Yiziphi VLANs? a VLAN

Okwamanje, abaningi izinkampani lanamuhla nezinhlangano cishe ungasebenzisi leli isiza kakhulu futhi ngokuvamile kudingeka, kungenzeka kanjani inhlangano isengezo LAN (VLAN) ngaphakathi lonke ingqalasizinda ukuthi inikezwa yi ukushintsha zamanje. Lokhu kungenxa izici eziningi, ngakho-ke kuhle ukucabangela lobu buchwepheshe ngokombono kungenzeka ukusebenzisa kwayo ngenhloso anjalo.

incazelo jikelele

Ukuze uqalise ukunquma ku uyini VLANs. Lokhu kusho iqembu amakhompyutha ixhunywe kwinethiwekhi, okuyinto zibizwa ezihlanganiswe imiyalezo lesizinda ukusakaza nsuku ethize. Ngokwesibonelo, amaqembu kungenzeka ahlukaniswe kuye isakhiwo isitshalo noma zinhlobo yephrojekthi noma umsebenzi ndawonye. amanethiwekhi VLAN ukunikeza izinzuzo eziningana. Ukuze uqale, kuba ekusetshenzisweni kakhulu ongakulayisha (uma ziqhathaniswa LANs esivamile), ezingeni ephakeme Imininingwane Ukuvikelwa okuyinto ngobulili, kanye lula ukuphatha isikimu.

Kusukela lapho usebenzisa VLAN kuphulwa kwenzeka yonke inethiwekhi ukusakaza izizinda, ulwazi ngaphakathi isakhiwo esinjalo kuphela ngocansi phakathi kwamalungu, akuwona wonke amakhompyutha e inethiwekhi ngokomzimba. It kuvela ukuthi traffic ukusakaza ekhiqizwa amaseva, benzeka lesizinda elinqunyiwe, esingavunyelwe ukusakaza bonke iziteshi inethiwekhi. Ngakho ingafinyelela nokwabiwa kwemisebenzi yoMnyango lenethiwekhi phakathi kwamaqembu akhethiwe lwamakhompyutha: amaseva kanye workstations kusukela VLAN ezahlukene nje awuboni nomunye.

Kangakanani zonke izinqubo?

Encwadini yenethiwekhi, ulwazi kahle bavikelekile ukufinyelela okungagunyaziwe, kusukela ukushintshanisa kwe-data yenziwa ngaphakathi eqenjini elithile labantu abanama-computer, okungukuthi, abakwazi ukuthola traffic ekhiqizwa kwezinye nezinye isakhiwo efanayo.

Uma sikhuluma lokho VLANs, kuba zihlobane uqaphele lapha inzuzo le ndlela yenhlangano, njengoba inethiwekhi lula ukuphatha. Lokhu kuhilela imisebenzi efana nokungeza izakhi ezintsha kunethiwekhi, ukunyakaza kwabo, nokususa. Ngokwesibonelo, uma abanye VLAN umsebenzisi wathuthela kwenye ekamelweni, nomlawuli wenethiwekhi akadingi rewire izintambo. Wavele idinga ukwenza imishini inethiwekhi emsebenzini wakhe. Kwezinye implementations ka ezifana amanethiwekhi ukulawula ukunyakaza amalungu eqembu kungaba kwenziwe ngokuzenzakalelayo, ngisho ngaphandle isidingo umlawuli kokungenela. Wavele kudingeka azi ukuthi ukumisa VLAN, ukwenza yonke imisebenzi edingekayo. Kungaba ukudala amaqembu amasha okunengqondo abasebenzisi, ngisho ngaphandle evuka. Lena bonke kakhulu konga isikhathi, okungaba wusizo ukuxazulula izinkinga obulinganayo.

Izindlela yokuhlela VLAN

Imbobo-based, wesithathu olandelwayo ungqimba noma MAC-amakheli: Kukhona okukhethwa kukho okuthathu ukuphi. indlela ngamunye oluhambisana omunye aphansi izingqimba ezintathu we OSI inkomba imodeli: ngokomzimba, inethiwekhi nesiteshi, ngokulandelana. Uma sikhuluma lokho VLANs, kubalulekile ukuphawula khona imodi wesine yenhlangano - ngesisekelo imithetho. Manje isetshenziswa akuvamile, nakuba inikeza unenkululeko kakhulu. Kungenzeka sihlole kabanzi ngasinye yezindlela ezilandelayo ukuqonda ukuthi yini izici banayo.

VLAN port ezisekelwe

Lapha siphethe kweqembu okunomqondo ezithile ngokomzimba inkinobho nezimbobo ekhethelwe nokuxhumana. Ngokwesibonelo, umlawuli inethiwekhi unganquma ukuthi izimbobo ezithile, isibonelo, 1, 2, 5 bakha VLAN1, zihlonishwe 3, 4 no-6 zisetshenziselwa VLAN2, nokunye. Omunye inkinobho port kungenzeka ingasetshenziswa ukuxhuma amakhompuyutha, wasebenzisa zazo, isibonelo, i-hub. Bonke uzohlonzwa njengelilunga lelicembu, lenhlangano zenethiwekhi lapho inkonzo ibhalisiwe port inkinobho. Okunjalo eqinile nakho ngeke kusize ukunamathela VLAN ubulungu ububi eyinhloko leliqhinga yenhlangano.

VLAN esekelwe MAC amakheli

Ngesisekelo indlela babebeke ukusetshenziswa-hexadecimal esiyingqayizivele amakheli isixhumanisi idatha ungqimba, atholakale ngamunye adaptha inethiwekhi noma iseva workstation inethiwekhi. Uma sikhuluma lokho VLANs, kuyafaneleka ukuthi le ndlela ubhekwa nezimo ngaphezulu kuqhathaniswa, njengoba omunye switch port kungenzeka ukuxhuma amakhompyutha okuqondene amanethiwekhi ezahlukene ebonakalayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuzenzakalelayo amathrekhi ukunyakaza amakhompyutha komunye port komunye, okuyinto usindisa iklayenti kungokwalabo inethiwekhi ethile ngaphandle nomqondisi kokungenela.

Umgomo we operation lapha ulula: inkinobho isekela ithebula ukuxhumana MAC-nekheli workstation amanethiwekhi ebonakalayo. Ngokushesha nje lapho ikhompyutha esitshalweni ezinye port, ufanisa MAC-ikheli yasensimini etafuleni idatha, bese iziphetho ilungelo mayelana nekhompyutha okuqondene inethiwekhi ethile. Njengoba nemibi le ndlela ibizwa ngokuthi yinkimbinkimbi ukumisa VLAN, okungase ekuqaleni kubangele iphutha. Unalokho inkinobho wedwa yakha ithebula amakheli, umlawuli inethiwekhi idinga ukulibuka zonke, ukuze kunqunywe ukuthi yiziphi amakheli kanjani amaqembu virtual ukuhlangabezana, khona-ke utjho-ke kuya VLANs ezifanele. Futhi kukhona igumbi lephutha, ngezinye izikhathi eyenzeka Cisco VLAN, okuyinto oluphakeme isethaphu elula, kodwa ukwabiwa kabusha komhlaba okwalandela kuyoba nzima kakhulu kunokuba endabeni usebenzisa nezimbobo.

VLAN ezisekelwe sesithathu-level yezifiso

Le ndlela akuvamile lisetshenziswe ukushintsha ezingeni leqembu zokusebenza noma umnyango. Kuyinto isici isiqu, efakwe olandelwayo esakhelwe umzila kusho i-Ethernet eziyisisekelo - IP, IPX futhi AppleTalk. Le ndlela isikisela ukuthi iqembu inkinobho nezimbobo ezikubhizinisi VLAN kuchazwa, uzobe ehambisana nanoma iyiphi i-subnet IP noma IPX. Kulokhu, ukushintsha-shintsha inikezwe ukuthi umsebenzisi ukuthuthela kwelinye port okungokukaNkulunkulu kunethiwekhi efanayo virtual kuyaqashwa futhi inkinobho akudingi olubekhona. VLAN umzila kulesi simo ulula, ngoba kulesi simo, inkinobho ihlaziya amakheli inethiwekhi kumakhompyutha kuchazwa ngayinye amanethiwekhi. Le ndlela isekela kanye nokuxhumana phakathi VLAN ezahlukene ngaphandle kokusebenzisa izindlela ezengeziwe. Kukhona omunye ukwehluleka ekudaleni le ndlela - zibiza kakhulu ukushintsha, lapho-ke lolu luyasetshenziswa. Rostelecom VLAN umsebenzi ukwesekwa kulelizinga.

okutholakele

Njengoba usuvele kwaba sobala, amanethiwekhi virtual kukhona ithuluzi sasivumela enamandla inethiwekhi inhlangano ongaxazulula lapho umuntu enezinkinga ezihambisana nokuphepha kwedatha, abaphathi, ukufinyelela, futhi ukwandisa ukusebenza kahle kule ukusetshenziswa lomkhawulokudonsa.