Principate - ke ... I izici eziyinhloko Principate zibuswe

Ifa omunye uthi ezinamandla kakhulu emhlabeni - uMbuso WaseRoma - nanamuhla. Uhlelo yamanani European namalungelo wezomthetho ayikwazi waqonda ngaphandle kolwazi ayisisekelo kanye nemigomo yokuphathwa komphakathi laseRoma lasendulo. Yingakho ifa zezombusazwe zalo mbuso kusenziwa bafundelwa amandla umthetho. Omunye imiqondo ebalulekile ukuthi beza kithi kusukela esikhathini esidlule zamaRoma, Principate.

okusho

Ukuvela yombuso wamaRoma kuthiwa kubangelwa ubuhlakani ka-Octavian Awugustu. Nguye owakha ubudlelwane elisha lezombusazwe ngesisekelo ukuxhumana zakudala phakathi kukahulumeni nomphakathi. Kuyinto ngenxa Awugustu Principate yavela. Lenchazelo zingachazwa ngokuthi "amandla printsipsa". Ayengobani printspisy eRoma Lasendulo? Cabanga ngalo mbuzo.

Eqinisweni, i-Principate - kuyinto isiphambano phakathi umholi futhi nkosi. amalungelo Basendulo kwenkululeko sezizwe zakwa kusadingeka omunye ukuvikela - Polis izakhiwo sisekelwe eenkambisweni yentando yeningi, zakudala, isekhona. Octavian ekuqaleni kokubusa kwakhe kwadingeka ukuba nibhekane ifa kwenqubomgomo, nakuba isikhathi emasikweni republic of ekuqaleni kwenkathi entsha zicishe zakhubeka. Ngu phakathi BC mina leminyaka. e. kuholele shift focus zezombusazwe kusukela iziphathimandla sokhetho absolutism imperial - umbuso wamaRoma baba bureaucratic ngaphezulu imvelo futhi kancane "Roman" emoyeni.

amandla printsipsov

Principate njengoba isimiso sezombusazwe - lena inombolo okungenani izikhulu kanye yinye kuqhathaniswa enamandla. I ifa kusukela esikhathini waseRoma waqhubeka nakuba ukuba nombono wanamuhla, uhlelo bureaucratic, ehlanganisa izikhulu izigqila. isigqila ngamunye ayengowesifazane Roman ethile, ukubamba izikhundla zikahulumeni. Lapho unokuhlangenwe uJehova, izinceku okunye ayengase ukwaba ukuhlangabezana siqu nezibopho zabo zenkonzo yomphakathi. Kuyindida le Principate - lena inkathi lapho izigqila akwazi ukuxoxa eziphakemeyo bamandla wangempela eRoma yasendulo futhi babuse umbuso kanye yabo. Ezingeni lendawo ilawulwa decurions uMkhandlu, okuyinto amandla wahlonitshwa ngokwako, futhi angazange anikwe noma yiziphi izimali, sinikelele inkonzo eRoma. Eqinisweni, umbuso wayebuswa ngempumelelo, kuyilapho ukuchitha izinsiza ubuncane kuzo ukuze sikhokhele lolu uhlelo.

Izehlo linqobe

ababusi Okwalandela wabusa ngokuphumelelayo Octavian uhlelo, yokugcizelela isimiso monarchical, kodwa hhayi yokuqeda izinqubomgomo kuze kube sekupheleni isiko. Ubukhulu inkathi yaphela ngekhulu III, lapho kubhujiswa umbuso babenezinkinga ngu Septimius Severus. Phakathi nesikhathi sokubusa kwayo yayilokhu lijule ku ukuphila kwawo ngokuqondene nezombusazwe isimiso ingcindezelo ephelele kwenkosi esihlalweni sobukhosi. uhlelo ezinjalo zikahulumeni ngokuthi zidonse isikhathi eside.

izici sici Principate zibuswe

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwalezi ezimbili izinhlobo zezimiso zezombusazwe, ahlukaniswe ekhulwini? Lapho Principate agcinwayo ukubukeka yefomu republic kahulumeni: kunamaseli emizimbeni kuqokwa, uya iSigele. Kodwa eqinisweni Principate - kungcono cishe lapho sebebuswa inkosi. Zonke injongo kobuholi eqinisweni elawulwa printsipsom. UMbusi Ophakeme kanyekanye yenza imisebenzi yompristi, ijaji ophakeme, lo mlawuli wamabutho-e-Tribune.

Amandla Abantu ayemancane kakhulu. Basuke akuvamile eqoqwe, futhi izinqumo zabo ukhansele nganoma yisiphi isikhathi printsipsom. Kodwa nokho, Umkhandlu Wezigele kanye emabandleni ezithandwayo, futhi izimantshi zisuke zisekhona, nakuba indima yabo kwaba cishe zokuhlobisa. Ukuphathwa Rule "kangangokuthi wanquma printsips - iba umthetho" elamukelayo nokuvuma okwandile.

IBhodi Septimus North ubeke konke endaweni yayo. Kungenxa BC III ekhulwini. e. umehluko Principate zibuswe wabonakaliswa ngokucacile kakhulu. Lomhlangano Yabantu oncibilikile phakade ukushiya ukuphila kwawo ngokuqondene nezombusazwe ezingxenyeni ezikude zombuso. Amandla kohulumeni basekhaya kakhulu ukusika. Office of the State waziphatha neminye iminyango eminingana, okuyinto kulawulwa nezicukuthwane. Iqhaza yezigqila kuyehla, kanti aristocrats waziphatha kabi umsebenzi bureaucratic. Izikhulu zaqala ukushintsha ngqo uxhaso endaweni yomcebo, futhi manje banelungelo impesheni.

Inani abuse zomlando European

uhlelo abuse kwaphumelela kangangokuthi uye ziseyigugu yayo futhi emva division of umbuso waba ezingxenyeni zasentshonalanga nasempumalanga. Ekuqaleni lokhu kwehlukana waba kahle njengoba inqubo luyingxenye zokuphatha esisiza ukuqondisa izingxenye ezimbili isimo aphumelela ngokulinganayo - futhi kusukela kweRoma neConstantinople. Kodwa ngemva imingcele baye baba ungaguli kakhulu, futhi isimo omkhulu waba yizinqamu ezimbili, ngaphezulu bahlukana futhi izindlela lokulawula zezombusazwe, futhi ukuphila benkolo nabezwe.

Busa njengoba ifomu zezombusazwe kahulumeni kwaqhubeka esikhathini kumiswa entshonalanga Yurophu monarchies. Kusekelwe ukwakhiwa database ye monarchies eliphelele isampuli European.