Alexander Alyabyev: Biography emfushane, izithombe Alyabeva Aleksandra Aleksandrovicha

Umuntu owasungula le romance isiRashiya, umqambi emangalisayo Alexander Alyabyev eyasungulwa pushkinianu zomculo, Russian wezinsimbi ekamelweni umculo, kwaba kuzalwa impumelelo eziningi ikusasa isikole kazwelonke ukwakheka. It waziwa kakhulu imisebenzi vocal, ngubani kube yilolu suku kukhona ethandekayo kakhulu futhi njalo lwenziwa ngisho emkhayeni nemizwelo kuthanda. Ngokwesibonelo, "The Nightingale," "Winter Road", "Kusihlwa Izinsimbi" futhi nabaningi abanye.

biography

Aleksandra Alyabeva kusuka ebuntwaneni ojwayele umculo. Kunobufakazi bokuthi wathatha upiyano izifundo kusukela odumile D. Field. Noma kunjalo, umsebenzi wakhe wayehumusha kuye, futhi lokho kwaba Piano "Grand Polonaise" - yokuqala umsebenzi ekhonsathini yangempela Russia kule uhlobo.

Alexander Alyabyev azalelwe Tobolsk, emndenini zombusi, okwayinika ithuba lokuthola imfundo yekhethelo. Walwa nge Napoleon sokuzithandela lamabutho in the imbongi edumile Denis Davydov, walimala kakhulu futhi ukhishwa izindondo ngoba isibindi isibindi. Futhi ngemva kwempi Aleksandr Alyabev, umqambi, wazinikela ngokuphelele umculo.

I grand egumbini lokuphumula kakhulu ithandiwe futhi ngokuqhubekayo wenziwa izingcaphuno opera yakhe, amahlaya zomculo, futhi iningi ngokuvamile sung iculo. Umlando Wagcwalisa Aleksandra Alyabeva abantu ezimangalisayo: waba umngane oseduze kakhulu Griboyedov, Shakhovskoi, Decembrists Bestuzhev Mukhanov. Waxoxela futhi saxoxa izinhlelo amakhonsathi Verstovsky nabafowabo Vilegorskimi. Ngahlala eMoscow - ukuphila waseshashalazini. Ngisho "Triumph of the Muses" ngesikhathi kuvulwa Bolshoi Theatre yabhalwa ngokuhlanganyela Alyabiev Verstovsky futhi Scholz.

Azikho izimpawu

Ezweni lonke, sekuyinto eyaziwayo ngokuba wabhala umculo Alexander Alyabyev. Photo wayengakamazi khona, kodwa ekumeni yokuloba lakhe laziwe ngalezo zinsuku abaculi - umqambi wayedume. Amaculo akhe futhi ngacula Petersburg naseMoscow, nasemizini ezikude kakhulu. Ngesikhathi Bolshoi Theatre babe opera yakhe "Village sefilosofi", "Moonlight", umdanso we-ballet "The Magic Drum".

Nokho, ngo-1825, wabulala umlingani wakhe emdlalweni ikhadi. Kungazelelwe. Futhi Alyabyev baboshwe. Zokubulala engakaze lawo. Noma kunjalo, umqambi engalali zonke zezikhulu, ama-oda yezikhulu. Futhi uyowahlola Tobolsk. Encwadini lelikhashane kakhulu eSiberia idolobha abandayo, lapho wake wachitha ebuntwaneni bakhe abajabule. Esikhathini portrait engezansi ibonisa enye umqambi futhi umbhali wamazwi the best zothando Alyabiev - Nikolai Ogarev.

Tobolsk ne eCaucasus

Alexander Alyabyev ngakho wacasulwa lokhu zingenakubekwa cala akulungile ukuthi kuphela umculo ongazibamba kuye kusukela isinyathelo sokugcina. Nampa-orchestra emangalisayo elalihlelwe ke uba wopiyano, elibamba amakhonsathi ahlukahlukene. Futhi ubhala umculo, wehlukile kulowo eyedlule, Licwathile. Kubonakala iculo lakhe engcono: "Winter Road", "Irtysh", "likhale Amabili". Kodwa ukushaqeka sezinzwa unyawo: Biography Alyabeva Aleksandra Aleksandrovicha esinjengesomuntu zomhlaba, ukuhamba kunoma iyiphi indlu, laqedwa. Umqambi nezibi.

Ngemva kweminyaka eyisikhombisa, ngo-1832, wayevunyelwa ukuba bahambe eSiberia ne eCaucasus ukuhamba ukuze bayothola ukwelashwa. Kukhona zilotshiwe zothando yakhe, eshicilelwe iqoqo onesihloko esithi "umculi Caucasian". Esikhathini eside ngaphambi kokuba ngalendoda eyinhloko temdzabu M. I. Glinki kuyinto Alyabev Aleksandr Aleksandrovich ubhala iculo kwabaMhlophe, Zulu, Bashkirs, futhi kuvumelana izinqubo zabo besebenzisa emsebenzini wakhe. Ubamba lichaza kanye Maksimovich encwadini "Amazwi ezingoma Ukraine" okungukuthi kangaka uyakuthanda N. V Gogolyu. Lapha e-portrait - master gumbi, lapho imisebenzi eminingi Alyabiev kwenziwa okokuqala, umngane wabathelisi umqambi, edumile Alexander Griboyedov.

ukubuya

"Farewell" Alyabiev kancane kancane kakhulu: ngo-1835 wavunyelwa ukuhlala nezihlobo edolobheni nge ekuvinjelweni ngokuphelele zokuvakashela izihloko ngo-1843 bavunyelwa ukuba siphile e Moscow, kodwa ngaphansi njalo amaphoyisa kwezobunhloli. Lokhu kusho ukuthi: ungayiboni izilaleli, akusona party nanganoma amakhonsathi noma enkundleni yemidlalo. Futhi-ke igcwaliswe ukuphila nomsebenzi wakhe, ezifana iculo soulful ngokubonakala okuphawulekayo okuqukethwe civil ngokuthi "Ompofu", "Village umnakekeli", "Cabin". Futhi okungcono, mangisho, wafuna izinto ngenkani umphakathi kuze kube manje, kodwa cishe kuyo yonke imisebenzi yakhe waqala zezemfundo inkomba sikhathi.

Akekho noyedwa abalobi lokuqala zothando Russian kwakungenzekanga endaweni ephakeme anjalo esikhathini umculo Russian njengoba Alyabev Aleksandr Aleksandrovich. Biography emfushane futhi zinhlobonhlobo zezinto izenzakalo zokuphila kwakhe nzima. Uye wasebenza cishe zonke izinhlobo zomculo, kodwa lesi sikhungo sakhe kwezinhloso zenzuzo kuye nobekhuluma isosha esihlatshelelwayo. iculo ezingaphezu kuka-180 kanye ballads elabhalwa Alexander Alyabyev. Umqambi kabani Umlando womuntu ophilako sengathi lokhu ayihlanganisi umsebenzi onzima nangemihelo engqondo tshwala cha. Waloba iculo, kusenzima hit, ezifana "Nightingale" ku izinkondlo Delvig noma "Ompofu" ku Beranger izinkondlo. Alexander Pushkin, nokuboniswe portrait ngezansi, kwaba umbhali izinkondlo engaphezu kwamashumi amabili iculo engcono Alyabiev.

ekudalweni

Romances Alexander Alyabyev wabhala ngala mavesi izimbongi best of umkhuzi esithandayo Davydov, Zhukovsky, Vyazemsky, Kozlov, Koltsov, Lermontov. iculo amabili nambili ebhaliwe evesini Aleksandra Pushkina, futhi nanhlanu wabo - ukuphila ngisho imbongi. Ekupheleni kokuphila kwakhe ngaphezu kwanoma yimuphi omunye izinkondlo eliphefumulelwe Ogarev.

Ngibhale Alyabyev futhi eningi umculo Symphonic kanye negumbi nowezinsimbi: Symphony e E ezincane muhle kakhulu, Overture Ebanga Usizi e F Minor, satshanyana eziningana ekhonsathini, amakhonsathi eziningi ngoba amathuluzi solo ehlukahlukene ababedlala izinsimbi, umdanso Suites. Kuze kube manje, abaningi ekamelweni ensembles Alyabiev wafunda ezikoleni umculo conservatories, kanye umsindo endaweni ukusebenza ekhonsathini. Esikhathini portrait ngezansi okubonisa ezithakazelisa kakhulu abantu isikhathi Alyabiev - Decembrist Alexander Bestuzhev-Marly, umbhali kule noveli lapho umculo opera Alyabiev eyayibekwe, futhi izingoma izinkondlo Bestuzhev-Marly, wabhala.

Theatre, temdzabu, umculo engcwele

Legacy Alyabiev Theatre - ukubonakaliswa umculo enkulu kulo lonke eyaziwa ngesikhathi izinhlobo: kungcono kuyi-opera, futhi i-ballet, futhi ezingaphezu kuka amabili amahlaya zomculo, okuyinto azihlukile kakhulu kusukela opera, kukhona cantata, nomculo ukuze kudlala drama yeshashalazi, futhi phakathi kwabo - comedy nosizi, futhi idrama. Ngu kwesizini BaseMoscow "Mermaid" Pushkin ukuze kaShakespeare "The Tempest" futhi "Bafazi Merry ka Windsor" futhi umculo eyabhalwa umqambi Alyabyev.

Kwahlelwa, nokaNkulunkulu, kuhlanganiswa futhi kunyatheliswe inani elikhulu Folk songs e Ukuhlanganiswa - isiRashiya, isi-Ukrainian, isiTatar, elise-Asia Ephakathi, zaseCaucasia. Abangaphezu kwekhulu imisebenzi kokuqukethwe abo angokomoya bawathola ngoba usiba lwayo, phakathi kwawo - izimfundiso abadumile.

ifa Ukudalelwa

Njengoba ngokuvamile akwenzeki ngezisusa abaculi abangenalo isikhathi ukuhlanganyela emsebenzini ukuze kuzuze izizukulwane ezaziyolandela, noma ubani bazibone ngesizotha Abadali "netlenki" Alyabiev ifa basuke ikakhulu balondolozwa. Imisebenzi 450 (lena sibalo ballpark), iningi - zisengaphansi wesandla, okuyinto phezu Emashumini amahlanu eminyaka edlule, eligadulayo umane elahlekile. Abaningi imisebenzi yakhe zishicilelwe, kodwa ngandlela-thile dedengu ukhohlwe. Futhi umculo kuyinto enhle kakhulu futhi ungazenza futhi umqambi udumo posthumous, futhi senziwa okuhamba esifanayo, ezifana "The Nightingale" ku Delvig izinkondlo.

ngemva kokufa umqambi kanye nomsebenzi wakhe, futhi yomlando wakhe Kunengi ngange nanamashumi amahlanu eminyaka hhayi usebhekene kokubandlululwa sina. Kodwa kokubili izici eziningi kangaka! Bangaki ezicashile emangalisayo futhi enjalo oyifunayo engasakwazi ukubuyela othulini izikhathi! Kuze 1825 igama ukuphrinta Alyabiev cishe ayizange iphele, kodwa ngemva - kuphela ezingavamile, ukubuyekeza ngokoqobo elilodwa iculo. Obuhlanekezela yomlando wakhe, egcwele idatha eyiphutha noma akuphelele, ngakho inzalo Wacishe igama elihle futhi umsebenzi omkhulu umqambi kanye sibalo zomculo.

Ukuphikelela kanye nezimiso

Ngisho ukumangalela okungamanga babulawa akazange aphule umphefumulo umdali. Phela, isifiso okufanayo inkululeko, ugqozi isizungu, uzwela ukuhlupheka, ukulangazelela ubulungiswa, okungukuthi, isethi efanayo izithombe isici lokusungula, singakwazi ukugcina ezinsukwini zokugcina lezinkathi yakhe.

Alexander Alyabyev umqambi njengoba abanamakhono njengoba abangajabuli, ngathola induduzo ezinye kusukela umhlangano owesifazana phambi, lowo egqoka elikhulu isibongo sasekhaya Rimsky-Korsakov. Khona-ke omunye izingoma best alyabevskoy Pushkiniana lalotshwa - "Nginithandile." Lona wesifazane, Nina Ofrosimova lapho ongumfelokazi, waba mfazi umqambi.

Nikolay Ogarov Bestuzhev-Marly

Alyabyev umqambi futhi imbongi Ogarev kwakuthandeka kakhulu forties kwekhulu elidlule. Alyabiev iculo engcono - "Cabin", "Tavern", "Village unogada" - zadalwa izinkondlo Ogarev. Esikhathini eside ngaphambi kokuba obhekwe efuna futhi Dargomyzhsky Mussorgsky zothando wokuziphilisa yavama isihloko ekungalinganini emphakathini. Imbongi nge umqambi kuningi ababefana: nokuboshwa ekudingisweni, okungenani. Nakuba Alyabyev wakhuthazelela zonke izinhlobo lokhu okungafanele sengathi ngengozi, futhi Ogarev kwaba Innovator okuqina futhi konstitutsionistom, ngoba yena Ushushiswe ngakuya ngomthetho. Ogarev futhi waseHerzen, "insimbi", England - wonke umuntu uyazi futhi uyakhumbula.

Ezintathu zokugcina opera Alyabiev futhi nihlabe imizwa ejwayelekile edlubulundayo, kungcono Shakespeare "The Tempest" futhi "Edwin Oscar" imibhalo ezinganekwaneni zasendulo koltskih. Kodwa ifanelwe ekhethekile izwi opera "Ammalat Bey" phezu noveli ngu-Alexander ngaleyo Bestuzhev-Marly romance ukuba izinkondlo zakhe siqu "eCaucasus zathuthelekela amafu." Wabulawa eCaucasus e 1837-m, futhi lokhu ukulahlekelwa cishe wamshaya Alyabiev: kwakuvele wabulala ezintathu yezimbongi zakhe ozithandayo. Nokho - Alexander Pushkin, Griboyedov, Bestuzhev-Marly. umoya wokuzibusa nowokuvukela Decembrist ayizange kwancipha emisebenzini umqambi sika.

inkumbulo Buyisela

Qala ukubulawa kwabo imisebenzi ngaphambili angazwakali Aleksandra Alyabeva labetibambile entwasahlobo ka-1947. Khona-ke ekhonsathini kwahlelwa YaseMoscow Philharmonic, eyayinesihloko ngaphezu eyikhulu ephelele lokulibala "Ukuhluka for Violin futhi Orchestra", "The Third String Quartet" futhi satshanyana ezimbili wezinsimbi. Impumelelo sasisikhulu! Promotion egumbini umculo umqambi wahlanganyela ezifana abaculi enkulu njengoba Gilels, Oistrakh, kanye namaqembu - okuthiwa Sveshnikov Choir State Beethoven Quartet.

Alyabiev Kusukela 1949, imisebenzi eshicilelwe azikaze eshicilelwe ngenhlanhla lembula ezibukweni encwadini yomlando wakhe. Ukuqonda indima enkulu wayedlala emlandweni art Russian zomculo. Into ezithakazelisayo kakhulu ukuthi enqolobaneni ezahlukene bayaqhubeka bethola imisebenzi yakhe engaziwa. Njengoba uhambo baqhubeka eside yayo kanye ukuma kwezwe olubanzi yabo, kungenzeka nokwatholakala ngaphezulu plan onjalo.