Amazenge yamaphaphu. Reed wamaphaphu izingxenye

Amaphaphu aba main umgudu wokuphefumula. Bagcwalisa yonke esifubeni umgodi ngaphandle we mediastinum. Ngokulandelako, cabangela wemisebenti lebalulekile lezi zindikimba. Leli phephandaba uyophinde ukuchaza ingxenye nokukhanya izingxenye.

imisebenzi

Emaphashini negesi lokushintshisana kwenzeka. Le nqubo ukumuncwa oksijini evela emoyeni alveolar igazi erythrocyte futhi kukhuthaza carbon dioxide inesikhala uwohloka kwamanzi kanye negesi. Ngakho, emaphashini ke Kwenziwa ngokwanele Itjhebiswano eseduze hlangana nezinzwa, igazi lymph nezitsha, ushise imigudu yomoya. Lesi sakamuva iqala zokuqala yentuthuko phylogenetic embryo.

I degree of ukupholisa, kanye igazi ukugeleza rate, igesi ukugeleza rate ngokusebenzisa ngokukhukhumala kwentamo alveolar-capillary ulwelwesi ukujiya kanye kuyaqina of the skeleton nokunwebeka, i-hemoglobin ukugcwaliswa, nezinye izinto kutholakale izinga ukutholakala komoya-mpilo. Uma ushintsha iyiphi inkomba eyodwa kungukuphula le physiology ukuphefumula futhi kungabangela eziningi iziyaluyalu sokusebenza.

Iminyango: Imininingwane kawonkewonke

Human wamaphaphu izingxenye zimelela izingxenye parenchyma. They ngena Umthambo kanye bronchus. Ngesikhathi azungeze zici spliced. Ngokungafani wamaphaphu iyizingxenye, izingxenye compounds musa okwakheka eqondile interlayers zezinzwa. isici ngasinye ngesimo Isigaxa. Ichopho siqondiswe esangweni yamaphaphu, base - kwamanzi. Yegatsha emithanjeni amanga emalungeni. Iphaphu kwesokunxele eziyisishiyagalolunye izingxenye. I eduze zomzimba 10 likhona. Iphaphu kwesokunxele yakhiwa iyizingxenye ezimbili. Kwesokudla inezingxenye ezintathu. Kule ndaba, isakhiwo sabo sangaphakathi Kuthi ezahlukene. I kwesokunxele Lobe aphansi ahlukanisa ingxenye 4. Lezi zihlanganisa:

1. Nizhnezadny.
2. Nizhnenaruzhny.
3. Nizhnevnutrenny.
4. Upper.

Kukhona futhi mhlanga wamaphaphu izingxenye:

• Lower.
• Upper.

Ezansi isandla sobunxele kubhekwa ifaneleka kakhulu ukwaba izingxenye ezine. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ngaphambili aphansi neminyango yangaphakathi zihlanganisa bronchus ezivamile.

Amazenge yamaphaphu kwesokudla: Desk Front

Le sayithi itholakala dorsally kusukela apical. Esikhathini ingxenye 5 ukuhlukanisa imingcele. Ababili babo afakwa phakathi apical, engenhla kanye posterior phezu medial. imingcele ezintathu ezingasuthi phezu ubambo. Jumper akha anterior kanye posterior izingxenye yamaphaphu, has a ukuma mpo. Ukuze umthambo, Umthambo futhi bronchus ilungu adjustable yenziwa kusukela ohlangothini medial esangweni asike izidumbu zabantu ebusweni pleural noma kusukela ekuqaleni ovundlile inkatho ingxenye. Phakathi vein kanye Umthambo elise segmental bronchus. Isiteshi igazi isici adjustable kuhambisane ngaphambili esitsheni. Ndawonye, bayingxenye vein yamaphaphu. Phakathi II futhi IV ubambo amapuleti slide kobuso ingxenye sternum posterior.

phambi endaweni

Lokhu ingxenye Itholakala Lobe engenhla. Angase akhethe ukuthi imingcele ezinhlanu. Ababili belele phezu medial. Bahlanganyela amasegimenti apical kanye anterior, medial futhi anterior yamaphaphu. imingcele amathathu amanga phezu izimbambo. Bahlanganyela medial, anterior kanye lateral, posterior futhi anterior, apical kanye anterior izingxenye. Umthambo elisukela phezulu egatsheni main. bronchus ajulile Vienna. It uvezwa uhlobo inflow kusukela legatsha engenhla. Bronchus nezitsha ingxenye ngesikhathi asike izidumbu zabantu we pleura medial ungakwazi tie kwesango. Ngaphambili indawo itholakala esifundeni II-IV izimbambo.

Front lateral

Lokhu ingxenye kulindeleke kusukela medial kuphela njengoba band ewumngcingo, okuyisona ngenhla imisele interlobar etshekile. Bronchus is ngamakhasimende nasemuva. Ngokuqondene nalokhu ingxenye isendaweni ngemuva Lobe phakathi. Yena kungabonwa ebusweni izimbambo. Esikhathini umnyango kukhona imingcele ezinhlanu. Ababili babo amanga phezu medial, uhlukanisa phambili lateral, lateral izingxenye futhi medial yamaphaphu. Umkhawulo lokuqala amanga kuhambisana ingxenye ekupheleni inkatho etshekile. Abanye abathathu - zitholakala phezu umzimba fin. Bahlanganyela amasegimenti medial kanye lateral phakathi ukukhanya.

Umkhawulo lokuqala siphela thwi. Lenza kusuka ovundlile furrow sosizo ukuze emaphethelweni scythe. Umkhawulo sesibili uqala phakathi kwamakhamera abheke phambili izingxenye lateral. It is tihambisane inkatho ovundlile. Umngcele wesithathu nabo posterior futhi anterior izingxenye Lobe aphansi. Vienna, Umthambo futhi bronchus ijulile. Indlela kubo kungenzeka kuphela ngezansi esangweni inkatho etshekile. ingxenye Lateral itholakala esifundeni phakathi izimbambo IV-VI.

medial

Yena ubhekwa njengongase abe medial, futhi evele ubambo ku Lobe phakathi. Esikhathini umnyango kukhona umngcele ezine. Amabili ukwehlukanisa ingxenye medial ka ohlangothini ngezansi futhi elingenhla phambi izingxenye. Umngcele yesibili kuvumelana inkatho etshekile. Eyokuqala - ngokulandelana iphelela phambi ekhosombeni ovundlile. Uma uyikha phezulu le costal futhi sihamba imingcele ezimbili. Omunye uqala kusukela zone phakathi phambi furrow ovundlile, bephonsa ngasekupheleni ingxenye etshekile. Eyesibili phambi umngcele ingxenye ahlukaniswa medial. Umugqa kuvumelana a inkatho ovundlile elise. Kusukela amagatsha engezansi Umthambo isuka legatsha segmental. Ngaphansi kwalo kuyinto ukucinana kwemigudu yokuphefumula kanye isentimitha Vienna. Segmental indlela eya pedicle wenziwa ngokusebenzisa phansi esangweni interlobar inkatho etshekile. Umngcele esifubeni lisendaweni IV-VI izimbambo axillary umugcamkhatsi.

Upper engxenyeni engezansi ahlukaniswe

Lokhu ingxenye phezulu. Emkhakheni wezingalo III-VII izimbambo esigabeni siphela imingcele ezimbili. Omunye sihamba phakathi division yasenhla nemithombo yasenzansi ingxenye ezingemuva Lobe engenhla. Umkhawulo egobhoza inkatho etshekile. Umugqa wesibili ungaphakathi kumasegmenti engenhla nengezansi Ezansi. Ukuze sithole imingcele kufanele uqhubeke phambi esifundeni mayelana inkatho ovundlile kundawo uxhumano yayo eluka. engenhla Ingxenye Umthambo efanelekayo jikelele aphansi amagatsha isitsha. Ngezansi kuba bronchus, njll - Vienna. Ukufinyelela esangweni kungenzeka esebenzisa etshekile interlobar sulcus.

basal Medial

Lokhu ingxenye ibekwe ohlangothini medial ngezansi target yamaphaphu. UMnyango nabo phansi kunabaphostoli vena cava futhi ATRIUM kwesokudla. Umngcele ingxenye uyashiywa langemuva, ezilingene phambi. Kusukela amagatsha engezansi Umthambo emnyangweni isitsha isuka. I wamjamisa esiqongolweni lobar bronchus segmental bronchus kubhekwa. Ngezansi kuba Vienna, kwathululwa ku engxenyeni elingezansi kwesokudla main.

anterior basal

Lokhu ingxenye ku Lobe ephansi, ingxenye anterior yalo. indawo yayo phezu sternum okuhambelana VI-VIII izimbambo axillary umugcamkhatsi. Esikhathini umnyango kukhona imingcele ezintathu. Umugqa wokuqala ugijima phakathi ingxenye ezilingene anterior we Lobe phakathi. It sifana ZaseLaki etshekile. Projection emngceleni yesibili kuvumelana ebusweni medial ukuqala umsipha. Umugqa wesithathu ugijima phakathi ingxenye engenhla futhi anterior. Umthambo iqala kusukela Imininingwane igazi isiteshi legatsha aphansi. Bronchus asuka inqubo lobar isici homonymous. Vienna liyingxenye aphansi nemingenela main. Bronchus futhi Umthambo ebonakalayo ezansi anemifantu etshekile ngaphansi pleura visceral. Vienna itholakala ngaphansi umsipha.

Basal division lateral

Lokhu ingxenye kungabonwa diaphragm futhi ubambo izinhlangothi yamaphaphu. Kutholwe endaweni phakathi ahlukaniswe VII-IX amapuleti kwi ezingemuva axillary umugqa. Kuyo kukhona imingcele ezintathu. Okokuqala wenabisela phakathi kwamakhamera abheke phambili izingxenye lateral. medial Kugcine kanye namasheya umngcele yesibili. Umugqa wesithathu ugijima phakathi kumasegimenti akha lateral. Bronchus futhi Umthambo amanga phansi inkatho etshekile, Vienna - kweqembu.

iKhawuda basal

Lokhu ingxenye ibekwe ku Lobe aphansi. He is nabo yomgogodla. Ingxenye ithatha isikhala VII-X izimbambo. Esikhathini umnyango kukhona imingcele ezimbili. Basuke uhlukane ingxenye ezingemuva eliphezulu futhi lateral. Vienna, bronchus futhi Umthambo amanga ngesikhathi ka anemifantu etshekile ukujula. Lapho kokungenela kuhlinzwa zitholakale kungcono ecaleni medial we Lobe aphansi.

Izingxenye yamaphaphu kwesokunxele

Phezulu kukhona iminyango elandelayo:

1. Apical. He is cishe ifomu efanayo igama elifanayo ingxenye yamaphaphu kwesokudla. Vienna, bronchus futhi Umthambo engaphezulu esangweni.
2. Ezingemuva. umkhawulo V wayo ephansi wehlela onqenqemeni. Posterior futhi izingxenye apical yamaphaphu kwesokunxele ngokuvamile kuhlangene kwelinye.
3. Front. umngcele walo aphansi amanga nendawo ngokuhlobene ubambo III.

Reed kwesokunxele wamaphaphu izingxenye:

1. Front. Esisogwini ubambo futhi izinhlangothi medial e III-V izimbambo lesemkhatsini axillary umugqa ezingeni IV-VI amapuleti.
2. Lower. Itholakala ngaphansi umnyango odlule. umngcele walo kuvumelana inkatho. I aphansi kanye engenhla mhlanga wamaphaphu izingxenye ihlukaniswe maphakathi phakathi notch inhliziyo.

Izigaba ephansi okuyingxenye kuhambisane ofanayo isitho okuphambene.

kokungenela Steel: izinkomba

resection yayo wenziwa ephula noma iyiphi ingxenye (susa). Lokhu kungase kudingeke kulezi zimo ezilandelayo:

1. Ukubhujiswa izicubu on isizinda ukuvuvukala, senziwa igciwane (isifo sofuba, ikakhulukazi).
2. Ukonakala wamaphaphu ngesikhathi ekwandeni izimila (okubulalayo nokuhlala ingozi).
3. Ngazuza noma ukwakheka azalwa naso kwendawo eziyize.
4. Ubovu nokwahlukana lendwangu ngokumelene isizinda eziningi pathologies.
5. Ukulimala.

Inkambo ukusebenza

Njengomthetho, kuba ejwayelekile. Njengoba ukukhanya kufihlwe sternum ke sokufinyelela kangcono kubo wenza imbobo phakathi izimbambo. Khona-ke plate baphokophelele ngethuluzi ekhethekile. Ngokuhambisana Usayizi lesion wenziwa resection timphawu yokwakheka futhi zisebenza kahle. Ngokwesibonelo, ukususwa engenziwa wamaphaphu ingxenye. I inhlanganisela ezahlukene resection kungenzeka ibe ngaphansi kwegunya neminye iminyango eminingana ngesikhathi esisodwa.

It kungabuye kwenziwe lobectomy. Lesi sinyathelo kuhilela ukususwa umzimba Ingxenye. Ezimweni ezingavamile, nesigaxa resection wenziwa. Lo msebenzi atypical. Limelela suturing nokususwa wesabelo ezilimele Ohlangothini olungaphandle yamaphaphu. Ngokuvamile, lolu hlobo resection kwenziwe nge ukulimala, ezingafani esincane umonakalo.