Euphrosinia Kersnovskaya: Biography, izithombe kanye amaqiniso athakazelisayo

Euphrosinia Kersnovskaya - umbhali, umculi, umnikazi wezwe Bessarabian. Isiboshwa we Gulag, abathunjelwe 1941 eSiberia umsebenzi ophoqelelwe. 2200 Umbhali wesandla emakhasini Umlando, ifakwe imidwebo 700. Lesi sihloko Biography emfushane zomninindawo.

ebuntwaneni

Kersnovskaya Euphrosinia Antonovna wazalelwa e-Odessa ngo-1908. Uyise wasebenza njengoba ummeli-criminologist. Frosya wakhula intombazane emnene futhi ukucabangela ongakabi iphutha Yombango. Ngo-1919, zonke abameli benkosi, kuhlanganise nobaba wakhe, baboshwa. Yena esinda kuphela ngisindile kuqalisa. Phakathi kobusuku yavuswa le clank umndeni Kersnovskaya zikagwayi ngingqongqotha amabhuzu. Konke babe nobaba - kuyinto ukubusisa isithonjana ukukhala ekwesabeni nomkakhe kanye nabantwana bakhe. Khona-ke wasuswa ngokushesha.

kamuva Kersnovskaya watshela le ndodakazi yakhe mayelana kwasa. Zonke kwalabo ababoshwa emzini abameli (abantu 712) kwalethwa le elibuhlungu Odessa Cheka yayinesihloko Catherine Square. Lesi sakhiwo yayibiyelwe ngocingo oluhlabayo. Abantu emhlabeni ezinomsindo, jostling. Yayizamazama ezinjinini zezimoto egijima ngaphandle okokunciphisa umsindo. Yonke indawo kwakukhona Latvians futhi Chinese. Ukufika ezishiwo uhlu kuhoxiswa amaqembu 2-4.

Ukunqamula

ubaba maduze nje, futhi Kersnovskaya umkhaya wathuthela eBessarabia (kuleyo minyaka - ingxenye Romania). Baqale bahlala izindlu umndeni, etholakala edolobhaneni Tsepilova. Okunye Kersnovskaya inxuluma labhujiswa ngo-1917, Obalekela phambi amasosha.

Ukufunda

Naphezu ukunakekelwa nsuku zonke, abazali unake ngokwanele ukuba imfundo indodakazi yakhe. Euphrosinia Kersnovskaya wathola imfundo yekhethelo. Girl bagxilisa inzondo nothando izilimi, ubuciko, umculo nezincwadi. Ngemva kokuqeda isikole Frosya watimisela kuya izifundo wezilwane kanye ngempumelelo kubo. Izimo zokuphila zazishintsha njalo, ngakho-ke kudingeka ukuba bathole amakhono awusizo.

umsebenzi

Ubaba wayengenandaba ukulima. Zonke yawela emahlombe Euphrosyne, njengezinceku izisebenzi e Kersnovskaya wayengekho. umculi Ikusasa isebenza emkhakheni, ukunakekela izinkomo tidied indlu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le ntombazane yayingakaze ukufakazela omakhelwane babo njalo, ukuthi ngalesi yobudala (iminyaka engu-20), it kalula ukubhekana ngokuphumelelayo nakho konke.

On 40 amahektare amaningi endawo Kersnovskaya Euphrosinia sikhule wokusanhlamvu amagilebhisi. Ngokushesha ngemva kukayise. Ukuze ondle umkhaya wakhe, okwakumele akwenze ukutshala okusanhlamvu ukuthekelisa kanye kwezidingo. Futhi amahora ezingavamile yokuzilibazisa, yena uthanda ukuhamba nomzala wakhe abafowabo nodadewabo ukuba kolwandle noma ihhashi ogibele.

ezingabekwa zokucindezelwa kwalabo bantu

Ehlobo lika-1940 eBessarabia ezahlanganiswa eSoviet Union futhi uguqulwe le iMoldavian SSR. Ngokushesha waqala ezingabekwa zokucindezelwa kwalabo bantu mass. Frosya nomkhaya wakhe ngesikhathi azixoshwanga endlini nempahla sithathiwe. Into yokugcina zikhunjulwe Kersnovskaya zokuphila ezivamile angibuza - unina kuvulandi wendlu indlu, ama-raspberry ngesihlungo for amadombolo bese elangeni engadini amahlamvu.

ngokushesha impahla elahlekile nobab 'omncane wakhe Euphrosyne. Wasuka lapho waya nomkhaya wakhe e Romania. I Frosya kakhulu efanayo wahlala ekhaya, futhi ngezizathu zokuphepha umama ethunyelwe Bucharest. Lokhu bekenza ecacile izwe, ngenxa yokuthi wayengakwazi kalula uye ezinyangeni zokuqala sihlaselwa. Kodwa wanquma ukwabelana usizi lwabantu bakhe. Isimo sengqondo esinjalo maqondana kwelakubo safaka kusukela ebuntwaneni. Ngaphandle Kersnovskaya wayenethemba lokuthi maduze zonke izinkinga kuzophela futhi sizokwazi ukuba abuyele ekhaya. Kodwa wayeshaye eceleni.

ukuhlolwa

Njengoba "zomninindawo zangaphambili" Euphrosinia Kersnovskaya kwaba amalungelo ukuthi kuphulwe umthetho ngokuphelele. Kuyefana nasendleleni umsebenzi. Yena ngokulambisa ixazululwe isisebenzi yezinkathi ezithile epulazini izikole agronomic. Futhi ngemva kokuba zonke kwadingeka ukuba owaqashwa ukuba nabantu abehlukene kanye musa ngempela womama: ukusika izinkuni, Siphuleka iziphunzi. Lizwe ababhekwa njengezakhamuzi zalo Frosya "kuncike ngabodwa emphakathini evamile", ngakho intombazane kwadingeka achithe ubusuku emgwaqeni. iphasiphothi Soviet wanikezwa yakhe ngosuku olwandulela ukhetho ngoJanuwari 1941. Ngemva kokubukeza uhlu ukhetho, Kersnovskaya sawela lonke newsletter. Wakwenza ngoba wayekubheka egameni owesifazane "isebenza" ngaphambi kokufika amandla Soviet ngokudayisa ngomzimba.

Ngokushesha umuzi ukuze Euphrosynus ahlasela NKVD, kodwa wayengekho lapho. Wazizwa licala ngezenzo zakhe futhi wayengesabi lutho, ngakho-ke ngaya e-KGB uqobo. Cishe akunakwenzeka ukuqagela ukuthi yini ezokwenzeka kuye. Futhi okulandelayo kwenzeka - Frosya badingiselwa eSiberia. Ngaphezu kwalokho ke wathunyelwa, nezinye Bessarabian.

isixhumanisi

Kodwa ngisho ngaphansi kwezimo ezinzima yeSiberia, umculi esizayo Euphrosinia Kersnovskaya wayengafuni ukuba sibekezelele nabulungisa. Wazama funa iqiniso futhi njalo uvikela ababuthakathaka. Omunye wesifazane ngizisole engaziwa ixhegu wabelane naye ucezu ushukela. Besabela kuleso simemo, wasikisela ukuthi wayengenalo umuntu ithuba lokuhlanganyela futhi ungabonisi ubuthaka babo siqu. Impisi ukupakisha lezi ngokujwayelekile enza. Ngenhlanhla, Frosya abazange bazilalele iseluleko. Kulokhu-ke akuyona yaphenduka isilo wakwazi ukusinda.

Uma enkundleni kudlalwa out amehlo akhe: abasebenza owesifazane egawula wawa ebuthakathakeni wambuza induna lokuhlushwa elincane ikhefu. Waphendula wathi uma akasakwazi ukusebenza ke kungcono ngife. Ngemva kwalokho, induna baphenduka futhi baphindela ukuze Lodge. Euphrosyne ishanelwe ukufutheka. Yena ngathatha imbazo, wagijima elandela kuye ngenhloso ukubulala. Njengoba usuzokwenza owesifazane wayeka ngoba nje induna yayihleli emuva sakhe kuye. Kersnovskaya waqaphela - uma isiteleka manje, kuzoba nsé naye.

Ukuphunyuka

Ziyisijeziso yayinzima - owesifazane bancishwa ngokuphelele izabelo. Ngaleyo ndlela Frosya esasizobhujiswa uzinikela ekufeni okubuhlungu futhi eside ngenxa yendlala. S kungekho lutho olunye olwenzayo kodwa balekani. Njengoba behlala ezimeni akunabuntu Kersnovskaya namanje nibekezelela, kodwa ukufa isilwane efana lwalungamukelekile ngenxa yakhe. Buthaka lo wesifazane ukudabula ehlathini nengxenye ayizinkulungwane amakhilomitha. Esikhathini esizayo, izici eziningi zale "uhambo" kuyobonakala izibalo, eyanyatheliswa ngo-albhamu esihloko sithi "Rock Imidwebo" (Euphrosinia Kersnovskaya ukuwashicilela ngo-1991).

umusho omusha

Kodwa ekugcineni kwaba konke ngeze. Ngemva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa Frosya Kuboshwe endaweni lapho wayekade bazulazula aphume ehlathini, futhi wagwetshwa isigwebo sokufa. Njengoba ngiphenywa ngemibuzo, ilawudispikha kwafika ebuntwaneni ajwayelekile Kersnovskaya Tchaikovsky Italian Capriccio. Ngaphambi emehlweni abesifazane rose ingadi, ekhaya, umama nobaba esihlalweni unyakazisa. Zokuhlukunyezwa izinkumbulo bagula kakhulu ukwedlula ngokomzimba. Ngemva sinqumo umahluleli aphakanyisiwe Euphrosynus sokuba ukuxolelwa, kodwa wenqaba. Nokho, Kersnovskaya indawo isigwebo sokufa kanye neminyaka emihlanu edingisiwe futhi iminyaka eyishumi emakamu. Ngo-1944, kwanezela umnqamulajuqu omunye engu-10 ngoba "inkulumo-ze esiphikisayo izinguquko." Frosya wathola isimo isigelekeqe angalungiseki futhi lezi equkethwe kuphela emabhalekisini imodi sithuthukiswe (Bur).

ukukhululwa

Imibandela kwakunoFakazi akunabuntu. Kersnovskaya musa nje kumele ume usuku lonke bengafaké zicathulo phansi itshe ukuze ome izingubo wageza. Alondoloziwe Frosya ekamu odokotela. Bazenzelé ukuhunyushwa umbhali esizayo egunjini labagulayo. kweminyaka emibili, Heroine kwalesi sihloko Wasebenza emtholampilo, kanye ngonyaka - ku morgue. Ngemva Kersnovskaya edingekayo ukuhumusha bayifaka kushaft. Lapho, wayethemba ukuthola inkululeko kwangaphakathi, ngoba, njengoba esho, "le scoundrels ungahambi komhlaba." Ngakho Norilsk kwadingeka owesifazane wokuqala - emayini. Ngo-1957 Euphrosinia ekugcineni usule, kodwa namanje waqhubeka esebenza khona.

Ngokushesha isakhamuzi agcwele Kersnovskaya wathola ikhefu futhi ngacula iphupho lakhe zaziswe. Owesifazane waya Tsepilova lwakubo ku ethuneni likayise. Lapho, wathola balindele umlayezo enhle - nomngane wakhe wakudala yatshela unina ukuthi namanje uhlala Romania, futhi nganikeza inkulumo yayo.

eminyakeni yamuva

Ngemva kokuthatha umhlalaphansi Euphrosinia Kersnovskaya wathenga Yessentuki indlu endala nge engadini. Washeshe uyiswa umama, okuyinto wahlukaniselwa iminyaka engu-20. Eminyakeni eyalandela Frosya anakekela wakhe bexoxa okuningi ngezenzakalo obhekana nazo. Kodwa engashiyi unina, yena ayisho lutho ezethusayo ekamu. Kuphela ngemva kokufa kwakhe, wabhalela Amakhasi 2200 ka Umlando. Futhi, owesifazane kwabadonsela imifanekiso 700.

1994 - lokho Ngonyaka eyafa ngawo Euphrosinia Kersnovskaya. umbhali wencwadi ethi waphuma okwengeziwe ngokuphila kwakhe. Ngo-1982, i-Umlando lalikhona ngokusebenzisa samizdat, futhi ngo-1990 - eyanyatheliswa "Explorer" futhi leli phephabhuku namaSoviet "Banner" futhi "Spark" e iphephandaba laseBrithani. Futhi phakathi nesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe Kersnovskaya wathola nokuvuselelwa egcwele.

Kungani abantu we impi esidlule noma ekamu, unikezwa impilo ende enjalo? Mhlawumbe, ukuze bangazise ukhohlwe nakho kancane futhi uthathe ikhefu kuwo? Mhlawumbe hhayi! Evfrosinii Antonovny ukuphila kubonisa ukuthi yena wasinda wakwazi ukulandisa izizukulwane ezizayo ngezilingo ukuthi bawela isabelo sakhe futhi babafundise isibindi. Lona wesifazane akazange aphambuke nezimiso zakhe kwaba njalo indoda!

amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo

• Euphrosinia Kersnovskaya, ogama biography uvezwa ngenhla, eyaziwa kahle isiNtaliyane, iSpanishi futhi nesiNgisi. Futhi, umyalo ezinhle umculi isiJalimane, isi-Romanian futhi babekhuluma isiFulentshi kahle.
• Ukuya ukuxhumanisa Kersnovskaya abalethanga izingubo ebusika, ukucabanga ukuthi konke bayothenga kuyo leyo ndawo. Kodwa izitolo laseSiberia lutho ukuthengisa. Nabadingisiweyo kungaba ukuthenga imikhiqizo kuphela kwemvume iziphathimandla. Ngenxa yalokho, Euphrosyne ababevunyelwe ukuthenga ijakhethi kanye amabhuzu, kodwa lapho kufika yesithwathwa amane-degree.
• Disemba 3, 1941 Kersnovskaya, ngenkathi bedingiselwe, emhlanganweni club lapho Khokhrin womfundisi utshele indlela US kusiza i-USSR. Wabuza isikhulumi, kunokuba bekha ukuthi ngenxa Melika ilwa neJapane (kwakuchaza ukuthi Anti-Comintern Pact atheleka). Kuphela ngemva kwezinyanga eziningi Euphrosinia Kersnovskaya ngafunda ukuthi Khokhrin ubhale lokhu zingenakubekwa cala kuye, ucabangela umbuzo, "ukunyundela elidumile ngokumelene nokuthula izwe lase-Asia." Ngemva kwezinsuku eziyisihlanu bebe sigameko, iJapane ihlasele Pearl Harbor.
• Bambalwa bayazi ukuthi Kersnovskaya kwadingeka umzalwane osemdala okuthiwa u-Anton. Washiya Europe maphakathi no-1920, ukuthola imfundo. Ekugcineni, u-Anton kwakuhlala Paris futhi wathola umsebenzi, "isazi-mlando sezempi." Ngo-1940, ngokuqondene kugqashuka impi, lapho ngabuthelwa ebuthweni French. Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa kamuva kwavela Euphrosynus isaziso sokufa. Empeleni, u-Anton washona, futhi ulinyazwa kabi. Uzofa kuphela ngo-1944 esifweni sofuba. ngemisebenzi yaKhe izihloko ngomlando ibutho Russian maduze bazothola ukuqashelwa international. Kodwa eRussia bona ukushicilela kuphela ngemva kokuwa wase-USSR.
• Amabhulogi Heroine kwalesi sihloko isuswe tinhlelo ezimbili yobude obugcwele, "Evfrosiniya Kersnovskaya. Life "(V Meletin) kanye" albhamu "(G. Ilugdin).