ABP isikimu. ATS (othomathikhi reserve okokufaka) generator

Ngo amandla kwimodi ejwayelekile, inkampani amandla amandla enikeziwe kulethwa endaweni yokusetshenziswa kwawo. Lapho umthombo oyinhloko kokuba uyeke ukusebenza, amandla yesibili inethiwekhi input noma i-generator eceleni okufanele isetshenziswe ngesandla noma ngokuzenzakalela fed umthwalo, okuyinto idayagramu ATS (ukudluliswa othomathikhi). umsebenzi wayo lomkhulu ukuhanjiswa kwamandla kusukela kugridi kubhekhaphu ugesi.

isigaba III-rd ka ugesi nokwethenjelwa

Njengoba yaziwa, izinkampani Umbuso indawo ukwabelana zonke amakhasimende abo, okungukuthi. E. Labo abantu (zomthetho kanye ngokomzimba), nabo ungangena ezivumelwaneni ngogesi ngezigaba ezintathu, kuye ngezinga ngokuthembeka kukagesi. Nokwethenjelwa ephansi esigabeni sesithathu. amandla anjalo amakhasimende ukuba uyinikeze ezintathu okhombisa okokufaka voltage kuphela 6 noma 10 kV (ngezinye izikhathi 400) noma owodwa esigabeni input 230 komunye supply substation, kodwa izindleko zokuhlinzwa umthwalo uxhumano kunethiwekhi salokhu ubuncane isigaba - nje ufake elula elilodwa-transformer iphakethe transformer substations kanye ixhume eliseduze phezulu umugqa yokudlulisela.

Ingabe ngidinga III-rd isigaba ABP isikimu?

PUE kungaphansi amandla isikimu ezinjalo, uma ugesi isiqinisekiso emumva ukuphahlazeka ngoba hhayi ningi than suku. Futhi uma akusiyo? Khona-ke nuzhet yesibili ugesi, ngokuvamile kuphuma uphethiloli noma diesel-iyunithi generator. Ezinsukwini ubudala, abathengi ngesandla ukuxhuma imithwalo yawo sethula kubo zibe umsebenzi. Kodwa njengoba ezishintshayo mikhiqizo umsuka nekhono isiqalo zabo ngaphandle kokuqondiswa umuntu.

Futhi uma ungaqala up generator diesel ngokuzenzakalela, njengoba nje kungenzeka futhi ixhume umthwalo umthengi. Futhi owasungula umqondo yesimanje dvuhvvodnogo ABP, busebenze zazo, ngezansi, isivele abe ngasese endlini ugesi ejwayelekile.

II-nd isigaba: Ingabe wayedinga ABP

Uma umthengi iyalela amandla inethiwekhi ezimbili input, lingena kakade esigabeni esilandelayo - yesibili. Kulokhu, amandla ngokuvamile zidinga amakhasimende ukukhokhela ukwakhiwa ezimbili-transformer substation. Ngo samuntu elula ke yakhiwa izingxenye ezimbili ibhasi (lokhu nje aluminiyamu noma, kakhulu, emapheshana ithusi) voltage okusezingeni eliphezulu nge inkinobho yayo esemqoka, ukuze ngamunye ehambisana omunye bushings ephezulu voltage (6 noma 10 kV) kuphela. Phakathi izigaba ngokufanele kangaka okuthiwa inkinobho kwesigamu. Uma luvuliwe, le high voltage yokufakwayo ingase Nge-feed ngayinye transformer eyodwa kuphela (ngokuvamile umsebenzi imane nje ingenye amabili, eyesibili zigciniwe - kanti futhi imfuneko ejwayelekile Amandla). Phakathi ngokuphela kukagesi ngo omunye kokwenziwayo, umthengi kagesi ngesandla unika amandla ukushintsha sigaba futhi zisebenza umthwalo transformer njalo esebenza nezinye ephezulu voltage input.

abathengi ezinjalo, eqinisweni, awudingi ukuba khona ATS. Nokho, kule minyaka eyishumi eyedlule, amandla ngokuvamile ubaphe ukuzifaka esezingeni ezimbili transformer ezincane kwi-low voltage ohlangothini. isihlangu okunjalo ABP has ezimbili wokufaka kusukela low voltage Windings ka transformers ezahlukene (kumele nginomdlandla bobabili, kodwa ukulayishwa nganoma isiphi isikhathi kuphela omunye wabo) kanye okukhipha kumuntu-low voltage ibhasi lapho uxhumeke zonke imithwalo.

I-st isigaba - ATS edingekayo

Kodwa uma umthengi singaneliswa, isimiso, ukubambezeleka kwesikhathi ku usuke ibhukwana kokwenziwayo, khona-ke kufanele ngempela zisebenzisa ATS futhi bathuthele esigabeni esilandelayo ugesi nokwethenjelwa - lokuqala. Ngo samuntu elula, a Umdwebo olotshiwe wesakhiwo ATS elakhiwa ezimbili okufakiwe amabili izigaba olufanayo ephezulu voltage ezincane, amabhasi namandla usuke kwesigaba switch (ngokuvamile cleaner). Uma voltage ukunikezela ubalekela sikokufaka, ke ikhubaza othomathikhi inkinobho esemqoka futhi kuhlanganisa kwesigamu. Ngemva kwalokho, kuhlangene ibhasi voltage enikeziwe kusukela okokufaka yesibili. ABP ezimbili input kulokhu kungase kwakheka kwi ezincane low-voltage, njengoba kuchaziwe ngenhla.

Kodwa abathengi I-st isigaba PUE ikhomba okuthiwa amaqembu akhethekile lapho okokufaka ezimbili inethiwekhi amandla anele, kodwa nakanjani kudingeka yesithathu reserve okokufaka okwenziwa ngokuvamile generator diesel. Kulokhu, lo ATS kudinga 3 input. ISu olwenziwa voltage low.

Kanjani ATS iyunithi ne input generator

Okusanda bavele emakethe eziningi kumadivayisi isipele ngokuzenzakalela ne isilawuli isilawuli sekhompiyutha. ethandwa kakhulu kule ndaba uyawuthanda upravlyuschie edluliselwe abalawuli ukukhiqizwa Series Easy Moeller yenkampani. Ukuhlaziya izimpawu voltage izinzwa, le microcontroller kuthola kuhamba ugesi bese indawo omula inqubo kokuqala generator injini (ngokuvamile zokuvumelanisa). Ngokushesha nje lapho ufika voltage ukalwe kanye nokuvama uhlelo lokulawula sekuqalile ukuba umthwalo wakhe ikhasimende. Ngokombono kagesi uxhumano wesifunda ATS futhi unesibopho imithwalo esindayo iyinkinga kunalokho eziyinkimbinkimbi, kusukela nini ukubambezeleka azinakugwenywa, kanye nezinye izinkinga lobuchwepheshe ziphazamise leso ethola amandla isipele.

Ukulawula imvamisa futhi voltage

Omunye wemisebenzi eyinhloko kudivayisi ATS kuyinto ukuthola iconsi voltage noma ukunyamalala ephelele umthombo wamandla oyinhloko. Ngokuvamile, bonke elibukhali isigaba amapayipi ohlangothini i edluliselwe undervoltage (edluliselwe ukulawula isigaba). ukuhluleka iphuzu kunqunywa kusukela iconsi voltage ngezansi ubuncani noma yiziphi izigaba. Ulwazi on the voltage imvamisa idluliselwa kuya ATS panel, okuyinto ichaza ukuthi kungenzeka ukuqhubeka ukunikezela imithwalo. I ovumelekile voltage ubuncane futhi imvamisa kumele ngempela zinqotshwe ngaphambi kokushintsha imithwalo inikwa amandla yi-generator isipele, amandla okumele ukuwusiza.

Uhlelo oluyisisekelo oluthi kwesikhathi esinqunyiwe

ABP scheme ngokuvamile has a kungenzeka ezibanzi ukuze ulungise kunqanda yayo Ukusabela isikhathi. Lona umsebenzi kudingekile ukuthi kungenzeka lokukhululwa Ukukhipha engenabulungisa umthombo wamandla oyinhloko phakathi iDemo ukwephulwa yakhe. I luvame kakhulu isikhathi ukubambezeleka indawo yanoma yiziphi uhambo iDemo ukuze abangele ukuqalisa ezingadingekile ukushayela motors kanye nama-generator ukushintsha imithwalo kubo. Lokhu kubambezeleka ku uhla kusuka amasekhondi angu-0 kuya ku-6, yesibili Nguye ezivamile. Kufanele kube isikhathi esifushane kodwa okwanele ukuxhuma kubhekhaphu umthombo wamandla imithwalo abathengi. Izinkampani eziningi namuhla bathenga enamandla uninterruptible segezi e amabhethri isitoreji, ukuhlinzeka uxhumano ephansi ukungaphumeleli.

ukubambezeleka engeziwe

Ngemva ekubuyiseleni supply main, abanye bayalibala ukwenza isikhathi kuyadingeka ukuze kube nesiqiniseko sokuthi kunokuthula ezanele umthwalo ukukuvimbela kusukela amandla isipele. Ngokuvamile, it zokhahlamba kusuka imizuzu zero amathathu. ATS generator kufanele ukundlula ngokuzenzakalela ukubambezeleka kwesikhathi ku ukubuya umthombo oyinhloko, uma isipele ehluleka, kanye main zisebenze futhi evamile.

Esesithathu ezivamile ukubambezeleka kwesikhathi ihlanganisa inkathi injini indlu. Esimisweni sakhe phezu ukulawula ingenakukwazi generator elawula injini esingalayishwanga lize lithi khimilili.

Ezimweni eziningi, ngokuvamile efiselekayo ukushintshela eceleni generator umthwalo, kanye ufinyelelwe ezifanele voltage imvamisa amazinga. Nokho, kwezinye izimo, abasebenzisi ekupheleni abafuna letilandzelanako le usuke we imithwalo ezahlukene ku generator eyisipele. Lapho kudingeka, eyenziwa izikimu ezimbalwa ukuthi ATS generator senziwa nge ngabanye isikhathi ukubambezeleka, ukuze umthwalo kungenziwa exhunywe kwi-generator nganoma yikuphi ukuhleleka oyifunayo.

Kwenziwa okokufaka amadivayisi izikimu reserve

Umphumela wazo isigaba kubhekwe amadivayisi iyona ukushintsha izifunda kagesi, ukushintsha kubo kusukela eyinhloko okokufaka eceleni. Njengoba kuphawulwe ngenhla, zikagesi ABP uhlelo ezingase zithathwe kokubili voltage ephakeme futhi aphansi. Esimweni sokuqala izakhi zalo ashukumisa amiswa high voltage ukushintshwa. Esimeni sesibili, futhi lapho usuke of imithwalo le usuke generator okokufaka voltage amadivayisi ongaphakeme.

Abakwazi noma babe yingxenye imishini isihlangu (iphaneli) ABP, noma ingase ibe nalokho bangaphandle iyingxenye umthwalo wesifunda ugesi. Esimweni sokuqala kungenzeka ukusebenzisa actuators kazibuthe - ke osebenza ku amadivayisi komsebenzi ne abathengi non-yezimboni amandla imithwalo kuze kube amashumi amaningana kW. Ukuze amakhono ephakeme zisebenzisa ATS ku contactors. Ukushayela kudivayisi kwendikimba esifanayo kuzo zombili izimo.

Low-voltage amadivayisi okokufaka zangaphandle busebenze kukhona reserve amandla wesifunda amadlambi nge actuators kagesi. Impahla Izici kudivayisi AVR kuyehla kuleli cala ukwakheka kanye ukukhipha kubo sabe ku / ukuvala amasignali.

Ejwayelekile iyunithi AVR 3 input. Isifunda kanye nokusebenza algorithm

Kuhloswe ukuba kusebenze okuqhubekayo supply mithwalo nangowodwa voltage kusuka 0.4 kV ezintathu imithombo yamandla: ezimbili ezintathu okhombisa amapayipi ukunikezela kanye ezintathu okhombisa udizili generator input. Isikhulu ehhovisi abasebenzi kukhona Q1, Q2, futhi Q3 ngayinye bushings ukuthi ukuvikela umthwalo isigaba 1st of ugesi nokwethenjelwa.

I-algorithm block simiswe ngalendlela lelandzelako:

1. On voltage okokufaka ayinhloko. Khona-ke Q1 ivuliwe futhi Q2 futhi Q3 zivaliwe.

2. Ngo-voltage okokufaka main alikho, kodwa isipele kuba. Khona-ke Q2 ivuliwe futhi Q1 futhi Q3 zivaliwe.

3. Ngo-lokufakwako main nokuma, akukho ukungezwani. Khona-ke Q3 ivuliwe futhi Q1 futhi Q2 zivaliwe.