Amadlelo supply wesifunda - isibonelo ubudlelwane eziphilayo ngaphakathi biocenosis

Kunoma biocenosis lapho ngebhayisikili kwendaba. Lokhu kusho ukuthi basuke ezihambayo njalo, nokusuka imvelo ezingaphili ukuphila futhi emuva. Umthombo wamandla salokhu nqubo ilanga. amandla wakhe emjikelezweni lokuqala iguqulwe ibe amandla amakhemikhali ke ku mechanical bese ku ukushisa ngenxa ukudla eziphilayo ngaphakathi emphakathini semvelo.

Lobu budlelwano babizwa nangokuthi ngamaketanga trophic.

umqondo jikelele

Ukuze uthole ephelele cwaningo biocenotic ubudlelwane phakathi kwezinto eziphilayo ezahlukene isayensi osebenza nomqondo eziwukudla. Biology umnikeza ncazelo elandelayo: kulolu chungechunge zezinto eziphilayo noma amaqembu eziphilayo, phakathi lapho ubudlelwane ukudla kukhona ehlelekile, futhi ngamunye isixhumanisi esandulele iketango iyona ukudla kamuva.

Izixhumanisi eziwukudla

Kunoma eziwukudla , kukhona link eziningana.

Isixhumanisi sokuqala abakhiqizi noma abakhiqizi. indima wabo wenziwa izitshalo Autotrophic, okuyinto inqubo ye-photosynthesis ukuguqula amandla elanga ibe amandla amakhemikhali.

Isixhumanisi yesibili kukhona consuments. Ziyakwazi ezidla uhlaza (abathengi primary) bese carnivores (abathengi nemayunivesithi) izilwane.

Esesithathu isixhumanisi - ke decomposers. Tiniketwe nezilwanyana ezincane ukuthi ukubola izinsalela organic ukuze izinto wezinto ezingaphili.

mbhoshongo Environmental

Esikhathini ingucuko kusukela isixhumanisi esisodwa trophic (yokudla okunempilo) kuya komunye njalo kwenzeka izinto namandla ukulahlekelwa ngokuphindwe kayishumi. Lokhu kubhekwa iphiramidi okunengqondo futhi nemvelo ngokuthi umthetho semvelo.

Kumila mbhoshongo ahlelwe abakhiqizi. Ngaphezu kwazo kukhona abathengi primary. Esigabeni esilandelayo kukhona abathengi nemayunivesithi. Esisogwini izilwane ezidla ezinye phezulu. Ukuphakama imibhoshongo kungaba lenebudze lobehlukene kuncike eziwukudla. Ngokuvamile ayidluli amayunithi 4-5 ngenxa ukwehla okusheshayo amandla.

Kubalulekile ukuthi isakhiwo unit ngayinye kungafaka phakathi izinhlobo eziningana ukudla ukudla okuyisidina. Futhi izilwane ngubani zidle ukudla okungefani, ungakwazi asezikhundleni ukungalingani esikuziphathimandla, noma ngisho ukungena izifunda ehlukile.

Izinhlobo amaketanga ukudla

Kuzo zonke emiphakathini begazi ivezwa ezithile ukunikezela ngamaketanga. Ziyakwazi amagama alandelayo: dendritic, idlelo. Ngalunye oluphilayo zakwazi has izici zayo siqu, futhi iqala eziphilayo ezithile. Ngakho, nedlelo supply chain - isibonelo ubudlelwane ukudla ukuthi uqale nge eluhlaza uyakwazi ye-photosynthesis. isifunda okunjalo ngokuvamile isisekelo sokuma biocenosis. ukubukeka Dendritic iqala eziphilayo ezisebenzisa amandla ezikhishwe phakathi ukucutshungulwa imfucuza udaba eziphilayo.

Izibonelo amaketanga ukudla

ekusebenzisaneni trophic eziphilayo zemvelo abasakwazi eziyinkimbinkimbi. parallel supply amaketanga Avame ukutholakala. Izibonelo: izimila herbaceous - sidla amagundane amancane - nezilwane ezidla inyama; utshani - ezidla uhlaza (ungulates) izilwane - izilwane ezinkulu ezizingelayo. Lezi izifunda ukuhlanganisa amalungu eziyizitezi ezahlukene biocenosis futhi enze esitebeleni zokuxhumana therebetween. Lokhu kuhlanganyela - neketanga ziklabe ukudla. Isibonelo ngenhla ibonisa ukulandelana ukwakha amayunithi therein.

A uhlelo eziyinkimbinkimbi ubudlelwano trophic ngaphakathi biocenosis kuqinisekisa kwato, dynamism kanye ubuqotho. Uma ibhalansi kulahleka ngaphakathi (ukwehla labantu ngenxa yalolu bhadane, umsebenzi womuntu) zilwane, okuyinto isixhumanisi iketango, kukhona ukubhujiswa okuphelele noma olungaphelele wonke umphakathi semvelo.

Kuyini emadlelweni eziwukudla? Izibonelo zibandakanya okulandelayo: ukufa kwabantu kudle sidla amagundane amancane kusindzisa live wabo wokusanhlamvu. Ngenxa yalokho, wafa ngenxa yokuntuleka kokudla ezihlukahlukene izitha, okuyiwona bakhonza ukudla. Ngaphezu kwalokho decomposers steel kancane bavuselele organic (efile) izinsalela futhi ukukhiqiza imali enganele izinto amaminerali. I yalokhu uye wagcina ebe izimila kwaphela ngenxa yokuntuleka izinto wezinto ezingaphili. Ngenxa yalokho, lonke biocoenosis kungaba oskudet jikisa olunye uhlobo.

Futhi, ichibi kuyinto mnandi futhi ubudlelwano okubonakalayo eziphilayo. Iphinde vnutripastbischnaya supply chain. Isibonelo bahlanza kwesigubhu, lapho ulwelwe kanye zooplankton wanyamalala. Umphumela waba ukushabalala izinhlanzi ezincane adla nabo. Ngaphezu kwalokho kukhona ukunyamalala izinhlanzi ezidla inyama. Ngenxa yalokho, kunciphisa inani ezincane, zinhlobo ukwehluka zezitshalo nezilwane, lonke uhlelo iphuka. Ukubuyisela ke kuzodinga isikhathi eside kanye nemibandela ethile.

Ngakho, izibopho ukudla ngaphakathi biocenosis izici eyinhloko ukuzinza nokwakheka kwalo.