Kufanele silubheke kanjani like mug ubhiya? umlando izitsha

Akekho bangase baphikise ngokuthi ubhiya mug uvele kanyekanye ne ukudalwa isiphuzo. Phakathi naso sonke isikhathi sokuba khona ngokuvamile ngashintsha nokubukeka, ngakho-ke manje kunzima ukusho eqinisweni ukhetho lokuqala.

Umlando omncane

Beer - kungcono umkhiqizo endala ukuthi eyaziwayo kokubili eYurophu nase eMpumalanga. Njengoba wazi, isiko ukusetshenziswa yisiphi isiphuzo kuhilela ukusetshenziswa izitsha ezithile. Yingakho ngemva kwamakhulu ambalwa edlule futhi kwadingeka ubhiya mug kuqala. Ososayensi baye ukubeka eyeza nezazi zezinkanyezi ezikhuluma phambili eziningi ezahlukene, ezama ukufakazisa ukuthi kwenzeka ncamashi lapho. Nokho, kuzo zonke izinhlu eyaziwa kule uhlobo ware wayebizwa ngokuthi Stein. Lihunyushwe kwelesiHeberu elithi izwi German okusho "imbiza" noma "ubhiya ingilazi". ekugcineni isitsha Special baba imfanelo esiyisibopho isiphuzo odumile. Kuyoze kube phakade wempilo ubhiya walo mug lenziwa tintfo letitinhlobonhlobo. Ekuqaleni kwalo kwaba ukhuni lesikhumba.

Kodwa abantu kamuva waqaphela ukuthi izitsha ezinjalo azibona esiwusizo kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngesikhathi sokusebenza impahla ubamba isiphuzo, kanjalo eziwohlokayo ukunambitheka kwako. Ngemva kwesikhashana, ekhulwini le-17, imikhumbi ubhiya zazenziwe ithini. Le ndlela zokukhiqiza kwaba elula kakhulu futhi ezishibhile. Ekuqaleni, ithini ungeze phambili, kodwa UJeff wabe esethola ubunjalo ezinesihlungu we ketshezi, bafaka bismuth yethusi ngisho kunanesiliva. NgeNkathi Ephakathi ubhiya mug Kwakumelwe nakanjani ube ikhava. It wasetshenziselwa ukuze avimbele ingress iyiphi izinambuzane. Njengoba yaziwa, emashumini eminyaka 14-15, nokuqubuka kwesifo kanye nezinye izifo ezithathelwanayo seziye okubonakale emazweni amaningi aseYurophu. Ngakho ukuthi ikhava kusho uhlobo ukuhambisana kwendle. With ukuthuthukiswa entuthukweni yezobuchwepheshe nezinto ushintshe ukubukeka umkhiqizo ngokwayo. Waqala ukulungiselela kusuka zobumba kanye zobumba, esehlanganise ocwebezelayo anemibala. Kamuva, amamodeli nesiliva, ekhulwini lama-20, iningi izinkomishi zazenziwe ingilazi.

Isiko nenkathi yamaSoviet

ERussia, ubhiya wawukhona futhi omunye isiphuzo ethandwa kakhulu kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo. Lo mkhiqizo ukwenziwa cishe kuyo yonke imizi. Kwaphela isikhathi eside yasetshenziswa kusukela steins, futhi kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu elidlule okokusebenza eziyisisekelo womshini izinto ezinjalo bekugcwele izingilazi. ERussia zangaphambi wamavukelambuso ivolumu izitsha ayikazeki ukubaluleka okukhulu. Futhi emva isingeniso ngo-September 1918, uhlelo olukhethekile izinyathelo sezisunguliwe izindinganiso zonke izinto zasekhaya. Kamuva ngo-1927, iSoviet ubhiya mug atholwe umumo ocacile kanye nosayizi. Ngu-Union Standard (GOST 3550), umthamo yayo kungaba 0.5 kanye 0.25 amalitha. Ukubhala eceleni enamathiselwe imikhiqizo umdwebo lapho Ubukhulu bayo ziye ecacile neqondile. Ekuqaleni umngcele izinto ivolumu ezingeni Kusetshenziswe esebenza ngemishini. Kamuva ukubukeka mug kwaba ngcono kancane kungxenye layo elingenhla manje ishalofu ekhethekile ngesimo indandatho.

Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, izitsha akukashintshi. Ezikhathini aseSoviet, abathintekayo yokukhiqiza glassworks abaningi ezweni Urshelsky, Popasnjansky, Artyomovsk, Chernyatinsky, Chudovsky, Sverdlov isitshalo edolobhaneni Zolotkova nabanye abaningi. On phansi sihloko ngasinye, njengoba umthetho, isicelo isitembu ekhethekile esibonisa ivolumu kanye endaweni yokukhanda.

zinhlobo ukwehluka

Ukuthabela umlando onothileko likabhiya ephelezelwa ukudalwa izesekeli eziningi kudingeka ukusetshenziswa kwaso. Manje izinkulungwane zezinhlobo ezahlukene letinkomishi onobuhle baziwa ubhiya ethandwa. Abaningi babo baye eside kusukela baba eziqoqekayo. Ngo izinhlu ungathola umkhiqizo ifomu engavamile kakhulu futhi abulawe, kusukela models lokhuni zensimbi hoops ziphethe nenhle ingilazi amaphethini. Yini Vele ungakwenzi ubhiya mug? Izithombe ngemodeli ngayinye ongamtshela okuningi kumdlali. Ngokwesibonelo, ama-athikili kusuka Khokhloma zipendwe ngombala ngokushesha anikeze umkhiqizi ezivela eRussia. A zezinhlobo yokubukisa nge zamabhodlela abonisa ukuthi umenzi kungenzeka, iseYurophu.

Isikhathi esining impela phezu letintfo zisetshenziswa imidwebo ezinezihloko. Zingase sigxile ezenzakalweni ezithile noma izindawo ezijabulisayo. Muva nje, kucelwe amakilabhu ezinkulu lidumile kwakunemibhalo eqoshiwe yasekuqaleni. Lokhu kungaba izifiso impilo nenjabulo, kanye amahlaya ahlukahlukene namasu.