Imigomo ukulethwa Incoterms 2010

Imigomo ukulethwa - iqoqo imithetho elawula kanjani futhi ngasiphi isikhathi izimpahla izakukhashelwa ngapha nangapha njengoba izokhokhela, ukuthathelwa umshuwalense, onomthwalo wemfanelo ukuphepha esikhathini esithile yokuthutha kanye nezinye.

A ingxenye enkulu yohwebo emhlabeni zaba ukuhwebelana kwamazwe omhlaba, okuyinto kudala isidingo ubunye imithetho ikalishi kwezimpahla kuncike nomthetho kazwelonke. Ngenxa yale njongo iminyaka ecishe ibe ngu-80 eminyakeni, ekhishwe International obusa kutolikwe yohwebo imigomo (Incoterms), equkethe imigomo eyisisekelo ukulethwa.

Mangisho ukuthi ukusetshenziswa Incoterms ezweni lakithi ngesincomo. Kodwa uma kukhona ukubhekisela izimo eziyisisekelo ebekwe imithetho yesivumelwano, ukuhambisana kuba saziso. Konke okunye kufanele aqondiswe esigabeni sesine Code Civil, okuyinto ucacisile inqubo isicelo ezithile nemikhuba yebhizinisi (Article 1211).

Okwamanje, ukuhweba isetshenziswa amazwi alo Incoterms 2010. Le mithetho aqukethe amalungiselelo main nanye, ezembula futhi ngokuya ukulethwa. Ezinye zazo azisebenzi oyedwa uhlobo ezokuthutha, futhi lonke uchungechunge abathwali. Kusukela inguqulo yangaphambili (2000) nemithetho zihlukile kuleyo ayebonakala Amaforamu Dat kanye DAP, owathatha imigomo ukulethwa DAF, DDU, DEQ futhi DES.

Igama elithi DAF ngaphansi iziqondiso ubudala kwakusho ukuthi supply kwezimpahla eyenziwa umdayisi kumthengi endaweni okuthiwa bese ubeka ngaso emngceleni (ngaphambi kokuthuthela izimpahla namasiko, kudlule nasemkhawulweni ka ohlangothini umthengi). Lapho lo mkhiqizo isidlulile custom procedure ukuthekelisa futhi ungazange okwamanje isusiwe imoto. Ngakho, into ukulethwa usazoba kuncike amasiko nezinqubo ukungeniswa.

Incoterms imithetho (edition 2010) iqukethe izinqubo eziyisisekelo eziyisikhombisa ngoba zonke izindlela zezokuthutha kanye nezinqubo ezine phakathi nezwe mfula ezokuthutha kanye ezokuthutha zasolwandle. Eyokuqala imithetho ukuhlukahluka zihlanganisa: DPP (izimpahla ezilethwa ekukhokheni izimali), DAP (Delivery lapho uya khona), Dat (izimpahla ezilethwa amasiko esibulalayo), EXW (ukulethwa ex-imisebenzi), yezimali zikagesi.BREAK (Shipping Mahhala yenkampani yenethiwekhi), kanye CIP futhi CPT, okuyinto esimweni sokuqala izimo ukulethwa abonisa ukuthi ukuthutha kanye yomshuwalense ikhokhelwe endaweni ethile, futhi ukuthutha yesibili ikhokhwe kuphela iphuzu elithile.

Imigomo ukulethwa Fob, njengoba FAS, VGA futhi CFR zisikisela ukuthi wezimpahla ufulathela itheku futhi wafika ethekwini. Le mithetho ibe khona version odlule, kodwa inguqulo entsha yethulwa igama elithi "iBhodi", esiye sathatha indawo elithi "wesitimela" njengesinyathelo sokuqala wokuthumela zonke ngaphandle FAS amacala. Imigomo ukulethwa ilungelo lokugcina ukuphetha ngokuthi msebenzi wenziwa, uma umdayisi ugcwalisé kudingekile amasiko izinyathelo ukuthekelisa, ayeletha izimpahla ku bavumelana inkontileka port ambopha eceleni umkhumbi ngesikhathi esebhokisini labasolwa, isikebhe esinesinqe esibanzi sokuthwala impahla kanye nabanye. Izinqubo yokungenisa, kuhlanganise nokukhokhwa imisebenzi namasiko, lapha umdayisi uzihlanganisa.

inqubo Fob izitshela ukuthi nomthengisi ilethe izimpahla ebhodini yesivumelwano isitsha, VGA - ukuthi umdayisi ediliva izimpahla ebhodini, okhokhela yizimpahla endaweni oya kuyo futhi umshwalense (ngokuvamile ngekhava ubuncane), kanye CFR - ukuthi imisebenzi umphakeli kuhlanganisa wezimpahla ukulethwa kuphela imbobo ethize ukukhokha yezimpahla. nikeza oda akhethiwe esimweni ngasinye, njengoba Imbobo ngamunye inquma izimo ke ongasebenza ngemikhumbi ehlukahlukene impahla emikhunjini ngaphansi kwazo.