DSLR-ikhamera - Iyini? Uhlolojikelele, izici, izinzuzo kanye nezici

Uma unomuzwa wokuthi amandla ikhamera yakho compact ukhawulele, kunezizathu ngokwanele ukuba banake DSLR-ikhamera. Lezi amadivayisi esine emikhulu izinzwa isithombe, yokukhanya aphakeme, Izilawuli eyizingqabavu manual, ukusebenza okuthuthukisiwe nezindlela ezihlukahlukene zokusisebenzisa of lens nezilandiso. Noma kunjalo, konke lokhu kusebenza extra kuyabiza, futhi kungaba sikhule intengo digital SLR ikhamera, ikakhulukazi ngemva yokufuna izesekeli ezengeziwe.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kumelwe kukhunjulwe ukuthi imali okutshalwa kuwo izimali DSLR-ikhamera. Uma idivayisi lokuqala kwaba Canon, kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi esilandelayo sizobe umfuziselo kamakhi efanayo, ukuhlala ukwazi ukusebenzisa lens amadala nezinye izinsimbi. Nazi izici ezibaluleke kakhulu okufanele sicatshangelwe lapho ukuthenga digital SLR ikhamera, futhi uhlu onobuhle top-ukalwe ekhona namuhla.

Ukuqonda ubukhulu inzwa

Iningi umthengi SLR ngokusebenzisa izinzwa isithombe, Ubukhulu kabani nakuba ephakeme kakhulu kunalokho ezivamile khamera, kodwa kancane lincane 35mm ifilimu uzimele. Kungenzeka Edidekile lapho bekhuluma emkhakheni Ngenxa ikhamera, njengoba ubude ebalulekile ngoba umtselela wesikhatsi ngokuvamile iqhathaniswa okulingana 35-mm. inzwa Standard APS C has a 1.5-nesibaya "kwezitshalo isici". Lokhu kusho ukuthi i-lens 18-55 mm eliza DSLRs kakhulu ihlanganisa inkambu 35mm umbono okulingana 27-82,5 mm. Lokhu eqhathanisa nge 3X zoom lens ikhamera evamile a Ubude ebalulekile 28 mm.

Ngo inzwa emikhulu kunezinzuzo eziningi. It ikuvumela ukulawula kangcono ukudepha kwenkundla isithombe - into ekhishwe inyumbazane futhi udale zangemuva ezifiphalisiwe. Lo mphumela uvame ukubizwa ngokuthi Japanese elithi "bokeh". njengoba kuye kwalotshwa okuningi sayo, kodwa ojwayelekile ukuthi ukukhanya okwengeziwe ewela matrix ukuthi anda siveza beso diaphragm noma isibalo imvamisa f, ngemuva esilufifi ngaphezulu ingatholakala. Lens nge beso esiphezulu f / 1.4 ukweqa ukukhanya izikhathi 8 ezingaphezu kuka f / 4, futhi kungaba ukudala ukudepha kwenkundla angashoni i-alinganayo ebalulekile ubude kanye sigameko ibanga.

Esinye isizathu ukuthi kuyadingeka ukuze ayeke ukukhetha ku inzwa ezinkulu - kuyinto ukunciphisa umsindo isithombe. 20-megapixel DSLR has Amaphikseli eziningi ngaphezu ikhamera ezivamile okufanayo isixazululo. Lokhu kuzovumela Amaphikseli ezinkulu usethe ukuzwela ephakeme inzwa njengoba kulinganiswe ngendlela yedijithali njengoba ISO, ngezinhlamvu ezincane umsindo isithombe. Buhle enkulu surface area itholakala lokuthi olushintsha umbala noma ukukhanya kancane kancane ukwedlula e "Insipho". Lokhu kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuze kuzuzwe ngaphezulu izithombe zemvelo ngomuzwa enkulu ukujula.

Uhlaka esigcwele amakhamera

Ezinye SLR DSLR-ikhamera (Canon EOS 6D) anemisila izinzwa bayalingana usayizi 35mm ifilimu. Lezi amadivayisi Uhlaka esigcwele ngokuvamile eqolo ngaphezu kwanoma nozakwabo nge APS-C-matrix. Uma esikhathini esizayo inhloso ukuya Uhlaka egcwele, kufanele uqaphele lapho uthenga lens. Ezinye zazo zenzelwe ukusetshenziswa ne APS-C. Canon ubiza umugqa yayo EF-S APS-C-lens, kanye lens ukumboza Uhlaka egcwele, ngokuthi EF. Nikon DSLR-amakhamera zisebenzisa indlela efanayo, eziwuphawu 'okuqoqiwe "optic inhlanganisela DX, luhlaka ngokugcwele - FX. Sony lens zabo APS C unezela isiqu DT, futhi Pentax DA lizibiza.

Ukukhetha ikhamera

Kubalulekile ukukhetha ikhamera okungukuthi ukhululekile esandleni. Nakuba DSLRs kakhulu zifana ngobukhulu futhi bewumsebenzi, isitayela isibambo, ukulawula isikhundla, kanye nezinye izici ergonomic kungahluka kakhulu.

Ekhethiwe digital DSLR ikhamera kumele kube ukhululekile kakhulu ukusebenzisa. Uma inkulu kakhulu noma amancane, ukuba ukhululekile, uma izilawuli zingabi ngendlela angathanda kulo msebenzisi, mancane kakhulu amathuba okuba ngeke bakwazi ukujabulela ngokudubula ngokugcwele.

lens reflex kusitholi sokubonwayo

Ngu definition DSLR ke ine kusitholi sokubonwayo optical ukuthi ubonisa isithombe ethunjwa lens ikhamera, kodwa akuzona zonke ezifanayo. Esibukweni eliqondisa ukukhanya komunye izinhlobo viewfinders ezimbili. Eyokuqala wabo - pentamirror - ngokuvamile atholakala kumadivayisi entry level, ezifana Canon EOS Rebel SL1 zamaRandi 549,00 noma Nikon D5500. Kulesi hlobo kusitholi sokubonwayo izithombe ezisetshenziswa ukuqondisa kabusha 3 izibuko esweni photographer, owaphenduka phezu kwalo ukuze kuvela ukuthi ilungile, njengoba kuqhathaniswa isithombe nabokhulumile kunzwa empilweni yangempela.

pentaprism

Eyesibili uhlobo kusitholi sokubonwayo DSLR-ikhamera - a pentaprism. Kuyinto okuqinile ingilazi ezindengezini, okuyinto enza into efanayo njengoba pentamirror. Okokuqala, njengoba umthetho, usinde licace kweyesibili. ukugqama Jikelele kusiza nokubiyela izithombe futhi ikuvumela ukuqinisekisa kangcono ukuthi isithombe in focus. Pentaprism ngokuvamile ziqala ukuvela phakathi nawo-range SLR amakhamera ezifana EOS Canon 80D ukubaluleka 1199,00 aseMelika, futhi indinganiso izicelo professional ezifana Canon EOS-1D X Mark II (5999,00 dollars). Pentax K-70 - omunye ambalwa entry level onobuhle kusitholi sokubonwayo zalolu hlobo, okuyinto has a Ukusabalala amaphesenti ayikhulu. Le khamera ezingabizi has encapsulation ngokugcwele ukuze isetshenziswe lina noma ngekhephu.

Iphinde kufanele sinake ukwanda iphesenti Uhlaka kanye nekhava, njengoba kunikeza umbono walokho ubukhulu langempela lesi sithombe bese ubonisa ukuthi singakanani isithombe esithwetshuliwe kungabonwa. Kuzo zombili lezi zimo kungcono ufune inombolo enkulu.

Enye: EVF

Idlanzana SLR amakhamera emakethe inikeza yesithathu ukhetho kusitholi sokubonwayo - electronic. Sony DSLR-ikhamera fixed izibuko semitransparent, ezifana Alpha 77 II, ngezinye izikhathi ibizwa SLT. Esikhundleni kabusha ukukhanya emehlweni akhe, ecabanga kunzwa i-otho focus. Uma umsebenzisi ayisethelwe kusitholi sokubonwayo optical, lezi amakhamera ukuzicabangela. Ngisho Uhlaka esigcwele Flagship Sony Alpha 99 isebenzisa ukubaluleka 1998 zamadola EVF OLED, eschewing a pentaprism ingilazi, ezivame nakwezinye Uhlaka esigcwele SLR amakhamera. Uma le ndlela kufanelekile, futhi ungahlola nekhamera mirrorless - okuqoqiwe imodeli ne ubukhulu inzwa efanayo ukuthi we DSLR izinsizi, kodwa ngaphandle nesibuko ukuthi okuphindiwe isithombe ongena ikhamera yakho ngesikhathi sangempela.

ukudubula okuqhubekayo

Kuqhathaniswa ezivamile amadivayisi obuchwepheshe DSLR-ikhamera - liphinde ngesivinini. Isikhathi phakathi kokucindezela inkinobho yokucina futhi akhombise isithombe, ngokuthi shutter lag, kanye nesikhathi phakathi isibhamu ngokuvamile kuyinkinga amakhamera ezihlangene. SLR amakhamera uthambekela ekugxileni ngokushesha okukhulu, futhi shutter lag at kubo cishe imperceptible. ukudubula okuqhubekayo ulinganiswa ngesekhondi. Kufanele ufune ikhamera ukuthi engaciba 3 k / s, nakuba bezithombe ezemidlalo zemvelo uzodinga waphansi ukuthwebula okusheshayo 5 K / s.

isivinini autofocus

Yiqiniso, uhlelo i-otho focus kumelwe ukuhambisana izinga lozimele. Basic SLR amakhamera ezifana Nikon D3300, ngokuvamile ambalwa nje AF amaphuzu, okwenza kube nzima ukulandelela izinto ezinyakazayo.

Ngesikhathi amakhamera ephezulu Canon 7d Mark II futhi Nikon D500 AF amaphuzu ezimboza ingxenye enkulu Uhlaka, abenze izintandokazi abasebenzisi wahlanganyela bethwebula imicimbi yezemidlalo kanye izilwane zasendle. Okuqhubekayo ukudubula AF futhi kuyahambisana, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukubheka ikhamera ukuthi ine ukusebenza ongangalokho amapharamitha amabili.

Ukubona esibukweni HD-isiqophi

Ukuqoshwa kwevidiyo manje isici esezingeni SLR amakhamera. Kumelwe sigxilise amehlo ngenxa yalowo igcina autofocus ngesikhathi ukurekhoda. Futhi kufanele uhlole ijubane otho focus lapho ngokudubula e bukhoma yokubuka, njengoba ngokuvamile ingaba kancanekancane. Canon seyenze inqubekela phambili okwandisa ijubane autofocus lapho uqopha ividiyo e onobuhle T6s futhi 70D, Sony ikhamera ukugxila ngokushesha ngenkathi uqopha ividiyo, kanye lapho bethwebula. Uma ngabe umsebenzisi uhlela ukusebenzisa isiqophi ngokuvamile, kubalulekile ukuba khona Jack okokufaka umbhobho - ngaphandle uyozishisa ingcono kakhulu eyakhelwe.

Telephoto Lens

Iningi entsha abasebenzisi SLR digital usizo abayi ukuthenga yokukhanya ezengeziwe, kodwa kukhona labo bebona kudingekile ukunweba ejwayelekile. Okokuqala, ngaphezu ejwayelekile 18-55 mm Telephoto lens kuyakhethwa. Isetshenziselwa, njengoba umthetho, zoom variable, ukuqala at 55 mm futhi kokuqeda nge 200 mm noma 300 mm ezokwenza likhiqize izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka isibhamu eseduze eside. Hlela izindleko yokukhanya ezinjalo kufanele ahlinzeke 200-300 aseMelika.

35mm lens

Olunye uhlobo ezidumile yokukhanya iyona esheshayo, nge engela lens evamile eyinhloko. Ngaphambi lens zoom zithandwe, ifilimu SLR amakhamera zivame unikezwe yokukhanya 50 mm f / 2. Ngenxa inzwa amancane umthengi SLR namuhla, lokhu uhambelana f 35 mm / 2.

engela Standard ukunika emkhakheni buka, okuyinto cishe izakhamuzi zaseBosnia zifana emehlweni esintu, bese uvumele okusheshayo beso sokudubula izimo ongaphakeme ukukhanya, kanye ukuhlukanisa into by ukufiphala ngemuva. Kuye intengo DSLR-ikhamera lezi lens ziyahlukahluka, kodwa kulindeleke ukuthi kuzoba uhla kusukela ngo-175 kuya 350 aseMelika.

flash yangaphandle

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi umthengi SLR amakhamera ngokuvamile babe flash esakhelwe, bezithombe eziningi zithanda ukusebenzisa amadivaysi namandla kakhulu zangaphandle. Zikhiphela ukukhanya okuningi, futhi ngokuvamile zithola zingasuswa ukuvumela ukukhanya kwezindaba into ekusebenziseni babonakalise ukukhanya. Bounce flash off the ophahleni ukuze ikhanyisa wonke ikamelo bungatholakala ngosizo idivayisi ekhethekile, kodwa musa donsa-uhlelo DSLR-ikhamera. Kuye ngezidingo e amandla ukushaja isikhathi kanye nokwenzeka ngokudlulisela flash zangaphandle kungaba 150 500 aseMelika.

isihlangu yangaphandle

Gada ngoba DSLR-ikhamera aqede ukulinganiselwa kwesikrini encane iphaneli ezingemuva ikhamera, okuyinto ayikuvumeli olunembile ngokugxila ngesikhathi sokudubula, ukuze sihambisane isaziso avelele nezithunzi, ulungise ibhalansi elimhlophe nokushutha engela enkulu.

isimame

IStabilizer DSLR-ikhamera - idivayisi ezizakunciphisa ukunyakaza ezingafuneki. Ngokwesibonelo, triaxial đi Ronin-M nge ukumiswa electronic amakhamera nesisindo 3.6 kg. It unikeza wonke umuntu inkululeko ephelele photographer ngenkathi usebenza kuma isibhamu amahora 6 - Ngalesi sikhathi, ukuphila kwebhetri kwebhethri okukodwa. Kwanele ukulungisa ikhamera nebhalansi, futhi processor esakhelwe uyoveza izilungiselelo oyifunayo. Ukunemba 0.02 ° ukwanelisa ochwepheshe olindele kunazo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, akude isimame control ne-Bluetooth futhi izicelo iOS. Asekelwe đi LightBridge module okuhambisa isiqophi at ibanga 1.5 km.

isikhwama

Enye nesisekeli esidingekayo - esikhwameni ngoba DSLR-ikhamera. Sony LCS-BDF, isibonelo, icala elula futhi icwecwe ebamba ikhamera, zoom lens futhi yokukhanya ezengeziwe. Mesh emaphaketheni ngaphambili zenzelwe yezokuthutha isitoreji media ahlukahlukene, umshini nokunye. N. Kukhona ephaketheni ezengeziwe ngemuva futhi wayibhinca ehlombe nge soft lining esikhiphekayo.