Iplanethi yephepha: uhlelo lwe-origami

Ngokuchanekile, ngamunye wenu wenza ezindizeni ezincane ezincane - izindiza, izindiza zezindiza, izinhlobo zezulu ezihlukahlukene. Kulesi simo, akekho umuntu ocabanga ukuthi ukwenziwa kwemikhiqizo yamaphepha - lokhu kuyi-art yaseJapane yasendulo, okuthiwa i-origami. Leyo ngxenye yesayensi esithakazelisayo ngempela echaza indlela yokwenza izindiza ezihlukahlukene ezivela ephepheni (uhlelo): i-fighter, ibhomu, i-lightweight glider nezinye eziningi, ibizwa ngokuthi i-aerogami. Amamodeli akhona ahlukene kakhulu kangangokuthi akunakwenzeka ukuba achaze futhi afunde bonke.

Indiza yephepha yavelaphi?

Uma ubeka eceleni umlando waseJapane wokuthuthukiswa kwe-Origami bese uvula umbono wakho e-Yurophu, ungabona ukuthi izinhlobo zezindiza ezivela ephepheni - amacebo abo ahlala efanele futhi namuhla uLeonardo da Vinci wayekuthanda ukwakha. Esebenzisa isikhumba, wenza enye yezinhlobo zokuqala zezindiza. Ngemva kwesikhashana, abazalwane baseMontgolfier bakha imodeli yamaphepha ebhaluni. Ngale ndlela, iphepha elikhanyayo lamabhola-lanterns liyathandwa kakhulu futhi namuhla, eligcwele umoya oshisayo ovela ebhandeni elivuthayo, bangakhuphuka emoyeni.

Umsunguli wezithombe zokuqala zokushayela nguJohn Cayley. Wenza izindiza ezinjalo ngeflaksi ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-XVIII, kwakufanele ziqalwe ngesandla.

Naphezu kokuthi ukuqala kokukhuluma ngezindiza ezihamba ngezinyawo kusebenza kakade ngo-1909, nanamuhla izihloko ezithandwayo ezenziwe ngezandla ezenziwe ngephepha. Izindiza, izikimu zazo eziye zaphazamisa ukuhluka kwazo, izingane ziqala ukugoqa eminyakeni engama-4-5, kanti kwabanye lokhu okuzilibazisa kubalulekile kulo lonke impilo.

I-Glider

Enye yezinhlobonhlobo ezilula ukuthi ngamunye wakho abeke ebuntwaneni bakho yindiza yephepha (umdwebo ongezansi) obizwa ngokuthi "Umcibisholo" noma uhlobo oluthile lwe "Glider". Le model inezici ezinhle kakhulu zezindiza, kodwa kulula kakhulu. Yenza indiza iphepheni - umdwebo ongaphambi kwakho - ungayenza ngezinyathelo eziyisithupha kuphela:

• Beka ipheshana elingemaceleni phambi kwakho bese ulifaka ngesigamu eceleni komude (eceleni);
• Ukugoba insika phakathi kweqabunga ngaphakathi, ukwakha unxantathu we-isosceles; Zama ukwenza izinhlangothi zibe ezingeni eliphezulu, lokhu kuzokwenzela izici zezindiza zomkhiqizo;
• Bend isakhiwo esilandelayo phakathi kobubanzi ukuze kusukela ekhoneni kuya emaphethelweni angaphansi kukhona cishe ngo 2-3 cm;
• Sibuye siphinde sigqoke unxantathu we-isosceles, nekhoneni eliphuma ngaphansi kwalo, ligoqa phezulu, ngaleyo ndlela lilungise i-fuselage;
• Flip umklamo owenziwe bese uyigoba phakathi kwesigamu;
• Bend amaphiko, ubenze ngokubanzi noma ngisho nokuqonda kwakho, lokhu kuzokwenza ukuthi inqamule futhi ilula kangakanani indiza izoba.

Zilk

Le indiza yaseJalimane yenziwe ngephepha, uhlelo lwakhona aluyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, lungaqondakali kakhulu futhi lunemikhawulo ephakeme kakhulu. Lokhu kutholakala ngokuhlanganisa umsila wokukhanya kanye ne-fuselage esindayo ngokwanele, ngenxa yalokho umoya ongathinteki.

I-origami yendiza eyenziwe ngephepha - uhlelo lukaZilka:

• Thatha iphepha eliyingxande emaceleni bese uligoba phakathi kwesigamu (kusukela kwesokudla kuya kwesobunxele), bese uyiqondisa futhi;
• Manje yenza okufanayo kusukela phezulu kuya phansi, uqondise ishidi bese ugoba isigamu esiphezulu esiphakathi (ububanzi);
• Bendlela ngaphakathi emakhoneni angenhla kuya emgodini wesisekelo, ingxenye engenhla kufanele ibukeke njengephiramidi encane;
• Gweba ingxenye engaphezulu ukusuka phezulu kuya phansi, ngenkathi uthinta umugqa wendawo futhi;
• Flip isakhiwo emuva kuye bese uyiphonsa eceleni kwesigamu ukusuka kwesokudla kuya kwesobunxele;
• I-angle engakwesokudla engenene eliphezulu igobile phansi futhi iqondiswe futhi;
• Vula i-angle engakwesokudla bese uyiphonsa phansi, nengxenye engenhla igoqiwe emuva kwesigamu;
• Yenza iphiko elifanele - ngalokhu, ukugoba okuphezulu kwekhasi ngakwesokunene;
• Flip umkhiqizo bese uphuma iphiko lesibili;
• Spread amaphiko akho - indiza ilungele ukundiza.

Delta

Enye imodeli endizayo ngempela. Ake sizenzele indiza enjalo ephepheni, sinomdwebo:

• Thatha iphepha (umxhwele) bese ucacisa i-axis eyinhloko ephezulu;
• Shiya uphawu oluphakathi phakathi, uhlukanise ishidi ngokuqondile;
• Hlukanisa ohlangothini lwesobunxele we-workpiece zibe izingxenye ezine ezilinganayo, ngenkathi ugoqa imigqa emibili;
• Siphambanisa ingxenye engezansi engxenyeni ephakathi bese silungisa umugqa ophakathi, senza okufanayo nesigamu esiphezulu;
• Manje uhlangothi olungakwesokudla luboshwe ngokuqondile phakathi kweshidi;
• Khona-ke umkhawulo womsebenzi wobuciko kufanele uboshwe ngendlela yokuthola i-angle eqala phakathi nendawo futhi ufinyelele kumgca wesithathu wokugoba (oboniswe kumdwebo, Fig. 4);
• Ngendlela efanayo sifaka enye inqenqema;
• Unxantathu obunzima obangela umphumela we- angle we- obtuse eyenziwe ngamacala;
• Gcwalisa ingxenye ephikisayo yephiko eliphezulu ephaketheni elincane, onalo;
• Faka i-workpiece ngesigamu emgqeni wendawo bese uqala ukwakha amaphiko.

Yilokho, i-Delta ilungile! Qalisa!

Ngingathanda ukungeza ukuthi uma wenza lo modeli kungcono ukusebenzisa iphepha elinyene kakhulu, uma kungenjalo ngeke ukwazi ukubeka imigqa emihle kakhulu futhi ngokucacile, futhi lokhu kungathinta izimo ze-aircraft.

Canard

Indiza elandelayo yephepha, uhlelo oluyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kunalolu dlulile, luhloselwe izindiza ezide kakhulu. Isici sawo esivela yikhono lokuhleleka kahle futhi uhlale kahle emgwaqweni. Ngakho, siqala:

• Thatha ipheshana (i- A4 format ), uyibophe ngesigamu (ukusuka kwesokudla kuya kwesobunxele), bese uphinde ungene embusweni wokuqala;
• Amaphethelo angaphezulu aphezulu emgqeni ophakathi, okubonakala ngokucacile;
• Flip isakhiwo;
• Amaphethelo okwedlulela egoba phakathi nendawo, nengxenye yangemuva ayidingi ukugujwa;
• Gweba idayimani ephakathi ngesigamu, kusukela phezulu kuya phansi;
• Bend ishidi eliphezulu lezinxantathu ezisenhla phezulu, ubeke umcengezi ngaphansi nje kwepanga elidlule;
• Bend umkhiqizo ophumela emuva emuva kwesigamu;
• Beka isendlalelo esiphezulu ngokuzenzekelayo ngakwesokudla - kuyoba yiphiko; Flip umshini wokusebenza bese ugoqa iphiko lesibini lendiza.

Spread amaphiko akho, Canard kuya indiza ilungile. Yiqiniso, ezinye izilimi ezimbi zithi le modeli yendiza ingeyenawo ondizayo, kodwa ngubani okuvimbela ekuphikiseni lesi sitatimende. Yenza indiza enjalo wena futhi uhlole.

Nicky encane

Ukwenza indiza enjalo ye-origami ephepheni, uhlelo luyasiza kakhulu, ngoba "i-Nicky encane" ayilula ukulula, kudingeka uqaphele kakhulu. Le ndiza enephiko eliphikile lifana kakhulu ne-fighter, likwazi ukuhamba kahle futhi likwazi ukuthuthukisa ijubane elihle.

Ukuze wenze le nsiza uzodinga ishidi le-shape yes square:

• Bend ishidi ngesigamu, bese ufaka izingxenye ezigciniwe ezigciniwe ezingxenyeni kwesobunxele, kufanele ube nezingxenye ezine ezilinganayo;
• Amakhonksi aphansi, ukugoba emafoleni okuqala bese ubhala imigqa yokuphinda;
• Flip umklamo bese ugoba ama-triangles enkabeni;
• Bese usinciphisa i-angle ephawulekayo yalesi sibalo bese uyihlisela phansi futhi ubuyele ukuze ithinte umngcele ophezulu weshidi;
• Manje bhonta phakathi kwezingxenye eziseceleni;
• Vula umkhiqizo bese ucindezela emaphethelweni aphezulu we-craft, udonsa izingqimba ezingaphandle;
• Bendela unxantathu oholela emuva njengoba kuboniswe kulesibalo;
• Gcina indiza eceleni, ugobe amaphiko phansi;
• Bendlela emaphethelweni amaphiko bese uqondisa indiza.

Konke, ingane kaNiki ilungele ukuhamba okude! Flew!

Enye indlela

Futhi kuthiwani uma ungaphumeli ukungeza izindiza, noma mhlawumbe ufuna nje ukuzama into entsha?

Kunenye indlela eya ezindizeni ezizimele ezivela ephepheni - uprinte lesi sigaba, unqume izingxenye eziqediwe bese ugoba emigqeni ehlongozwayo. Ukuqoqa izinhlobo ezinjalo zephepha, ungathola ama-troopers amaningi, ama-fighters nama-bombers angabi nakakhulu kunezi, futhi uma behlangene kakhulu-bahlele umbukiso omncane, ozokwazisa abangane bakho.

Nazi ezinye izincomo ezilula:

• Uma ungeke ukwazi ukuphrinta isithombe sombala, kulungile - sebenzisa iphrinta elimnyama nelomhlophe, uphinde upende izindiza eziphelile;
• Uma ufuna ukuqoqa indiza enkulu, bese uthatha iphepha elimnyama, kungenjalo imininingwane izokhutshazeka;
• Ngezindiza encane, futhi nokusebenzisa imininingwane emincane sebenzisa iphepha eliphansi lehhovisi, kulula ukunamathela;
• Ukuthi amafolda asebenzise kahle futhi asebenzise ngokunenzuzo umbusi wensimbi nommese wokubhala ;
• Ukuze wenze kahle imininingwane edingekile, sebenzisa ipensela elula, ubaqondise eceleni komsebenzi kuze kube yilapho imiphetho iguqulwa;
• Izigaba ezinhlangothini ezimhlophe zingcono ukudweba ngokushesha, ngaphandle kwalokho zingalimaza ukubukeka komodeli ophelile;
• Ukusebenza kungcono ukusebenzisa i-glue ebonakalayo njenge "Isikhathi";

Amathiphu ambalwa

Ngendlela oyifaka ngayo ngendlela efanele nangenhla imodeli yakho yendiza, izici zayo zokuhamba zixhomeke. Naphezu kokuthi leli phepha liyizinto ezilula futhi ezincane, izindiza ezihlungiwe kahle zinamandla okwanele futhi ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile zingagcina ukuma kwayo isikhathi eside.

Ungasheshi, zama ukulandela imiyalelo ngokuqondile - uma ungaphindela isifunda ngokuphindaphindiwe, kungcono ukuthi indiza izophuma.

Ukuze uthole indiza enhle, khetha amamodeli anjalo, lapho indawo yamaphiko inkulu kakhulu kune-fuselage.

Khokha ngokukhethekile umsila - uma ingakhiwanga kahle, indiza ngeke ihambe.

Khetha amamodeli anamaphiko aphikisiwe, lokhu kuzokusiza ukuthuthukisa izici ze-aircraft bese ukwandisa ububanzi bendiza.

Ukuhamba kuqala

Zonke izinhlobo zezindiza ezivela ephepheni, okuyizinhlelo zazo ezixoxwe ngazo kulesi sihloko, zihamba kahle (mhlawumbe ngaphandle kweCardard). Noma kunjalo, kunezimiso eziningana zokuqaliswa ngempumelelo:

• Qinisekisa ukuthi indiza ihlungiwe ngendlela efanele, ngokuhambisana ne-scheme;
• Hlola ngokucophelela ukuthi amaphiko omodeli asetshenzisiwe ngokunembile nangokufanele;
• Qalisa izindiza phezulu, ubheka indawo engaba ngu-40-45 ;
• Lungisa amandla okuqalisa, kuxhomeke kuyo noma ngabe idivayisi yakho izoba lula ukuhlela noma ukuhamba ngokushesha ngokwanele;

Izindiza eziphumelelayo, ukukhuthazela nokubekezela. Ukwenza indiza evamile ephepheni yindaba elula - into eyinhloko ukuthi kufanele ibe yinto elula, yangempela futhi ekwazi ukuhamba.