Helicobacter pylori: kuyini? Helicobacter pylori: ayingozi, ukuhlaziywa, Izimpawu kanye Ukwelashwa

Namuhla, abaningi bethu bayazi ukuthi igciwane elincane nge eziyinkimbinkimbi ngokuthi Helicobacter pylori kungabangela izifo ezifana isilonda esiswini. Umlando kokutholakala lokhu silwanyana akuyona welulela amakhulu eminyaka. Sekuyisikhathi eside Helicobacter pylori wafunda, wayengafuni ukukwamukela lokhu, futhi ekugcineni, ekugcineni bathola yendima yayo ekuqhubeleni okuvela izifo wokugaya ukudla. Hlobo luni igciwane futhi kanjani ukuqeda kungaba?

Imininingwane umzimba ezincane

Kuze kube manje, ososayensi kakade eziningi Helicobacter pylori. Kuyini umzimba ezincane, nokuthi akanayo kuyi-nucleus yengqamuzana, abacwaningi bathola khona kanye ekuqaleni isifundo sakhe. Isiphetho lososayensi: i-bacterium ifomu endala yokuphila. Akumangazi-ke ukuthi okujwayelekile imvelo. Kuwufanele ethi lesi silwanyana watholwa kuphela abantu kodwa futhi asemigodini yezintaba-mlilo.

zamagciwane Abaningi amagciwane kubalulekile ukuba khona. Ngosizo lwabo ukuthuthukiswa ezinye izinto eziwusizo (isib uvithamini A) kwenzeka emzimbeni womuntu. Ezinye izinhlobo zawo webhaktheriya ukuvikela izingqimba olukha phezulu le epithelium (urinary futhi ushise imigudu yomoya, ipheshana wokugaya ukudla, isikhumba) by nezilwanyana ezincane pathogenic. Nokho, inani labo ngeke kukhonjwe Helicobacter pylori. Ziyini lezi amagciwane? Kuthathwa pathogenic kanye izimbangela ukulimaza emzimbeni.

Yini waqinisekisa pathogenicity amagciwane? Into wukuthi zonke Amagciwane benezingane eziningi izici zayo. Sinenkosi:

- amandla zofuzo parasitism;
- Organotropona (nezimo ukuze lesion ezicutshini futhi izitho zomzimba womuntu);
- toxigenic, okusho ikhono ukukhulula ezinobuthi;
- ngokucacile (ekubeni imbangela izifo ezithathelwanayo);
- ikhono khona emzimbeni isikhathi eside, noma ukuphikelela.

Umlando yokutholakala

Emuva ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19. ososayensi abaningi abakwazanga ngokuqiniseka okuphelele uphendula lo mbuzo: "Helicobacter pylori - kuyini?" Kepha nangalezo zinsuku, abacwaningi abaningi bazitshela ukuthi ezinjalo izifo esiswini njengoba izilonda, kolwelwesi nomdlavuza, abahlangene izifo. Batholwe le isikhwehlela lomzimba lesiguli amabhaktheriya nge shape isici Kuvunguza. Nokho, izifundo ezivela amagciwane esiswini, kanye imvelo bangaphandle, wafa ngokushesha, futhi kumelwe ngibahlole kwakungenakwenzeka.

Ukuze siphendule lo mbuzo: "? Helicobacter pylori - kuyini" Abacwaningi bakwazi kamuva nje leminyaka. Kuphela ngo-1983, ososayensi e-Australian Barry Marshall futhi Robin Warren utshele izwe ukuthi isikhwehlela esiswini kubantu abaphethwe kolwelwesi ezingamahlalakhona kanye nezilonda peptic, bathola amagciwane Kuvunguza.

Kulo nyaka kungunyaka kokutholakala Helicobacter pylori, njengoba kushicilelwe wenza ngasekupheleni 19 c., Were ngalesisikhathi ukhohlwe ngokuphepha. gastroenterologists Iningi ezikhonjwe njengoba izimbangela eziyinhloko esiswini pathologies ukucindezeleka nokudla okungafanele, yofuzo, ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile ukudla ngokweqile okubabayo nokunye. N.

amagciwane ingozi

Vula ososayensi Australian silwanyana uhlukile. Kuze 1983 kwakucatshangwa ukuthi esiswini ngeke kube khona kungekho ama-bacterium, ngoba kuyinto nolaka hydrochloric acid. Nokho, Helicobacter pylori uye wabonisa ukuthi ayengamanga lokhu nokucabanga. Lokhu igciwane Kuvunguza uyakwazi ukusinda esiswini duodenum.

Ingozi yalesi silwanyana udokotela-usosayensi B. Marshall wazibonakalisa ngokwami. Yena itheleleke ngamabomu yena Helicobacter hilori. Ngemva kwalokho, wakha kolwelwesi.

Indaba yonke ikhuluma has enesiphetho esijabulisayo. UDkt kwafakazela ukuzibandakanya kwegciwane ukuthuthukiswa kwe-pathology ka ipheshana wokugaya ukudla. Yena ngiyilahle kolwelwesi ngemuva kokuchitha amasonto amabili Yiqiniso yokwelapha ngemithi elwa namagciwane, futhi ithole kanye Robert Warren uMklomelo KaNobel.

Kamuva, ezinye Helicobacter izinhlobo zawo ziye zatholakala. Ezinye zazo yilezi imbangela yezifo ezithathelwanayo kubantu.

amagciwane habitat

Helicobacter pylori kuyinto silwanyana ukuthi uyakwazi ukuzivumelanisa abahlala esiswini antral. Igciwane ukutholwa avikele izingqimba thick slime ungqimba okuyinto imbozwe engaphakathi komzimba. Kuyinto kule ndawo kukhona imvelo kokungathathi hlangothi lapho kukhona nhlobo umoya-mpilo.

Ayikho amagciwane Helicobacter pylori izimbangi azikashintshi. Wachaza ezolile eveza futhi igcina labantu babo phakela okuqukethwe isisu. inkinga yakhe okuwukuphela kwayo ukuphikiswa umzimba ozivikela.

Ngenxa flagella yayo webhaktheriya deftly futhi ngokushesha ukuhambisa e esiswini juice ezinyakazayo sokuval ibhodlela. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kuba njalo colonizes ezindaweni ezintsha. Ukuze bazigcine bephila endaweni enobutha, Helicobacter pylori urease avelele. Lokhu enzyme oluhambelana, okuyinto neutralizes le hydrochloric acid endaweni ezungeze lesi silwanyana. Ngakho, igciwane Onqobayo kalula esiyingozi kubo bonke imvelo ophilayo futhi ifinyelela yayinjalo mucosa izingqimba.
lwegciwane Obucashe itholakala ikhono layo secrete izinto ezikhethekile avumela yokuphunyuka aphethe mzimba impendulo amabutho.

I-bacterium silwanyana phezu mucosa esiswini alibulale. Lokhu kuholela ukubukeka izilonda ezincane. Khona-ke inqubo sibe sibi. umzimba ezinobungozi iqala ukubhubhisa lesisu, okuyinto iba imbangela isilonda.

Ukwanda amagciwane

H. pylori uhlala ipheshana yesisu cishe kwesigamu abakhileyo iplanethi yethu. Nokho, ezimweni eziningi, igciwane pathogenic akazivezi uqobo. Kukholakala ukuthi kukhona Helicobacter pylori ezinganeni zisencane. Lingena emzimbeni ingane labangani asondelene nabo noma amalungu omndeni. Indlela yokudlulisela ngokuvamile uxhumane-yasendlini, ngokusebenzisa Kissing, izinto jikelele, njll Lokhu kufakazelwa iqiniso lokuthi, njengoba umthetho, bane kanye wonke amalungu omkhaya.

Umuntu onegciwane bangaphila nale igciwane lonke ekuphileni futhi akazange ngisho ukwazi khona kwakhe lwegciwane esiswini. Yingakho kungekho izinyathelo ezikhethekile ukuhlonza lezi abezindaba ezinonya wenziwa. Kodwa kulabo abaphethwe izimpawu ipheshana wokugaya ukudla, kungasiza Yiqiniso kwama-antibiotic.

Izimpawu zokuqala khona ama-bacterium

Helicobacter pylori kubangela kolwelwesi noma izilonda isisu ebukhoneni nezici ezithile. Lokhu kungaba izikhala ekudleni kwehlisa amasosha omzimba, ukucindezeleka, nokunye. D.

Ukubonakaliswa sifo iqala nge ukungasebenzi kwekhono ipheshana wokugaya ukudla. Uma kukhona isilungulela, ukungakhululeki emva kokudla umuntu, onukayo, ukungakuthandi ukudla okungazelelwe kwesisindo, kanye nezinkinga ngesitulo, ke lena isignali kuqala ukuthi umzimba waqala luntengantenge.

Ngezinye izikhathi Helicobacter pylori izenze nesenzakalo kwaziwayo ukuqubuka esikhumbeni. Ezinye iziguli ukuya beautician, bangaqondi ngokuba khona izinto eziphilayo ezincane esiswini.

Phezu ukuthola izimpawu zesifo ezichazwe ngenhla kufanele axhumane ngokushesha ne udokotela, ngubani kumelwe ukuhlonza isifo. Lokho uphethwe esifike ngesikhathi futhi lunembile kuzoncika ukuphumelela ukwelashwa okwalandela.

izindlela zocwaningo

Yini isiguli uzodinga iphumelele ekuhlolweni ukuthi udokotela wakwazi bamfaka okuyikona?

Kuze kube manje, izindlela ezisetshenziselwa zokwelapha, ukucacisa khona ama-bacterium ayingozi emzimbeni womuntu. Lapho kuvela izimpawu zokuqala zokugula izifundo ezilandelayo abelwa:

1. Ukuhlolwa Helicobacter pylori egazini. Ucwaningo lwenziwa ukuze khona kwamasosha omzimba ezingesiyo ezingaphezu kuka-bacterium isignali ukuthola amabutho mzimba zomzimba.

2. Ukuhlaziya Helicobacter pylori indle. izifundo okuqhubekayo embule khona impahla kwezakhi amagciwane ayingozi.

3. umoya test. Ngosizo Ochwepheshe bayakwazi ukunquma umsebenzi Helicobacter pylori urease, elise esiswini.

4. izifundo cytological. Le ndlela kuhilela ukuthola ama-bacterium ayingozi usebenzisa ngesibonakhulu lapho ucabangela mucosa amasampula esiswini.

Ukuze uphethwe kwadingeka ukunemba eliphakeme, odokotela zaphathwa isiguli ezahlukene izindlela okungenani ezimbili zocwaningo.

ukuhlolwa kwegazi

Lolu cwaningo ngokuthi ELISA. Leli gama akusho ukuthi ezinye, njengoba Immunoassay ukuhlaziya igazi. Lolu cwaningo olwenziwa ukucacisa amagciwane pylori Helicobacter.

IFA - ukuhlaziya plasma yegazi. Phakathi nesifundo of izinto eziphilayo azithathe etholwe ezihlukahlukene zamakhemikhali kuyenziwa. Asiza ukunquma omzimba titers noma emakamu mayelana helikobakterioza lwegciwane. Kuyini yaleli su? Liyakwazi ukuzwa khona masosha omzimba oketshezini olungenambala lwegazi, yikuphi okwenza omzimba omuntu uma udle amaprotheni angaphandle (kuba igciwane eyingozi).

Kwezinye izimo singase sikwazi ukukhuluma mayelana nokuba khona Helicobacter pylori esiswini? Ukuba khona yingozi amagciwane kukhona imiphumela eqinisekisa khona masosha omzimba egazini. Kodwa zikhona umehluko wemisindo nemiqondo yamagama athile. Kubalulekile nokukhumbula ukuthi ngisho uma ukuhlolwa kwegazi emagama ku Helicobacter pylori wawumuhle, awusebenzi ukunikeza isiqinisekiso ngokuphelele ukuba khona ukutheleleka emzimbeni. Ngemva amasosha omzimba igazi qhubeka abanye, ngezinye izikhathi isikhathi eside emzimbeni womuntu balahle namagciwane ayingozi.

Ngezinye izikhathi kuyenzeka ukuthi umuntu enikela igazi ku Helicobacter pylori. Ukulotshwa ukuhlaziywa sikhombisa ezimbi (ngezansi amayunithi 12.5 / ml). Kunengqondo ukuphetha ngokuthi konke kulungile, kodwa ... Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi le nkulumo ye-mzimba impendulo uhlelo isikhathi kuba sengathi nje ezinye ngemva kokuthola amagciwane angena emzimbeni. Yingakho imiphumela ezinye zokuvivinywa lozhnonegativnymi. amagciwane Pathogenic kakade emzimbeni, izivikeli mzimba kodwa impendulo yalo ongakabi ukunikezwa ngesimo kwamasosha omzimba.

Ukuze unqobe ukushiyeka kulolu cwaningo, kukhona isidingo ukwenza analysis ayingxenye ye immunoglobulin Iga, IgG futhi Igm. Lezi izinto akuzona ngaphandle izinhlobo ezahlukene amasosha omzimba ayakwazi ukukhiqiza amangqamuzana omzimba.

Yini la masosha omzimba olimele? Ngakho, IgG - yiwo atholakala ngobuningi immunoglobulin ekilasini. Kuyinto into kokuba imvelo amaprotheni. IgG ezivezwa umzimba uqala 3-4 amasonto emva kosuku ukutheleleka emzimbeni. Ngakho khona kwale immunoglobulin lokuhlushwa helikobakterioza correlates umsebenzi maqondana amagciwane. Ngemva kwenyanga, ngemuva ukususwa IgG ukutheleleka ayikwazi ukutholwa egazini.
Bambalwa amaprotheni atholakala ingxenyenamba immunoglobulin, ayisiza uhlobo M. sabo sokuqala zitholiwe igazi yesiguli itheleleke nge Helicobacter pylori.

Ngokuqondene Iga ke lena immunoglobulin secretory. Amasosha omzimba yalolu hlobo ebukhoneni ukutheleleka kungatholakala hhayi kuphela igazi kodwa futhi ngamathe futhi juice esiswini isiguli. Ukuba khona kwabo kubonisa umsebenzi eliphezulu inqubo sokugembula.

Uma ubeka kokuhlahlela Helicobacter pylori, ngesilinganiso zonke izinhlobo amasosha omzimba zitholiwe esimweni lapho ambalwa kunokuba ukuzimisela qualitative ka Iga, Igm futhi IgG. Kulezi izifundo, ochwepheshe bathi zingaba yi sokugcina kuncike eyodwa laboratory lapho ukuhlolwa zithathwa. Isebenzisa inkomba abakuzuzile kuyinsakavukela.

Kwifomu, lapho ungabona yi (Helicobacter pylori kuyinto emzimbeni noma cha), ukubeka phansi izinombolo. Amanani abo alawula izinga futhi nokuba khona zokugula ukuze yenze ireferensi amagugu etholakala amasosha omzimba umzimba.

Kukhona ama-laboratories lapho labalwa izibalo ebonisa yi ezingabazisayo ngu Helicobacter pylori (amayunithi 12.5-20 / ml). Ngalezi amagugu odokotela linqume reanalysis ushintsho. Kodwa ukuze uyibambe kuphela ngemva kwamasonto amabili noma amathathu.

Okuchaza ukuthi uma emva igazi elithekelisiwe ngoba Helicobacter pylori, isilinganiso IgG ebalulwe incazelo yaleli Imiphumela (ngezansi 0.9 U / l)? Ezimweni ezinjalo, onguchwepheshe ungenza isiphetho ngabantu ukungabi umzimba Helicobacter pylori.

Uma agqoke Helicobacter pylori kwegazi, izinga immunoglobulin Igm abonisa udokotela ngesikhathi esanda kuqala ukuthi isiguli ihlangabezana emva kokutheleleka. Uma umphumela omubi eyatholakala ngesikhathi esifanayo khona emzimbeni yezinye izinhlobo amasosha omzimba, kuyoba zibonisa ngokucacile ukungabi kwamagciwane nezifo emzimbeni.

Yini enye imiphumela etholakala ngesikhathi eloba ku Helicobacter pylori kwegazi? Norma Iga immunoglobulin ukuthi isiguli ababhekene nkathi yakuqala emva kokutheleleka. Nokho, i-inkomba ezinjalo kungase kubonise ukungabi futhi Helicobacter pylori. Lokhu kuqinisekiswa amagugu ejwayelekile ezinye izinhlobo kwamasosha omzimba.

Ukulungiselela ukuhlolwa igazi nokubeka

Ukuze wenze okungcono kakhulu thembeke sithole khona noma ukungabi khona ukutheleleka emzimbeni, odokotela ukunikeza izincomo ezithile iziguli zabo. Uma umuntu umiselwa ukuba sihlaziye Helicobacter pylori kanjani ukuthatha uthole imiphumela enokwethenjelwa kakhulu? Ochwepheshe batusa ukuba babe yingxenye ukudla imenyu okunamafutha usuku ngaphambi kokuvakashela elabhorethri. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi kuphela ekuseni ekuhlaziyweni Helicobacter pylori. Indlela ukuthatha kuso? Ukuzila Ukudla kuphela. Igazi ethathwa umthambo lesiguli. It wafakwa tube test lapho ijeli ukusonga ekhethekile eqoqwe izinto eziphilayo azithathe. Ngakho kukhona ukwehlukana yi-plasma, okwakubekelwa wahlola ngokuba khona kwamasosha omzimba.

umoya test

Urease ukuhlaziywa ukucacisa khona e umzimba Helicobacter pylori ngenxa ikhono lama-bacterium awusizo ukukhiqiza enzyme akhethekile, esivikela ke kusukela imvelo ezinzima esiswini. Lokhu enzayimu (urease) ukhiqiza wokuqhekeka urea kule ipheshana wokugaya ukudla. Ngenxa yalokho okunjena Ukwakheka kwezitho ammonia ne-carbon dioxide. Lesi sakamuva salezi zici ezimbili ikhishwe lapho ukuphefumula lesiguli.

Lokhu Assay has ukulungiswa ezintathu. Zifaka:

- Ukuhlolwa nge urea, onophawu ka isotopes enemisebe;
- ucwaningo 13C urea isetshenziswa ne isotopes non-enemisebe;
- Helic-test, esetshenziswa esikhundleni sohlelo isotopes urea.

Yini can a test umoya ku Helicobacter pylori okulotshiweyo? Norma, ekhombisa ukungabi khona ukutheleleka, okuyinto icala lapho ngingekho ngokuphelele isotopes abashe iyaphuma yisiguli.

Ngaphambi noma iluphi uvivinyo lube urease isiguli kumele inciphise edonsa amanzi nokudla. Morning ukushaywa lab esiswini esingenalutho ezenziwe. futhi hhayi Kunconywa ukuba baphuze ihora elilodwa ngaphambi kokubeletha yokuhlaziya. Zingakapheli izinsuku eziyi-1.5 ngaphambi luhlolo le isiguli singenakukwazi ukudla iklabishi kanye apula, isinkwa kanye nobhontshisi omnyama, kanye neminye imikhiqizo anomthelela ukubuyisa.

Ukususa eziyingozi amagciwane

Indlela esiphatha ngayo igciwane Helicobacter pylori? Ngoba ama-bacterium ayingozi angaba khona emzimbeni womuntu ngaphandle izimpawu, ukwelashwa wenziwa kuphela ezimweni lapho kukhona kakade kolwelwesi, izilonda nezinye izinqubo sokugembula.

Uma ibhethri i-Helicobacter pylori itholakala esiswini, indlela yokuyiphatha ngayo, udokotela uyothatha isinqumo. Ochwepheshe kuphela abazokwazi ukukhetha eyodwa yezikimu eziningi zokwelapha isiguli sakhe. Futhi uzokwenza lokho, ngokusekelwe ezicini eziqondene nesiguli, unikezwe ukusabela kwakhe kulezi noma ezinye izidakamizwa.

Ngakho-ke, i-gastroenterologist ingamiswa izindlela zokulwa nokulwa nobugebengu. Ngosizo lwabo, i-Helicobacter pylori bacteria esiswini ingaqedwa. Indlela yokwelapha isiguli ngama antibiotics? Esikwamelweni sokwamukelwa, udokotela uhlanganisa ama-pharmacy anjenge "Azithromycin", "Flemoxin", "Clarithromycin", "Levofloxacin". Futhi, amalungiselelo e-antibacterial "De-nol", "Metronidazole", njll angabekwa.

Ngesilonda esiswini nesilonda se-duodenal, i-gastritis nezinye izifo, yini enye eyenziwa ngu-Helicobacter pylori? Ukubuyekezwa kwama-gastroenterologists kubonisa ukuthi ukwelashwa okwenza ukuba kuqedwe ukutheleleka okunjalo kufanele kuhlanganise imithi eyanciphisa ukuvinjelwa kwejusi esiswini. Kule ndaba kuphela ukutheleleka kuzoba endaweni engalungile. Emasontweni ambalwa, futhi ngezinye izikhathi isikhathi eside sihlala silingana noHelicobacter pylori ukwelashwa. Impendulo yeziguli igcizelela ukusebenza kahle nokulula kwalolu thwala.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kunconywa ukuba uthathe iseluleko esivela emithini yemithi yokwelapha ekukhulekeleni okuyinkimbinkimbi. Yiqiniso, izindlela zokwelapha zemvelo ngeke zikhulule umuntu amabhaktheriya, kodwa zizosiza ekuqedeni izimpawu ezibuhlungu nasekuphuthumeni ukutholakala kwe-mucosa yesisu.

Phakathi kwamakhemikhali abantu abaphumelelayo kakhulu okulandelayo:

- izimpande ze-St. John's wort, ama-chamomile, ama-aira namaqabunga e-cranberry, anesifo sokushukela nesisindo;
- i-flax imbewu kanye namafutha, akwazi ukudala umphumela ovulekile;
- izithako ezenziwe ngezimbali ze-dogrose ne-pear.

Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa izidakamizwa zemvelo kunconywa ukuba uthintane nodokotela wakho.