Gini inkomba

Enye yezinkinga sina kakhulu emazweni asathuthuka iyona ukungalingani engenayo. Kukhula isikali yayo, abantu ngaphezulu lizwe sebeqala ukuzizwa umuzwa wokungabi nabulungisa. Ukungabi bikho kwemali kuholela ukukhathazeka njalo ngoba usuku olulandelayo, okungaholela ukweqisa ezahlukene.

Ngo zenzeka ekhulwini lamashumi amabili, osomnotho bathole indlela ukukala nomuzwa wobulungisa maqondana nokusakazwa imali ngokusebenzisa izindlela kwezibalo ezahlukene. I Gini Inkomba nje esinye salezi izinkomba. Le nkomba uvele emnothweni ngo-1912 ngenxa Ukucwaninga Italian nezibalo Korrado Dzhini.

I Gini Coefficient ivumela ukubala imali nokungalingani okukhona ezweni. namagugu awo uhla kusuka 0 kuya 1. ezincane ukubaluleka iba Gini Inkomba, kulapho nombala basakaza e ukuqhutshwa isimo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma le nkomba ivame ukuba ubunye, iningi imali kanzulu ezandleni ingxenye encane sabantu.

I Gini Coefficient. ukubala

Ukubalwa inkomba kusetshenziswa Lorenz ijika idayagramu. Selisho indawo iphahlwe i-Lorenz ijika nokuvelela umugqa njengo-A, futhi endaweni ngezansi njengoba B. Khona Gini Inkomba okulingana quotient etholwe sokuhlukanisa A kuya (A + B). Njengoba A + B = 0.5, inkomba yethu ke ingabalwa kanje: D = 2 * A = 1-2 * B. Uma sibonisa isilinganiso njengoba umsebenzi we Lorentz Y = L (X), ukubaluleka B kungatholakala besebenzisa ebalulekile.

Isimo jikelele emhlabeni simiswe ngalendlela lelandzelako:

I Gini Inkomba emazweni ukuthi zifakwe Bloc European, ezifana Slovenia, eDenmark, eNorway, eSweden, Czech Republic, ungaphakathi uhla kusuka 0.2 kuya 0.3. Lokhu akusho ukuthi ukuthola iholo yabo bonke abakhileyo kulezi amazwe ezingeni elifanayo, kodwa kunalokho iqiniso lokuthi Umcebo kazwelonke is ngokulinganayo basakaza. Ezweni ngalinye kukhona ephakeme, kwezakhi eziphakathi nendawo emphakathini, ezithinta ezabo izinhlobo ezithile impahla kanye engenayo, kodwa kukhona ukungaphathi kahle ngokucacile futhi ngokusobala ocebile.

Kulawo mazwe kabani ezomnotho athuthukiswe kahle, ezifana eJapane, e-UK, eJalimane, eSpain, eFrance nasePortugal, le Gini yisilinganiso sesifundo mayelana 0.35. Imithombo main wayenemfuyo kukhona amabhizinisi kanye nezinhlangano abasebenza yasebhange futhi yezimboni. amaqembu amabili ayinhloko ungabahlukanisa emphakathini: abami kahle futhi nguye bathambekele kakhudlwana kunabanye uthuthumele kwezomnotho kanye nezibhelu ezilandela lokhu ngokwezimali.

Amazwe lapho Gini kuphezulu (kusuka 0.45 kuya 0.55 futhi ngezinye izikhathi odlulele 0.6), kuhlanganise naseRussia, USA, Venezuela, Brazil, Guatemala, Namibia, i-El Salvador, Bolivia, Haiti naseZimbabwe. Kungase kubonakale sengathi lezi amazwe enkulu efana US neRussia ukuba ohlwini okufanayo amazwe ase-Afrika futhi Latin American? Cishe, impendulo itholakala ukungalingani wokuqeda imikhuba nesimo ngasinye nokobana kwenziwe ngendlela yalo futhi uthole imiphumela efanele.

Njengoba enye yezindlela yokuthuthukisa ukufana ukusatshalaliswa engenayo ubhekwa ukuhlinzekwa kuxhaswa kuhulumeni ngoba zezemfundo, ukuphepha komphakathi kanye nokunakekelwa kwempilo. Lokhu kwenza kube nokwenzeka ngabantu engenayo ongaphakeme ukuyothola imfundo, ukulondoloza impilo kanye ukuba izethembe ngokwengeziwe lapho ngekusasa labo.

Indlela esilandelayo ekulweni ukungalingani kusho izinguquko ohlelweni intela zezakhamizi, ikakhulukazi, ukwethulwa okuqhubekayo kwentela engenayo amazinga. Flat izinga intela ye imali sabantu, lapho, isibonelo, ukhona eRussia, uphila yokuthi abampofu bathola ampofu abacebile iyaqhubeka yanda Engcebweni yakhe.

Yiqiniso, ungasebenzisa indlela kuhlanganiswe Nokho,, izindlela ezintsha ngokuphelele ezahlukene ukuthuthukisa ukusatshalaliswa emnothweni izimali emhlabeni wonke yilezo ezithatha ayikaziwa.