Uyini yomphindwa? Asho lendawo inethiwekhi yomphindwa

Igama elithi "yomphindwa" has a lot of amagugu, omunye esetshenziswa emhlabeni computer amanethiwekhi. Uyini yomphindwa amanethiwekhi computer, futhi Kuzoxoxwa. Kodwa, lapho bebheka phambili ezimbalwa, esimweni elula, lo mqondo kungase kubhekwe njengokwelapha incazelo ukucushwa (ilungiselelo) we amakhompyutha ixhunywe kwinethiwekhi. Ngamanye amazwi, zehla ukuba ukuqonda ngokwabo compounds kanye bobunjwa Jomethri ezihambisana indawo kohlobo ngalunye esigungwini.

Asho lendawo inethiwekhi yomphindwa?

Njengoba kucacile, amakhompyutha, zenziwe kunethiwekhi eyodwa, exhunywe kubo akuyona senhlekelele, kodwa ngendlela eqondile. Ukuze uthole incazelo eningiliziwe leliqhinga nasekuqondeni yomphindwa yethulwa.

Empeleni, lokho yomphindwa? Ibalazwe wesifunda umdwebo kumephu. inqubo okuchazayo ngoba kuyacaca e into lifana olwazini zokucathula geometry. Nokho, luyingxenye kusukela iphuzu yejeyomethri umbono, leli gama alikwazi kubhekwe. Njengoba sikhuluma uxhumano hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi ukudluliswa kolwazi kulokhu kufanele acabangele leli isici.

Izinhlobo ezinkulu zokuxhumana kanye topologies zabo

Ngokuvamile, nomqondo ikhompyutha yomphindwa olulodwa alikho. Kukholakala ukuthi kungaba izinhlobo eziningana topologies, bebonke ichaza zokuxhumana ethile. Eqinisweni, inethiwekhi ingase ibe khona ehlukile ngempela.

Ngokwesibonelo, ngendlela elula of connectionless eziningana ezikhumulweni ikhompuyutha esisodwa kungaba ngokuthi WLAN. Kukhona Lesisemkhatsini izinhlobo inethiwekhi (ezisemadolobheni, yesifunda, nokunye. D.).

Ekugcineni, iningi labo amanethiwekhi ezinkulu emhlabeni wonke ezithinta izindawo ezinkulu ezindawo zihlanganisa zonke ezinye izinhlobo zokuxhumana, kanye amakhompyutha kanye nezokuxhumana imishini.

Kodwa kwakusho ukuthini-ke le yomphindwa network njengoba yezindlela elula yenhlangano yokuxhuma amakhompuyutha komunye nomunye, kulesi simo?

Ngesisekelo izinqubo kanye izakhiwo zihlukaniswe izinhlobo eziningana:

• ngokomzimba - incazelo yelungiselelo computer empeleni ekhona kanye nesakhiwo inethiwekhi ISIZINDA ubudlelwano obuphakathi kwabo;
• logic - incazelo ukudlula isignali yenethiwekhi;
• Imininingwane - incazelo ezinyakazayo, umgudu kanye Ukuqondisa kabusha idatha ngaphakathi inethiwekhi;
• isilawuli exchange - incazelo isimiso ukusetshenziswa noma ukudluliselwa amalungelo ukusebenzisa inethiwekhi.

Uxhumano Topology: Izinhlobo

Manje amagama ambalwa mayelana ngezigaba esezingeni topologies izinhlobo ukuxhumana. Esikhathini umongo walokho yomphindwa kufanele nazo ziyakhuluma kungolunye uhlobo ngezigaba esichaza indlela kuphela ukuxhuma ikhompyutha kunethiwekhi noma isimiso ukuxhumana yayo nezinye ezikhumulweni noma main units. Kulokhu, imiqondo efanele zigcwele anezikhala topologies futhi nepolnosvyazannoy.

isakhiwo anezikhala Okugcwele (futhi waqaphela emhlabeni wonke) is nzima kakhulu ngenxa yokuthi zonke esigungwini olulodwa, yingxenye kunethiwekhi eyodwa, exhunywe bonke abanye. Ububi lapha wukuthi yekhompyutha ngamunye kumelwe azakhele imishini yezokuxhumana ezengeziwe, futhi ukuphela kufanele ifakwe inombolo ngokwanele ezinkulu kwamachweba zokuxhumana. Futhi njengoba umthetho, izakhiwo ezinjalo uma esetshenziswa, kukalutshwana kakhulu.

Nepolnosvyazannaya yomphindwa kule ndawo kungcono kakhulu, ngoba zonke esigungwini olulodwa ayixhunyiwe wonke amanye amakhompyutha, futhi othola noma okudlulisa Imininingwane ngenethiwekhi ISIZINDA ethize noma ihabhu emaphakathi, noma ihabhu ixhuma ngokuqondile. Isibonelo esimangalisayo - the yomphindwa kwenethiwekhi "inkanyezi".

Njengoba sikhuluma izindlela main ngokuhlanganisa integrally ezikhumulweni (inethiwekhi) kufanele uhlale ngesikhathi topologies eyisisekelo zonke izinhlobo ezinkulu, phakathi lapho abathandekayo eziyinhloko "ibhasi", "inkanyezi" futhi "indandatho", nakuba zikhona ezinye izinhlobo okuxubile.

Uxhumano Topology "isondo» (ibhasi)

Lolu hlobo inhlangano terminals inethiwekhi kuthandwa kakhulu, nakuba amaphutha esinzulu.

Cabangela lokho yomphindwa "ibhasi" kungaba isibonelo esilula. Cabanga ikhebuli ne ompompi amaningi ohlangothini ngalunye. Ekupheleni negatsha ngalinye esinjalo computer. Phakathi kwabo, ayixhunyiwe ngqo, futhi ulwazi etholakale futhi adluliselwa ngokusebenzisa umugqa owodwa, zombili imikhawulo okuyinto terminators ekhethekile ukuvimbela ibonisa isethi isignali. Lena ejwayelekile komugqa inethiwekhi yomphindwa.

Inzuzo compounds enjalo ukuthi ubude umugqa oyinhloko kakhulu ziyancipha, futhi ngabanye ukwehluleka ukugcina ekusebenzeni inethiwekhi sisonke akunamthelela. I ethile eyinhloko ukuthi kuvela lonke inethiwekhi ephula onguthelawayeka kakhulu lingaphumeleli. Ngaphandle yomphindwa "ibhasi" kukhawulwe inani workstations exhunyiwe futhi umkhiqizo ngokwanele ongaphakeme ngenxa Resource Kwabiwa phakathi kwazo zonke terminals inethiwekhi. Ukusatshalaliswa kungaba ngokulinganayo noma Ukuboshelwa.

Topology "Star» (inkanyezi)

I yomphindwa kwenethiwekhi "inkanyezi" kwezinye izindlela okusikhumbuza "ibhasi", ne umehluko kuphela nokuba ukuthi ukuxhumana kwe-ukuphela senziwa ukuba umugqa owodwa, futhi central sokusabalalisa sedivayisi (ihabhu, ihabhu).

Nje ihabhu wonke amakhompyutha ungakwazi ukuxhumana nabanye. Ulwazi yadluliselwa ihabhu kuwo wonke amadivayisi, kodwa samukelwa kuphela labo kuhloswe. Izinzuzo lokhu uxhumano zihlanganisa ikhono liphakathi ukuphatha wonke terminals inethiwekhi, kanye uxhumano amasha. Nokho, njengoba kwaba njalo endabeni ka-i- "ibhasi", ukwehluleka zedivayisi usuke main kuyayithinta yonke inethiwekhi.

Topology "indandatho» (tikhatsi tetifundvo)

Ekugcineni, sinalo elinye uhlobo uxhumano - a yomphindwa indandatho inethiwekhi. Njengoba cishe ecacile kakade kusukela igama, uxhumano lwamakhompyutha wenziwa ngokulandelana komunye ngokusebenzisa ISIZINDA Lesisemkhatsini, okubangela umjikelezo omubi (Yiqiniso, uhla kulokhu - Umqondo okunemibandela).

Lapho ethumela ukwaziswa kusukela ukuqala ngokusebenzisa zonke ezikhumulweni ebhekene umamukeli oyinhloko. Kodwa ukuqashelwa umzuzi oyinhloko senziwa ngesisekelo uphawu ukufinyelela. Okungukuthi, ulwazi Ufika kuphela abashe ukusakaza ulwazi ukuphela. Leli cebo cishe ungalokothi ukusetshenziswa ngenxa yokuthi ukwehluleka computer eyodwa ngeke ngokuzenzakalelayo kuhilelani kuwukwephula yonke inethiwekhi.

Mesh futhi yomphindwa okuxubile

Lolu hlobo uxhumano ingatholakala, uma ususa omunye compounds ngenhla ezinye izixhumanisi noma wengeze kamuva. Ezimweni eziningi, isikimu enjalo isetshenziswa amanethiwekhi ezinkulu.

Kule ndaba singazibona nemikhiqizo eziningana eziyisisekelo. Okuvame kakhulu ezibhekwa isikimu we "indandatho double", "isihlahla", "nehele", "lweqhwa", "inethiwekhi Clos," nokunye. D. Njengoba singabona ngisho kusukela amagama, zonke ukuhlukahluka kuzinhlobo eziyisisekelo uxhumano, okuyinto zithathwa njengesisekelo.

Kukhona uhlobo okuxubile yomphindwa ezingase sihlanganise ambalwa nezinye (subnet), babeqoqana ngokuvumelana ezinye izici isici.

isiphetho

Manje, mhlawumbe, kuyacaca ukuthi yomphindwa ezinjalo. Uma senza ingqikithi, lo mqondo kuyinto incazelo izindlela yokuxhuma amakhompyutha kunethiwekhi kanye nokuxhumana phakathi kwabo. Njengoba lokhu kwenziwa, it kuncike kuphela indlela ukugcina ubudlelwane kwelinye iyunithi. Futhi ukusho ukuthi namuhla kungenzeka ukwaba enye indlela yokuxhuma ezinye jikelele, awukwazi. Ngo ngamunye endabeni ethile, futhi kuye ngezidingo ingasetshenziswa eyodwa noma olunye uhlobo uxhumano. Kodwa kumanethiwekhi wendawo endaweni, uma ukukhuluma ngazo, lo esivame kakhulu scheme "inkanyezi", nakuba "ibhasi" isasetshenziswa ngokwanele kakhulu.

It uhlala ukuze ungeze ukuthi yomphindwa inethiwekhi kungatholakala ngisho nomqondo yinye kanye ekuhlukanisweni, kodwa ikakhulukazi ayihlobene ne uxhumano, kanye nokulawula inethiwekhi uhlelo ezikhumulweni nokulawula phezu kwabo. Yinye okubekwe ngayo ngokucacile kule uxhumano uhlobo "inkanyezi", kodwa isebenza kulesi uhlobo ekuhlukanisweni ukuhlinzeka izakhi input obengeziwe ukuze uthuthukise ulwazi inethiwekhi nokwethenjelwa e ekhishwa emaphakathi inkinobho uhlelo. ukuthuthukiswa impela kule ndaba yilona uhlelo "hypercube", kodwa kunzima kakhulu ukuthuthukisa.