Asphalt umgwaqo uwoyela viscous (GOST)

Incwadi uma ikhuluma ngebitume - kabanzi ukwakhiwa impahla, lapho hydrophobic futhi omuhle kakhulu izakhiwo ingcina. Lusebenza ikakhulu lapho asphalting imigwaqo. Futhi, ngokuvamile kakhulu le nto lisetshenziswa njengedivaysi ungangenisi amanzi ngoba izakhiwo kanye nezinhlaka. Kulesi sihloko, yonke imininingwane sizodingida yokuthi ibitume ezinjalo, yini impahla yayo futhi isicelo.

definition

Incwadi uma ikhuluma ngebitume ngokuthi retinoid obukhulu viscous black izidakamizwa. It uqobo iza izigaxa, okuyinto ngaphambi kokusebenzisa Incibilikile at okushisa aphakeme. Ukwakheka ibitume has a eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Umelela ekhuthaza hydrocarbon lezisekelo nemikhiqizo yalo, kanye metal, umoya-mpilo, i-nitrogen. Ingabe zikhona izinto futhi zonke izinhlobo kwakwakhe hetero. Ngokuvamile, indlela yokwakheka ibitume ecebe kangaka ukuthi ukuhlonza zonke izingxenye zalo kumane nje akunakwenzeka.

kangakanani

Imikhiqizo eyinhloko esetshenziswa ukulungiswa ibitume linjengamafutha. Kukhona ezintathu eziyisisekelo kuphela izindlela zokukhiqiza le nto:

1. Lokuhlushwa amafutha asalile ngu cleaner ziphuzo zazihluzwa. Okwaphuma lapho kuyilo esithambile futhi fusible. Ngu le ndlela is etholakala bitumens vysokosmolistoy (sulfurous) uwoyela.
2. Namachibi ngesikhathi sokuhlanza (okuseleyo uwoyela) by ohlabayo-mpilo ezingeni lokushisa 180 ... + degrees 300. Kule ndlela-ke uthole impahla thermostable nokunwebeka.
3. Ukuxuba futhi oxidized distillates asalile uwoyela imikhiqizo.

ibitume yemvelo

Ezimweni eziningi le nto eyenziwe eyayenziwe ngesikhathi amasu amathathu ngenhla echazwe. Nokho, kukhona yemvelo itiyela, izici nokusebenzisa okuyinto cishe kuyafana nalokho ezivamile. Senzeka imvelo for uwoyela Amasimu futhi yakha uhlobo lens. Ngesimo okumsulwa, ibitume zemvelo cishe ingekho. Ngokuvamile, lapho impregnates iyiphi inzika. Ngokuvamile, lezi idwala elinjengoNkulunkulu sandstone noma limestone. Kulokhu, ibitume zemvelo okumsulwa etholwe kwangaphambilini ukugaya amatshe. Kwesinye isikhathi lokhu idwala nje asphaltic kuyo ingumhlabathi kahle asetshenziswa ukwakhiwa komgwaqo.

Izinhlobo ibitume ukusetshenziswa emkhakheni

On isicelo sale Sihlukaniswe saba amaqembu amane amakhulu:

• ibitume Ukwakhiwa. Isetshenziselwa ungangenisi amanzi izindonga, izisekelo, egxilile izwe izakhiwo sokhuni, nokunye. D.
• Zophahla. Isetshenziselwa isivikelo umswakama ophahleni lwezakhiwo zokuhlala, izimboni kanye nomphakathi.
• umgwaqo uma ikhuluma ngebitume. I okufana ezivamile asetshenziswe ukulungiswa amatiyela.
• Izinto zokuvala umoya. Isetshenziselwa ukuvikela yokulwa umswakama futhi ukugqwala of piping metal.

asphalt komgwaqo

okokusebenza hydrophobic is avame ukusetshenziswa izwe ngokwakha imigwaqo emikhulu. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyisisekelo ibitume:

• Viscous. Etholwe kuyi-petroleum.
• Liquid. Lokhu okuhlukile ekhiqizwa kusuka ibitume viscous. Njengoba diluent esetshenziswa kule uwoyela.

Viscous ibitume umgwaqo lisetshenziswa izwe ngokwakha imigwaqo emikhulu Ngezikhathi zasehlobo. Indaba ketshezi isetshenziswa nenkathi ebandayo. I ibitume viscous phambi emakhiyubhi kuyinto eliwu ukuncibilika lokushisa. Indaba ketshezi lingasetshenziswa kokubili abandayo futhi sekuqala ukufudumala kuya. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile ngemuva kokufakwa ngenxa izinqubo oxidative ibitume enjalo ukushwaqa futhi inika obukhulu, umswakama ukumelana ifilimu nokunwebeka.

Iziphi izici okufanele mina funa uma uthenga

Kukhona nemingcele eziyisisekelo ezintathu kuphela, okungase ukunquma izinga ibitume:

• sibalo ukuthambisa lokushisa;
• ductility (idigri ductility ibitume sesigcilikisha);
• Ukungena (viscosity).

Inkomba yokugcina kunqunywa ekushoniseni inaliti phakathi ibitume noma Isigaxa ezingeni lokushisa ethile.

wokugubha

Funda ngalokho ibitume lokho uhlobo lomsebenzi silula. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ukubheka mshini.

• ibitume Ukwakhiwa BN izincwadi.
• Road - BN noma BND.
• Zophahla - BNK.

Ngemva izinhlamvu uwadwebela Izinombolo ezimbili emva slash etshekile. Inombolo yokuqala ebonisa iphuzu ukuthambisa, kwesibili - ngezinga of viscosity. Lesi sakamuva kunqunywa ekushoniseni inaliti phakathi ibitume ezingeni lokushisa 25 ° ^C.

Izitembu ibitume viscous

Njengoba sekushiwo, a ukwaziswa okunjalo ihlinzekwa yizicucu noma imiphongolo. Lapho BN isetshenziswa asphalting (uwoyela) kanye BND (itiyela umgwaqo). Ngokusho GOST ekhiqizwa eziyishumi zama-lokhu okubalulekile (MND kusukela 200/300 ukuba 40/60, BN kusukela 200/300 ukuze 60/90).

itiyela umgwaqo Liquid

Le nto imakwe ngokwehlukile. Kukhona kuphela ezimbili izinhlobo zayo:

1. SG - ukuqina zihamba ngesivinini esingamakhilomitha.
2. MG - ukuqina kancane. Lokhu okuhlukile isetshenziswa ukwakhiwa komgwaqo e-II-V esishintshashintshayo zezulu.

Ngemva izinhlamvu Kulokhu futhi kukhona Izinombolo ezimbili emva slash elisho ovumelekile ububanzi ductility ⁽⁶⁰ ° C nge beso of 5 mm ngu viscometer).

Uma ukuthenga imidlalo udinga ukuhlola isitifiketi (ipasipoti) kulolu ketshezi itiyela umgwaqo. Mark SG, njengoba nje MG, MND kanye BN kumele athobele GOST +. Iqiniso lokuthi lokhu idokhumenti, ukukhuluma kancane aphansi.

Ukuphepha lapho kusetshenzwa ne itiyela

Uma usebenzisa le nto okufanele kube kahle baqaphe. Incwadi uma ikhuluma ngebitume uyakwazi okhela. Flammability obuhlukahlukene Inkomba uphawu kunqunywa ngakho njengoba flashpoint. Ngezinye ukwakha imigwaqo viscous, ukufulela kanye ungangenisi amanzi ibitume lingaphezulu in the ketshezi - ngezansi. Ngakho-ke, lapho esebenza yakamuva kufanele baqaphele ngokukhethekile.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho enza imisebenzi ehambisana nohlelo lokusebenza, isitoreji, ezokuthutha kanye nokunye. G. ngebitume ngoba imithetho yokuphepha zezimboni kufanele ukugqoka izingubo ezivikelayo. Lokhu kuvimbela isisebenzi ekuweni esikhunjeni sekuqala ukufudumala, trudnosmyvaemye lehla.

izinga ibitume ipasipoti

izinkampani ibitume waqaphela kumele kuhambisane amazinga GOST 2245-90. Nokho, izinkampani eziningi manje ukukhiqiza izimpahla yalolu hlobo ezinezici ezithuthukisiwe. Ngakho-ke, ibitume elilodwa noma kwenye brand new Ngokukhethekile eqinisekisiwe Umphathi izitifiketi laboratory, obizwa nangokuthi passport. Bengachaza nemingcele ezifana Ukungena, ductility, ukuthambisa lokushisa umkhiqizo, nokunye. D.

Kuncike idokhumenti okunjalo akukhona kuphela viscous, kodwa futhi uketshezi itiyela umgwaqo MG. izinga lokuthola iphasipothi isiqinisekiso ukuhambisana impahla izici amangalelwe ngumkhiqizi. Ephepheni compulsorily Ulungise ukuphrinta ibhizinisi.

Yiqiniso, kumelwe kube khona isikhala passport uketshezi petroleum ibitume SG komgwaqo, kanye ukufulela kanye ukwahlukanisa. Phakathi brand new kwale nto ingase ihlanganise, isibonelo, BND-U kanye Euro BV. Mayelana lezi zilinganiso izinga kungukuthi kuchazwe GOST futhi TU futhi SRT. Ngezinye Euro BV ukukhiqizwa futhi uyakucabangela nezidingo standard European EN 12591.

Sha ezivamile

Ukwakhiwa avame ukusetshenziswa komgwaqo ibitume 90/10. Abakhiqizi ukukhiqiza futhi adayise it in inqwaba Ngalo, ungangenisi amanzi ezindlini, izingxenye komhlaba izakhiwo lokhuni asekelayo, inter-panel amalunga omzimba, emagumbini angaphansi kwezakhiwo izindonga. Kusuka kwenye brand ethandwa kakhulu BN 70/30, it is yayiphawuleka ngokuthambekela okusezingeni eliphezulu ukuma. Lokhu enyamalele ububanzi bokusebenzisa yayo, kusukela ifilimu enikezwa kubo uyakwazi withstanding ezinkulu lokushisa bafudumale.

Phakathi izwe ngokwakha imigwaqo emikhulu wayevame ukusebenzisa MG130 itiyela umgwaqo / 200. Isetshenziselwa ngokuvamile ezindaweni lapho izinga lokushisa ebusika awehleli ngezansi 20 ° ^C. Le amafomu impahla umgwaqo ebusweni ethembeke kakhulu futhi abushelelezi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho thina umfundi ukhiye ithebula izici (GOST) lezi zinhlobo ezimbili itiyela.

Incwadi uma ikhuluma ngebitume komgwaqo, isakhiwo kanye ukufulela - ezibonakalayo, kakhulu baningi emakethe. Ukukhishwa namuhla izinkampani zayo eziningi. Ngakho-ke, ukukhetha umkhiqizo izinga kuyoba lula ngempela. Into esemqoka - ukuba banake amalebuli ukuthenga ofanele kakhulu kulokhu ukhetho.