Idivayisi yiso womuntu. abayizimpumputhe-spot

Indawo izimpumputhe yisici kungayinaki ukukhanyisa kuyi-retina. Kuyinto ejwayelekile ngoba iso lomuntu enempilo. Kukhona indawo izimpumputhe ngenxa idivayisi eyinqaba we inhlamvu yeso. Kuleli sayithi le izinzwa e-retina iya phezulu, Bazophuma e emsipheni optic, futhi yena, sidlula retina ngakolunye uhlangothi. Lendawo iso Sinezinzwa ezenza ukukhanya, ngokufanele, akakuboni esizibonayo.

Lokhu engenangqondo isakhiwo iso uyimbangela ngokuya kwemvelo. Cephalopods esweni lakhe akukho ezibukweni akuzona. Ngezinye ingwane, isibonelo, yakheke izinzwa e emsipheni optic ngakolunye uhlangothi retina. Ezinye ozama ukunikeza incazelo enengqondo ukuze lokhu mkhuba futhi ukulicubungula ngokoMthetho "umnotho" yemvelo amandla futhi esebenza kahle we photopigments nsiza.

Kukhona izindawo ezingabonakali ezibukweni esweni ngalinye, futhi unekhono ukuba izinhlangothi zazo ziyalingana. Umuntu yobukhona babo ngokulambisa izaziso. Ukuze indawo okulele izimpumputhe esweni, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa ukuhlolwa image ekhethekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umsebenzi zobuchopho ilungisa izitho okuqonda yesithombe, ngenxa yalokho, sibona isithombe ephelele into ngaphandle kokuthikanyezwa, futhi amabala.

Ngakho, amadivayisi iso futhi ikakhulukazi CNS umsebenzi unike amandla umuntu ukuba agxilise yona into nesithakazelo. Kungakhathaliseki inzalo nje isuke ibangelwa isidingo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi obubangelwa ubuhle elihlukile ifomu, noma kunjalo, iso elihle ikuvumela ukuba uthole lonke ulwazi olufanele ezibukwayo.

Uma sicabanga kabanzi ukwakheka iso womuntu, kungatholakala etholakala maphakathi fundus ngaba nokucindezeleka encane, futhi ibizwa nangokuthi i lo fossa emaphakathi. Le ndawo maphakathi amnandi "izithombe". Ngakho, isici esiyinhloko lozalo emehlweni isiqondiso axially eduze fossa emaphakathi kanye maphakathi lens tesifundvo.

Indawo eseduze naleli fovea liye laba yindawo indawo macular. Le ndawo unesibopho umbono imini okungcono kombala. Ukususwa kwezimiso imiphumela macula e nokuncipha inani Izigaxa ngwengwzi nama-rod ukwandisa okuqukethwe. It izinduku banesibopho embonweni wasebusuku futhi ngikhonze njengomshumayeli wesikhathi kusho amafomu amnandi. Kunjalo eduze macula futhi endaweni abayizimpumputhe. Njengoba kubaluliwe phambilini, lokhu site imahhala futhi ku Izigaxa, futhi kusukela izinti. Glade kuya optic nerve papilla abakwazi ukubona noma yini.

kudivayisi iso kunengqondo kakhulu. Le divayisi optical has a yemvelo ukusebenza eliphezulu futhi uyakwazi ukuhlinzeka kuze kube amaphesenti ayisishiyagalolunye ulwazi etholwe ubuchopho bomuntu.

Empeleni, ukuba khona endaweni ukukhanya kuphela irrationality zemvelo kule nokwakheka iso womuntu, okuyinto ngokugcwele inxeshezelwa yokusebenza kwalo ngezindlela eziningi. Uma fossa emaphakathi kanye indawo ophuzi banesibopho ukukukhanyisa isithombe bese bezibona engcono yokukhanya, phezu ingxenye neuropathy zasendle, okuthiwa nombono ocacile, icala umsebenzi ukwakha isizinda nokuqinisekisa igunya isikhungo. Kube sekulandela azungeze ezikude, kubangela bezibona jikelele futhi ine ukuzwela kwabaningi Amarobhothi. Futhi azungeze furthest, engewona nokho ngisho imisebe yokukhanya, kudala eziyisisekelo zero-umbala. Kuyinto yekucala Ngokuqhathanisa umbala emizweni.

Ngokokuqala ngqá endaweni eyimputhe 1668 echazwe Edme Mariotte. Ukuze inkosi French uLouis XIV, lokhu okutholakele isibe hlobo lokuzilibazisa. Wayefanele enkulu engenampilo kokubona izikhonzi zakhe njengoba they were ngaphandle amakhanda. Kwakukhona izincwadi zanamuhla ngaphandle kokusebenzisa isithombe izici bokuphila isakhiwo ehlweni lomuntu. Incwadi "Stalker. indawo Blind "Victor Nochkin isibonelo okusobala.