noma kokusebenza. Yingakho kungcono ukudlulisa umthetho ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu, futhi kungalungile ukulibambezela.

Benzani?

Namuhla, kunenqwaba yezinhlangano, futhi uma sikhuluma ngamazwe e-CIS, inkampani yangasese yezempi "iSlavic Corps", ebhaliswe ngokusemthethweni ensimini yaseHong Kong, iyabonakala phakathi kwabo bonke, kodwa empeleni ihlanganisa ikakhulu ababengabasebenzi bempi ehlukahlukene Amandla akhethekile emazweni asoNhlangano yangaphambili. Ububanzi bemisebenzi yezinhlangano ezinjalo zingabandakanya imisebenzi elandelayo:

• Ukuhlinzekwa kwezivikelo ezihlomile zezinhlangano zomthetho nabantu ngabanye, ukuphepha kwemisebenzi, ehlanganisa inani elikhulu labantu, kanye nokuthuthukiswa nokuqhutshwa phambili kwezinyathelo ezihlukahlukene emkhakheni wokuphepha kolwazi. Izinsizakalo ezinjalo, ngokwesibonelo, ngokusho kolwazi oluthile, zisingathwa yinkampani yangasese yempi eMolkino.
• Ukuvikelwa kobuchwepheshe bezinto, ukuhlonishwa, ukudluliselwa kwamabhanoyi, ukubonisana, ukubonisana kwezempi noma imisebenzi yokudambisa abantu.
• Ukulondoloza ukugcinwa nokusebenza kwezinsimbi ezikhethekile zokulwa.
• Ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha ngesikhathi sokuhamba noma ukugcinwa kweziboshwa.
• Ukucebisa nokuqeqeshwa kwabasebenzi bokuphepha noma isevisi yendawo.
• Ukuzivikela ngokuzivikela ngokusekelwa ngokugcwele kwezitsha ezihlukahlukene zomphakathi ezivela ezigodini, ukuhlola ngokugcwele ukuphepha kwamapulatifomu asegesi namafutha omhlaba, ukuvikela amaphiko, imikhumbi namapulatifomu ngaphansi kwamanzi.

Lona nje uhlu olufushane lwazo izinkampani zangasese zokuphepha ezempi ezingayenza. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi uma konke kucacile ngemisebenzi yokuphepha kanye nemisebenzi ehlose ukuhambisa imithwalo futhi ivikele ukuvikeleka kwezinto ezihlukahlukene, iningi elithi "amasosha" alicaci kahle. Akubona bonke labo abafuna ukufunda ukungena kwinkampani yangasese yezempi baqonde kahle ukuthi lezo zinhlangano zinikeza izinsizakalo zempi.

Isimo sezomthetho

Ezenzweni zomhlaba zanamuhla, uhlu olubanzi kakhulu lwezinkampani zangasese zempi seluvele lwakhiwe, oluye lwaba lukhulu kakhulu futhi alusakazwe nje kuphela endaweni ethile, kodwa cishe emhlabeni wonke. E-Russia, naphezu kokuthi ayikho imibhalo esemthethweni enhlanganweni yezinhlaka ezinjalo, sebevele bakwazi ukuzuza ekusebenzeni, kanti izinkampani eziningi zingatholakala ezweni elizibeka ngale ndlela ngale ndlela.

Kusukela kumbono wezomthetho, izinkampani zangasese zaseRussia zingabhekwa njengobambiswano obambisene nomphakathi-wangasese (PPP), njengoba zingakabi khona ezingeni lezomthetho, kodwa amaphrojekthi athile asevele akhiwe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngaphakathi kohlaka lwe-PPP, kunethemba lokuvela komthetho okungeke nje kuqinisekiswe ukulungiswa kwalesi simiso ezingeni likahulumeni, kodwa kuzoqhubeka nokuthuthukisa intuthuko yayo kulo lonke elaseRussia.

Ngeshwa, okwamanje, hhayi nje kuphela ezingeni lesifunda, kepha ngisho nasezingeni likahulumeni, akukaze kwakhiwe izinhlelo zokusebenza ezisemthethweni ezizovumela izinhlangano ezinjalo ukuba zihlanganiswe, kanti isibonelo esivelele siyinhloko yenkampani yangasese yezempi, u-Eugene Wagner, owadala isakhiwo sakhe, imisebenzi yakhe Okuyinhloko kakhulu engaxazululwa. Ngokuvamile lesi simo siholela ezinkingeni eziningi, okuyinhloko okubandakanya abahlanganyeli ezinhlanganweni ezinjengezinkampani zempi, ezingenalo ukuxhumana nalokho okuyiqiniso.

Uyini umehluko?

Ukuntula ukuqonda lokhu kuvame ukudala ukusabela okuphindwe kabili emphakathini kulokho inkampani yangasese yezempi Wagner kanye nezakhiwo ezifanayo ezenzayo.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma umuntu engumsebenzi wenhlangano yangasese futhi ebulawa enkambeni yokwenza imisebenzi yakhe, akayena isosha lombutho wezwe, owayephethe ukulandelana komyalo oqondile. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lingabizwa ngokuthi i-mercenary, elibeka impilo yakhe engozini ngesamba esithile semali.

Kodwa udinga ukuqonda kahle ukuthi i-mercenary impela noma yimuphi umuntu owaqashwa ukuba ahlanganyele empini, kanti izinkampani zangasese zempi zase-United States nakwamanye amazwe yizinhlangano ezigcwele ezenza imisebenzi eminingi kakhulu .

Ezimweni eziningi, izinhlangano ezinjalo zakha izinkontileka zokubambisana esikhathini eside, kanti ochwepheshe lapha basebenza nje njengomeluleki noma umcebisi kunoma yiziphi izindaba zobuchwepheshe nezempi. Izinhlangano ezizimele zibhalisiwe ngokomthetho, izimiso, kanye nesakhiwo sebhizinisi esikhethekile, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo yizici zezinkampani zangaphandle, ngenxa yokuthi ububanzi bezinsizakalo zabo abuyena kuphela emkhakheni wezempi.

Umthethosivivinywa okwamanje oqoshiwe ungabhubhisa ngokuphelele ukuhumusha kwamanga ahlukahlukene kanye nezinhlobo zokucabangela futhi ngesikhathi esisodwa kusiza ukunquma izimiso eziyisisekelo zalokho okuhlukanisa ama-mercenaries kanye nama-PMC ngokuhlinzekwa kwezinsizakalo zempi. Futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, kuzonikeza ithuba lokunquma isisekelo somthetho somsebenzi wezinhlangano zangasese zempi ezisebenza ensimini yezinye izifundazwe, ngokugcwele ngokuvumelana nemigomo ejwayelekile evunyelwe kanye nemihlangano ehlukahlukene yezizwe.

Bangakanani okudingayo?

Abaningi bayazi ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwezakhiwo zangasese zangasese ngamazwe aseNtshonalanga, kuhlanganise ne-United States, akukaze kube khona, kanti inani labasebenzi, kanye nenani lemali eliqashiwe ekuheha lezi zinhlangano, likhulu kakhulu. Futhi, ngaphezu kwamazwe aseNtshonalanga, i-China ikhuthaza izakhiwo zangasese, ngakho-ke singasho ngokuphepha ukuthi uma kunenzuzo futhi kuyadingeka kwabanye, kungase kube yinzuzo kithi.

Isici sepolotiki-senhlalo

Inani lezingxabano eziye zavela emazweni ahlukene kule minyaka eyishumi edlule likhuphuke kaningi, futhi lokhu kungalandelwa kalula kumbiko wezindaba eminyakeni yamuva. Ngokuvamile ibutho elivamile lingenalo ikhono lokunikeza ukumelana okufanele, ukuqiniswa kwenqubo noma ukugcina umbuso othile. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, ngokusebenzisa ukusetshenziswa kwamabutho ahlomile, iziphathimandla kufanele ziqaphele ukuthi kunengozi yokuthi lokhu kungabonakala kungalungile emphakathini, ngoba abaningi basabela kabi ngokulahlekelwa ngisho nesosha elilodwa. Kwakuyizinkinga ezinjalo ezavela lapho kuqhutshwa imisebenzi yezempi ensimini yaseChechnya nase-Afghanistan.

Ngenxa yokuthi abasebenzi be-PMC bahileleke ekusebenzeni kwempi ngokusekelwa kwamabutho ajwayelekile, izibalo zokulimala kanye nokulahleka okudlula kakhulu kunciphisa, futhi kukhona amathuba okuqhuba imisebenzi ehlukahlukene efuna izinga eliphakeme lemfihlo. Ukusebenza kwabo kuzonikeza umbuso ithuba lokuxazulula imisebenzi yenqubomgomo yangaphandle, kuyilapho ugwema ukuhlaselwa okungafuneki emhlabeni jikelele nangomphakathi.

Amathuluzi amasha

Kubalulekile ukuqonda kahle ukuthi izindlela nezindlela eziyisisekelo zomsebenzi we-PMCs zanamuhla azikhawulelwe emingcele yezwe. Ngakho-ke, isibonelo, kungenzeka ukuqeqesha nokuqhutshelwa phambili kochwepheshe ezweni lapho imisebenzi ehleliwe ihlelwe khona ukuze bakwazi ukwenza imisebenzi ethile eyabelwe abaphathi. Umphumela omuhle kuleli cala ufezwa ngenxa yokuthi inkinga yokungaboni kahle kwezakhamuzi zakwamanye amazwe kuqedwa ngokuphelele, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo iqembu eligcwele labachwepheshe bezindawo lidalwa, likwazi ukuhamba ngokushesha lapho kwenzeka khona, empeleni ekhaya labo . Konke lokho kwandisa kakhulu amathuba okuba iziphathimandla zendawo zakusasa zizokwazi ukulawula isimo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, abasebenzi bezinhlangano zangasese, abahlala ngaphandle kwemikhawulo yomthetho wamazwe omhlaba, bangasebenzisa izindlela zabo ezihlukile kanye nezinhlobo zomsebenzi, ngaphandle kokukhawulela, njengoba ububanzi bomsebenzi kanye nokulawulwa komsebenzi wabo kunqunywe ngokuphelele yinkontileka eyenziwe yinkampani. Ngokwezinga elithile, lokhu kwenza kube lula ukususa kubo noma yimiphi imithwalo yemfanelo yezindleko ezihlukahlukene zokuziphatha kanye nezomthetho ngomsebenzi womqashi futhi, ngesikhathi esifanayo, ivumela ukuphumelela kokuphumelela kokulwa kwezinga eliphezulu. Ngenxa yokubonakala kwalesi sikhungo esisemthethweni, hhayi kuphela indlela esetshenziswa ekusebenziseni ibutho lempi ngesikhathi sokuthula, kodwa futhi nomqondo wezinqubomgomo zangaphandle, uzoshintsha ensimini yeRussia.

Kubalulekile ukuqonda kahle ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi kusetshenziswe izinkinga eziningi zokuxazululwa kwezinkinga kuyinzuzo ecacile ezimweni zanomncintiswano wamanje womhlaba, futhi ukuba khona kwama-PMCs ahlukahlukene empini kuzokwenza ukwandisa kakhulu izithakazelo zeRussian Federation futhi kuzokunikeza inqwaba yezivumelwano ezintsha, okuzogcina zikhulise jikelele Isimo sombuso.

Enye indlela yokusebenzisa izinkampani zangasese zangasese kungaba ukukhuthazwa okusebenzayo kwezimpahla zasemakhaya ezimakethe ezihlukahlukene zamazwe ngamazwe. Kungani? Kulawo mazwe anqume ukuthi athole imishini yethu yempi, abasebenzi bezinhlangano ezizimele banganikela ngenkonzo ephelele, ukuvikelwa kochwepheshe abahlinzeka ngemishini yamuva, ukuhlinzeka ngokusekela ukuxhumana, ukuqeqeshwa kwabasebenzi kanye neminye imisebenzi eminingi.

Umnotho

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-PMCs kubuye kuzuzise ngokwezomnotho ekusebenzeni imisebenzi eyimfihlo kanye neyesikhathi esifushane yempi, ngoba izinsiza zayo kanye namakhono azosetshenziswa kuphela kwisicelo esithile. Umbuso awudingi ukuchitha imali enkulu yezimali ukuze kugcinwe iziqu kanye nokungafanelwe ukuthenga amasosha ngesikhathi sokuthula uma ochwepheshe bezinga eliphezulu bezokwazi ukuthola. Ngokungafani namabutho avamile avamile, ukuthunyelwa kwawo kudinga ukuthunyelwa kwengqalasizinda yezempi ngokwanele, izindleko ezidingekayo zokuqasha inkampani yangasese yezempi ziphansi kakhulu, futhi ngenxa yendlela yokusebenza yokukhokha, ukukhokha kungenziwa kuphela ngokusebenza okusebenzayo kwazo zonke izinhlobo zempi.

Ukuzikhethela kwesicelo sabo kungukuthi, okokuqala, ukuthi izwe akudingeki ukuba ngumqashi oqondile. Ama-PMC angase abe khona ngokwahlukana nemiyalo kahulumeni futhi abhekane nemisebenzi ebekwe izinhlangano zamazwe ngamazwe noma izinhlangano zezohwebo. Ngakho-ke, ngenxa yemakethe yezinsizakalo zempi, ukuvuselelwa okuhle kwesabelomali kuzoqinisekiswa ngazo zonke izimo ezifanele zokubunjwa nokusebenza endaweni yeRussian Federation.