Incazelo injini yezimoto imifanekiso ehlukene

Zonke ezihambayo imishini yezobuchwepheshe, izimoto, imishini yokwakha, watercraft nokuningi. al., anemisila ngamandla izinhlelo ngezici ezihlukahlukene. Ezimweni eziningi, lokhu amandla omlilo injini, ngokwanele enamandla futhi ngempumelelo, eside zaziwa njengoba kwezindlela ezikahle ukuhlinzeka isisusa izindlela umsebenzi.

incazelo Jikelele we phiko

Incazelo ikhasi lesithombe injini ukuhamba komsebenzi. Image motor Sectional ivumela ukufunda ISIZINDA eziyisisekelo futhi izingxenye. Ezansi iyona crankcase uwoyela futha, okuyinto ushayela away igrisi iziteshi ekhethekile, uthome crankshaft kanye camshaft drive chain isiphetho. Kokuqhubeka ngokusebenzisa imigudu ye crankshaft, ingcindezi amafutha emoyeni ezine Athambisa amabombo noma liner zomdabu kanye crankpins crank indlela. Ngasikhathi sinye, igrisi olufuthwe uguqulwe uwoyela inkungu, okuvumela ifilimu kumiswa isibuko isilinda. I pistons ezitjhelelako ngokukhululekile, ne cishe zero ukuhilizisana. Ngamunye wabo unomuntu ezintathu izindandatho uwoyela, zitholakala ngaphezu kokucindezelwa main. Inhloso yalezi izindandatho ukususa amafutha ngokweqile futhi ngikuvimbele ukuze ugweme ukuwela egumbini amandla omlilo. Amafutha nawo ingena elingenhla wengxoxo injini, lapho Lubrication isikhathi, camshaft, valve lifters kanye iziyisikhombisa. Enye Ukusabalala Lubrication uhlelo - a igiya neketanga double nge tensioner. Lapha, amafutha isakazwa amandla adonsela phansi, it is wafutha ujikelezisa izingxenye. Phakathi nomsebenzi we-amafutha engine imoto okunobuthi metal microparticles. Inqola ngayinye inezinga mileage, ngemva kwalokho-ke kuyadingeka ukuba esikhundleni igrisi. Uma ibanga embozwe akunakwenzeka ukubala, kumele ngezikhathi ezithize hlola amafutha engine phezu obala. Uma kwenzeka-ke kuyadingeka ukuba esikhundleni ukuhwalala ngokushesha.

incazelo injini iqalwe kusukela isimiso emsebenzini wayo. Propulsion omlilo kukhona ezimbili zama: upetrol kanye ne-diesel, umsebenzi wokuqala isimiso ukunwetshwa amagesi akhiqizwa phakathi omlilo of ingxube ezivuthayo ibangelwa i inhlansi kagesi. Ingcindezi abasafufusa kubangela piston ngokushesha zehlela esibi kunazo zonke, lo mshini crank iqala ukujikisa, ngaleyo ndlela kuphakama umjikelezo komsebenzi. Inombolo ezivamile amasilinda - ezine, kodwa kukhona izinjini ayisithupha nesishiyagalombili. Ngezinye izikhathi inani amasilinda ifinyelela eyishumi nesithupha, kuhlaba izinjini ezinamandla, lisebenze kahle, ukusebenza kwabo okusezingeni eliphezulu. Lezi izinjini efakwe okunethezeka nezimoto.

Udizili usebenza isimiso esifanayo, kodwa inhlanganisela ezivuthayo ekamelweni omlilo akuyona inhlansi luvutha futhi kokucindezelwa ngaphansi senzo.

Yangaphakathi omlilo izinjini zihlukaniswe amabili futhi ezine-unhlangothi. Umehluko phakathi lezi zimiso ezimbili isinyathelo kubalulekile. Motorcycle izinjini ngokuvamile usebenza push-silingo mode, imoto cishe konke - ezine-unhlangothi.

ingxube inflammable

incazelo injini egijima zihamba ngophethiloli, nge kufanele uqale esikhathini lapho carburetor noma injector wayethola ingxenye ethile ingxube ezivuthayo. Ikamelo amandla omlilo of uMbhalo kwakhiwa ifu ingxube engavamile emoyeni uphethiloli evala. Kuyinto Sekukancane fuel ingxube, kodwa kusamele cindezela bese okhela. Kokucindezela kwenzeka ngaphansi isenzo piston, ukhuphuka uvela engezansi, bese uma phezulu, uyonika inhlansi imoto kagesi wokhela ingxube, kuyoba khona ukwanda kokutheleleka kudlange kakhulu ingcindezi, kanye piston liyashona. Uma lokhu kwenzeka amandla ukujikeleza, okuyinto ungamandla ukushayela.

Ngo injini yezimoto kungaba kusuka pistons ezintathu nesithupha. Ngamunye wabo wenza umsebenzi wayo bese kulandela isimiso esiqinile yomdwebo, okuyinto kudala isikhathi, ukusatshalaliswa igesi mshini umshini. Ngakho, kukhona umjikelezo oqhubekayo Ukujikeleza we crankshaft, okuyinto ekugcineni adluliselwa amasondo.

Incazelo yangaphakathi omlilo injini ngezigaba kanje:

• ukumuncwa ingxube ezivuthayo (piston liyashona);
• ukugxisha futhi kwaqala ingxube ezivuthayo (i-piston kuyinto phezulu maphakathi efile);
• unhlangothi (i-piston ihamba phansi);
• Exhaust ingxube (piston ihamba phezulu);

unhlangothi Key kungenziwa kuhlangene izinqubo ezengeziwe isikhonzi esifushane.

Incazelo injini diesel

Gasoline - uphethiloli jikelele okuyinto anazo eziningi eziwusizo, kodwa izinga layo luncike inombolo octane, etholwe ngesikhathi kucutshungulwa. Kodwa izindleko zalolu hlobo uphethiloli siphakeme ngokwanele. Ngakho-ke, kwezobunjiniyela yezimoto kukhona kabanzi izinjini ukusetshenziswa egijima ku udizili.

Incazelo injini diesel egijima ku udizili, kufanele uqale nge kancane pre-umlando kanjani kule yunithi yadalwa. Ngo-1890, unjiniyela German Rudolf Udizili wadala futhi enelungelo lobunikazi motor lokuqala, ezisebenza isimiso kokucindezelwa ingxube ezivuthayo. Okokuqala Udizili injini engakaze yokutholwa ukusetshenziswa kabanzi, futhi ngenxa ukwakhiwa mshini nekghono phansi kunabaphostoli umusi izinjini. Kodwa ngemva kwesikhathi esithile Udizili izinjini base efakwe emfuleni nasolwandle izitsha, lapho kungase kutholakale kahle.

Inzuzo enkulu motor entsha, uma kulinganiswa nokwenu injini umusi kwakuwukuthi iyunithi isebenza carbon, ngaphansi emphemeni isikhala sobubanzi matasa emkhunjini, kuyilapho enye ingxenye wanikezwa ngaphansi amalahle. Kunikezwe umusi injini lonke lamabutho stokers kanye Mechanics. A udizili wawuhlangene, kwaku kanye uphethiloli ezimbalwa kuphela square metres. Ukuze ukusebenza kwawo kwaba umakhenikha eyodwa kuphela. Kancane kancane injini diesel esikhundleni umusi kanye kwaduma kuwo wonke imikhumbi ulwandle futhi ikilasi emfuleni. Kube isidingo ekukhiqizweni ukuthi maduze esungulwe abantu besikhathi entsha Rudolf Udizili nge iqhaza lakhe ngqo.

I pistons yenjini udizili ku engxenyeni engenhla ekhosombeni zokusebenza okunomthelela omawala ekamelweni amandla omlilo. Ngomsebenzi wokugqokwa yenjini kumele zibe ngeyodwa isimo - fuel ingxube Lizakubalela. Phakathi nalokho kubingelelana, luvele luyasebenza motor Ukushisa kwenzeka ngokwalo. Futhi ukuqala iyunithi ngisho isizini efudumele has ukufudumeza ohlelweni. Ukuze wenze lokhu kuzo zonke injini diesel eyakhelwe ekhethekile kukhanya.

Universal TSI injini

Owawina lo "Engine of the Year 'ngo-2006, 2007 no-2008. I eziphambili kakhulu injini muva. TSI injini, ukudalulwa kwalo okungahle kungathatha ezingaphezu kweyodwa, ke ingenye izinjini kahle kakhulu isikhathi sethu. Umgomo we operation yayo ngenxa isicelo ezimbili fuel injection ubuchwepheshe kanye ukutholakala compressor, eletha ingxube fuel ngaphansi kwengcindezi.

TSI injini - kuyinto zithwesiwe ubuchwepheshe besimanje kunazo, kodwa umshini idinga ukunakwa obuphelele. Lapho izinsizakalo injini, sebenzisa kuphela izimpahla ephezulu, nendlela osebenza ngayo ukulungisa ngesikhathi esifanele. Esibucayi kakhulu ingxenye TSI injini - compressor, ifakwe gear olukhethekile, okwandisa ijubane layo ayizinkulungwane 17 ngomzuzu, esinikela esiphezulu umfutho wegazi.

I TSI injini, ukudalulwa kwalo okungahle kuyohlale kuntula uma ngingenaye Ukhulumé kwamaphutha okuphawulekayo nenkathi ebandayo sekuqala ukufudumala kancane kakhulu. Usebenza umshini ne TSI injini emakhazeni ayikwazi ukuba amahora salon ongema okushisa ngezansi zero. Futhi ngenkathi esifudumele ukonga ongaphakeme isivinini injini nokusebenza kakhulu i.

"Volkswagen", izinjini

German "imoto zabantu" ngo-2000 wakhetha onobuhle ukukhiqizwa yabo motors oluqanjwe TSI ubuchwepheshe, kanye FSI. Inkampani German namuhla nomkhiqizi kuphela emhlabeni ukunikela izinjini TSI futhi FSI njengoba eziyisisekelo cishe yonke imifanekiso yayo. Incazelo izinjini "Volkswagen", ikakhulukazi TSI injini isivele kwenziwe ngenhla. Izimpawu generalized, kodwa ngempela ulwazi.

Engine Incazelo FSI kungcono ukuqala traction yayo ezingaphathelana ziyahlukahluka phakathi 120-140 l. a. Motor ukonga ngokuphila isikhathi eside. FSI (Phethilomu Injection wakubo) ngokuvamile lihunyushwa ngokuthi "umjovo wakubo".

Umehluko omkhulu kusukela injini FSI nezinye izitshalo amandla ohlelweni ezimbili iluphu kuyinto ingcindezi ongaphakeme kanye eliphezulu. Okuphansi ingcindezi isifunda sihlanganisa iSifundazwe ethangini fuel, uphethiloli futha kanye lemifanekiso. High-ingcindezi wesifunda ngokuqondile umjovo nophethiloli. Umgomo we operation isekelwe FSI injini esokuba umjovo alinganisiwe uphethiloli nge futha nophethiloli. I umthamo kushintshwe ngokuzenzakalelayo usebenzisa ongaphakeme ingcindezi transducer. Inani uphethiloli incike inani linemibhikisho. I isinyathelo namafutha ayidingeki kakade isimiso, nakuba lilondolozwe imoto.

incazelo injini Volkswagen FSI ongasetshenziselwa ukulekelela ngedatha ku-cost-ukusebenza nekghono eliphezulu.

Motors 'Opel'

abakhiqizi imoto German njalo e zincintisana. nemoto brand "Opel" zinokwethenjelwa futhi elula. Ukuthandwa onobuhle "umbani" ku hood kusekelwa yokuthengisa njalo okusezingeni eliphezulu. Uma umthengi uya ukuthenga i azibizi, kulula ukugcina umshini, akhetha "Opel". Izinjini, incazelo zazo likhona ngemibhalo yomsebenzi wemoto ihlukaniswa ngegama imodeli. Ngokwesibonelo, imoto "Opel Corsa" ayihlomele Opel Corsa BC 1,2 16V Ecotec 3. Ngesikhathi imoto ukukhwezwa motor Astra Opel z19DTH Astra III 16V 150k. Kodwa, kanye lokhu, zikhona eziningi izitshalo amandla okwakha, okuyinto ingafakwa kungakhathaliseki Inkomba negama.

Togliatti isitshalo

Incazelo injini Vaz eyinkimbinkimbi akuyona - kunezinhlobo ezimbili kuphela. Izinjini ngoba ezingemuva-wheel drive izimoto Vaz-2101, 2102, 2103, 2104, 2105, 2106 kanye 2107 - uphiko four cylinder mayelana amandla futhi emaphaketheni. Futhi izinjini for phambili isondo onobuhle Vaz-2108 futhi Vaz-2109 kanye ukuhlela kabusha yayo.

Zonke izinjini Vaz zinokwethenjelwa futhi linesizotha ukusebenza. Ukulungiswa ukuthungela isikhathi futhi umphini imvume ngempela kufinyeleleke umshayeli, kuphela kudingeka azi isikimu kanye ukulandelana izenzo. izinjini Vysokooborotisty futhi impendulo mpintsha. Resource akuyona likhulu kakhulu, kodwa ukulungisa nge esikhundleni piston izindandatho liner, induku main futhi yokuxhuma, akuyona inkinga.

Incazelo injini "Toyota"

Motors eyaziwa Japanese nomkhiqizi compact, four cylinder, mhlawumbe a ilungiselelo wesiphambano zizikhandle kakhulu. Umjovo uphethiloli izinjini usebenza isimiso umjovo oqondile. valve amane isilinda ngayinye uvumele valve ukuletha inqubo ekupheleleni.

Engine kahle uphawu 'Toyota "kabanzi eyaziwa, ngaphandle nomkhiqizi abadumile engakaze ibonwe okuqukethwe CO2 ongaphakeme ku qeda amagesi flue. motors yomkhiqizo esiqokiwe iqoqo ofeleba Latin lihambisana zesi-Arabhu. Ayikho amagama kungukuthi wanezela.

Resource injini "Toyota" kuza up amakhilomitha ayinkulungwane 300, bese akazange ngisho kudingeka ukulungiswa ezinkulu, ngokwanele ukukhulula bolimi piston izindandatho nokuhlanza ohlelweni ukupholisa. Ngemva ekuvimbeleni ngempumelelo motor amancane uyaqhubeka ukugijima.

BMW powerplant

Ububanzi izinjini wenkampani German "Bavaria Motor Werke" lisabalele okungaphezu kwalokho abakhiqizi Japanese. Izimpahla BMW - uxhumekile kwi-inthanethi amane anamathandathu cylinder izinjini, V emise "eziyisishiyagalombili" futhi "eziyishumi", njengoba nambili-samanje, ikakhulukazi izinjini ezinamandla. Iningi BMW izinjini ekhiqizwa in SOHC futhi DOHC format.

motors onophawu ngokuphindaphindiwe baba Othumbe iphaliswano "Engine of the Year ', isibonelo S85B50 brand wathola 11 imiklomelo esikhathini kusuka 2005 kuya 2008.

Izinjini "BMW", ukudalulwa kwalo okungahle kunzima ngenxa inani elikhulu ukulungiswa lingachazwa ngokuthi superreliable, lokubolekwa ezilinganiswe ngokuphelele.

Izinjini Zavolzhsky injini isitshalo

Ububanzi powertrains, ZMZ akhiqizwa Trans-iVolga, kuba impela nesizotha. Lesi sitshalo ukhiqiza kuphela ezimbalwa ezenezelwe emandleni isilinganiso. Kodwa kuyafaneleka inombolo umxhwele imikhiqizo. Engine brand "ZMZ-406" ukhiphe uchungechunge elilodwa amakhophi sesigidi. Motor efakwe kwi izimoto, "GAS" Gorky isitshalo. Phakathi kwabo, "iNsephe", "iVolga-3110" futhi "iVolga-3102".

Uyini injini 406? Kuchaziwe ngezansi.

Motor itholakala nge injector ngaphansi nesiqu 406-2.10 futhi ugijima on uphethiloli AI-92. Umshini emotweni lapho kuhlanganiswa khona umoya nomusi kaphethiloli 406-1 version yakhelwe uphethiloli nge isilinganiso octane-76 Enye injini kaphethiloli, 406-3 egijima ku high-octane fuel, uphethiloli AI-95. Zonke izinjini anemisila uchungechunge 406 Bosch electronics nocingo ezimbili ukuthungela.

Ukulungisa we yangaphakathi omlilo injini

imoto injini design kudinga gqwa yesondlo ukukhalima amayunithi ngabanye noma kulungiswe wonke iyunithi iyonke. Injini kuhlanganisa isilinda block, crankshaft, izinduku yokuxhuma, pistons nge kokucindezelwa namafutha bushelelezi izindandatho, block ikhanda ne camshaft kuhlanganise camshaft uchungechunge drive valve.

Ngezinye Ukuwohloka amayunithi ngabanye noma lonke imoto iyonke senziwa engasebenziseki esikhundleni izingxenye. Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi "injini ukulungisa." I-motor imisebenzi nokuvuselelwa incazelo lunikeziwe izincwadi, nge imiyalelo enemininingwane. ukulungiswa ezincane kungenziwa bebodwa, eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, ezidinga imishini ekhethekile, kungcono ubambe Technical Centre.

Lapho kulungiswe omlilo yangaphakathi injini kufanele uqale ukucacisa degree zokukhandleka. Lokhu kudinga ngoba uyayazi imbangela. Ngokuvamile, lapho uwoyela ingcindezi liyadingeka esikhundleni impande ifaka crankshaft nokuxhuma induku amabombo. Uma namajenali crankshaft sezigugile, kufanele ambiwa ngaphansi ubukhulu ukulungisa bese ufake ifaka ezifanele. Kuleso simo, uma ezigugile esibukweni isilinda iyunithi zapresovyvayutsya igobolondo entsha noma ubudala ambiwa ngaphansi ubukhulu ukulungisa nge ukufakwa alandelayo pistons entsha futhi amasongo entsha. Nge kwenaba kancane nje ushintshe izindandatho kokucindezelwa kubuyiselwa. I Kungashiwo okufanayo mayelana ifaka sekushiwo. Uma ukukhiqizwa womagazini crankshaft incane, ungakwazi kuphela esikhundleni pads wenze isidina. Kulokhu, umthamo kawoyela evamile, kanti injini olusha uzolunga ukusebenza.