Isibonisi sezinxenye eziyisikhombisa sisebenza kanjani?

I-LED (noma i-diode ekhanyayo) i-diode optical eveza amandla okukhanya ngendlela "ye-photons", uma ishintshwe phambili. E-elekthronikhi, sibiza le nqubo ye-electroluminescence. Umbala wokukhanya okubonakalayo okhishwe yi-LED uvela ebangeni kusukela ebomvu kuze kube obomvu futhi kunqunywa ububanzi be- spectral bokukhanya okukhanyisiwe, okubuye kuxhomeke ekungcoleni okuhlukahlukene okungeziwe ezintweni zokugcina izinto ngesikhathi sokukhiqizwa kwazo.

Ama-LED anezinzuzo eziningi ngaphezu kwezibani zendabuko nezibani, futhi mhlawumbe ebaluleke kunawo wonke ubukhulu bawo obukhulu, ukuqina, imibala ehlukene, ezishibhile nokufinyeleleka kalula, ikhono lokuxhumana kalula nezinye izingxenye ze-elekthronikhi ezijikelezayo.

Kodwa inzuzo enkulu yama-LED yilokho ngenxa yobukhulu bawo obukhulu, ezinye zazo zingagxila esimweni esisodwa se-compact, ekwakheni inkomba okuthiwa yi-seven-segment.

Isibonisi sezingxenye eziyisikhombisa siqukethe ama-LED ayisikhombisa (ngakho-ke igama layo) elisekhoneni, njengoba kubonisiwe kumfanekiso. Ngamanye ama-LED ayisikhombisa abizwa ngokuthi yingxenye, ngoba uma ingxenye ivuliwe, ingxenye iyingxenye yedijithali ( isimiso sesimiso sezinombolo ezingu- 12 noma idijithali). Ngezinye izikhathi i-8 eyengeziwe i-LED isetshenziswe ngaphakathi kwephakheji elifanayo. Isebenza ukukhombisa iphoyinti le-decimal (DP), ngaleyo ndlela ivumela ukubonisa ingqikithi yedesimali uma izinkomba ezimbili noma ezingaphezulu kwezingxenye ezingu-7 zixhunyiwe ndawonye ukumela izinombolo ezinkulu kunezingu-10.

Izingxenye eziyisikhombisa ze-LED ezibukwayo zixhunywe kumgqa ohambelana nomugqa wokuxhumana, ohlala ngqo ezindlini zeplastiki zeplastiki zenkomba. Oxhumana nabo be-LED bamakwe ngamalebula a-g abamele ingxenye ngayinye ngayinye. Abanye oxhumana nabo bezingxenye ze-LED baxhunyiwe komunye nomunye bese bakha ukuphela okuvamile.

Ngakho-ke, ukuhlaselwa okuqondile okusetshenziselwa oxhumana nabo abahambelanayo bezingxenye ze-LED ngendlela ethile kuzobangela ezinye izingxenye ukuba zikhanyise, futhi okusele kuzohlala kubumnyama, okuvumela ukubonisa uphawu olufunayo lwephethini yenombolo ezoboniswa esibukweni. Lokhu kusivumela ukuba simele ngayinye yamadijithi ayishumi edesimali kusuka ku-0 kuya ku-9 kusikhombisa sezinxenye ezingu-7.

Ukukhishwa okuvamile kusetshenziselwa ukucacisa uhlobo lwesiboniso sezinxenye ezingu-7. Isibonisi ngasinye se-LED sinemikhombandlela emibili yokuxhuma, enye yayo ibizwa ngokuthi "i-anode", kanti enye, ngokulandelana, ibizwa ngokuthi "i-cathode". Ngakho-ke, isibonakaliso se-LED sezinkomba eziyisikhombisa singaba nezinhlobo ezimbili zomklamo wesifunda - nge-cathode ejwayelekile (OK) futhi nge-anode ejwayelekile (OA).

Umehluko phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo ezimbili zokubonisa ukuthi kuyi-design okwakulungile, ama-cathodes azo zonke izingxenye ezingu-7 axhunyiwe ngokuqondile komunye nomunye, futhi esiteshini nge-anode evamile (OA), ama-anode azo zonke izingxenye ezingu-7 axhunyiwe komunye nomunye. Womabili ama-schemes asebenza kanje.

• I-cathode evamile (OK) - ama-cathodes axhunyiwe kuwo wonke ama-LED anezinombolo ze-logic "0" noma axhunyiwe kumcingo ovamile. Amagatsha ngabanye aboniswa ngokusondeza isignali yezinga eliphezulu lologi noma isignali "1" ku-output yabo ye-anode ngokumelana nokunciphisa ukudala ukuhlaziya okuqondile kwama-LED ngamunye.
• I-anode evamile (i-OA) - i-anodes yazo zonke izingxenye ze-LED zihlangene futhi inezinga lologi "1". Izingxenye zomunye zokukhanya kwekhombisi uma cathode ngayinye ixhunyiwe emhlabathini, logi "0" noma isignali ephansi engenayo ngokusebenzisa ukumelana okulinganiselwe okuhambisanayo.

Ngokuvamile, izinkomba zezinxenye eziyisikhombisa ezine-anode ezivamile zithandwa kakhulu, ngoba izifunda eziningi zemilo zingadinga okungaphezulu okwedlula amandla okunikezwa amandla. Futhi phawula ukuthi ukubonisa nge-cathode evamile akuyona indawo eqondile esifundeni sokubonisa nge-anode evamile. Futhi ngokuphambene nalokhu - lokhu kufana nokufakwa kwama-LED ngendlela ehlukile, futhi ngenxa yalokho, ukuphuma kokukhanya ngeke kwenzeke.

Nakuba isibonakaliso sezinxenye ezingu-7 singabhekwa njengesibonakaliso esisodwa, sisekhona ama-LED ayisikhombisa ahlukene ngaphakathi kwephakheji elifanayo, futhi ngaleyo ndlela lawa ma-LED adinga ukuvikelwa kusuka ngaphezulu kwe-overcurrent. Ama-LED avela ekukhanyeni kuphela lapho ehlaselwa khona, futhi inani lokukhanya elikhishwe yilo lilingana nalokho okwamanje. Lokhu kusho kuphela ukuthi ukukhanya okukhanya kwe-LED kwanda cishe ngokulinganayo ngokumanje okwandayo. Ngakho-ke, ukuze ugweme ukulimaza i-LED, lamanje okuphambili kumele ahlolwe futhi anqunyelwe ukulingana okuphephile ngokumelene nokunciphisa okungaphandle.

Izinkomba ezinjalo zezingxenye eziyisikhombisa zibizwa ngokuthi izinkomba ze-static. Ukulimala okuphawulekayo yinani elikhulu leziphetho ephaketheni. Ukuqeda le nsalela, izinhlelo zokuphathwa okunamandla kwezinkomba zesigaba eziyisikhombisa ziyasetshenziswa.

Isibonisi sezingxenye eziyisikhombisa sithole ukuthandwa okukhulu phakathi kwama-radio amateurs, ngoba kulula ukuyisebenzisa futhi kulula ukufunda.