Indlela ukukhetha umbhobho kuhle vocals? umbhobho ukuzwela

kokukhetha eyinkimbinkimbi umbhobho vocals itholakala ubumbaxambili izici kudivayisi ngokuya ukuhlonza umuntu izimfanelo izwi ngomculi. Kahle kahle, umsebenzisi ngamunye ivame ukuba ukhethe imodeli kangcono ugcizelela engilakhele isithunzi sobukhulu vocals yakhe futhi ifihle amaphutha. Nquma ukuthi umbhobho oluthile ukwazi ukubhekana lo msebenzi ngakho ayilula kangako. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngisho ukuthenga i-premium version abizayo nge izinkomba eziphambili akusona isiqinisekiso imisebenzi yayo ngempumelelo ezimweni ezehlukene ukusetshenziswa. Nokho, ukukhetha imakhrofoni eliphezulu vocals kungaba, uma eziyinkimbinkimbi acabangele ukusebenza libe nezici, ngaphandle Ngikhohlwa Ergonomics tekusebentisa izici kwesakhiwo.

Ukhiye Ukukhethwa sokunquma

izakhiwo Ukusebenza microphone ikwenza kucace kangakanani kungembula ngokunembile vocal hlobo locingo. Lokhu akusho ukuthi ngeke uvumele indlela engcono kakhulu ukubonakalisa kwabo, kodwa ukuba khona kwezinceku sikhundla luyisisekelo Ukukhetha. Ngakho, ukunaka Kunconywa ukukhokha ezicini ezifana ukuzwela, impendulo amplitude-imvamisa futhi directivity izici. Lawa izici eziyinhloko ukuthi ukuhlukanisa imibhobho vocal imifanekiso ehlukene. Ekusebenteni, lezi nemingcele kungathinta imininingwane umsindo, kuba khona nobe kungabikhona okuvimba ngabanye amaza, ukuzinza, ngakho ivolumu ukwesekwa. D.

Nomkhakha amplitude-imvamisa e imishini elalelwayo ngokuvamile iqukethe ukubaluleka efanayo, 'uzekwayo kangaka ukunamathela kulesi simiso ungaphambuki. Noma kunjalo, uma imibhobho yonke imininingwane kanye nokugcina isici ishayela imvamisa kubaluleke kakhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, uma ukhetha umbhobho zokuqopha vocals ke lesi sici ngeke ukucacisa kusebenza kangakanani impendulo kudivayisi ukuze amaza kagesi. Bebonke, ukuzwela, imvamisa ububanzi kanye nohlobo ithuluzi orientation ukunikeza uhlamvu oluthile nokuxhumana hhayi kuphela umculi nge umbhobho kodwa futhi isixha ngamathuluzi ozikhethela. Ungakhohlwa ukuthi njengoba nezinye izinto ezikhethekile abahilelekile bokuqopha kanye sokudlala. Umbhobho kumelwe okungenani athobele izici qualitative imishini eziyisisekelo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma uthenge eliphezulu umbhobho yesimanje, umsebenzi wayo ungalunga uma isetshenziswa ngesikhathi esifanayo ne imishini isabelomali. Ngokwesibonelo, izibalo ukusebenza angeke zembula, ngisho uma usebenzisa ezishibhile isikhulumi amakhebuli.

umbhobho ukuzwela

It kuncike nozwela ezingeni voltage, kwakhiwa okuyinto ku-microphone okukhipha umsindo ngesikhathi umthelela. Ngamanye amazwi, lokhu okuphumayo kagesi ishayela acoustic etholwe ngesikhathi kubulawa izingxenye vocal. Ngokuvamile ukuhlola le nkomba, isebenzisa umcabango umsindo ingcindezi, kodwa ochwepheshe namanje batusa ukusetshenziswa indlela ihlanganiswe ukuthi kunakwe futhi sinusoidal umsindo wave imvamisa isignali, kanye okukhipha voltage. kungathinta kanjani uzwela microphone izinga lomsebenzi wakhe? Uma uthi nhlá kungase kubonakale sengathi kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu njengoba enjalo, kusikisela ukuthi kungenzeka kokuvula ububanzi ezingaba vocal. Kodwa lokhu akulona iqiniso, futhi nje ikhombisa besimo nozwela kokusebenza okusezingeni eliphezulu njengoba ikhwalithi yomculo.

Ukuzwela ukunika kuphela ulwazi mayelana ikhono yedivayisi eyolanda isignali ngebutho ethile ezokwenza luboniswe amandla inkokhelo yesenzo esithize nge ukudlala audio. Nokho, umsebenzi izinga umbhobho kusukela iphuzu Ngenxa izakhiwo acoustic ngokwezinga ubuncane incike ukuzwela, kusukela ngezinga eliphezulu ezifweni we ulwelwesi zingancishiswa zero ukuhlanekezela nokugxambukela, ukubaluleka zazo kwandisa. Naphezu kwalokhu, i-microphone ukuze vocals kufanele kukhethwe ikhumbula elilungile ukuzwela Inkomba. Uma uhlela ukuba nesigaba ukusebenza, le nkomba kufanele kube phezulu, kodwa asikho isidingo ukuthuthukisa ezifweni ukuze yokuqopha. By the way, izidingo ejwayelekile lesikahle kungaba imodeli digital, njengoba ikuvumela ukulungisa abe nozwela ukubaluleka nezimo imisebenzi ethize nemibandela ukusetshenziswa kudivayisi.

Accounting orientation nemingcele

Ngomqondo ezihambisana ngekwemiva nangaphandle isiqondiso kombhobho. Inkomba ukuzwela, njengoba kuphawulwe ngenhla, eveza ikhono idivayisi ukuze uthwebule amandla isignali alalelwayo, eminye iyiguqule ibe voltage. Iphethini directivity yena, kubonisa kanjani ngokunembile ingxenye idivayisi ithola isignali kahle. Ngokwesibonelo, imibhobho omnidirectional umsebenzi vocal ngokulinganayo ngohlangothi ukuzwela ekushayeni front futhi bakhulise amaza omsindo. imodeli Bi Ohlangothi ngokuvamile ngamakhasimende ukusebenza ezinhlangothini, kodwa cha perceive amasignali kusukela phambili isiqondiso labaqaphi elingemuva.

Ethandwa kakhulu ngendlela eyodwa ukulungiswa ezihlinzeka amaphethini ezintathu emisebeni ongakhetha kuzo. Kusho ukuthini lokhu ku umkhuba? Lokhu bamba izikimu umsindo ethulwa cardioid, super-cardioid futhi hypercardioid amaphethini imidvwebo. Kulesi samuntu wonke ezintathu off-axis futhi bangakhathaleli muntu ukuba zadneosevomu umsindo livela imithombo etholakala ngemuva noma kuthabathela ecaleni. Ngokwesibonelo, bendabuko umdwebo cardioid uthayiphe Ukusabalala yabo lesi sijame njengebhoksi inhliziyo. Encwadini ukucushwa esinjalo, Idivayisi engayinaki womsindo phambi zone kanye ngokwengxenye - singatsheki. Hypercardioid Super-cardioid ukucushwa libhekene ngalolo bohlu umsindo ushiye ewumngcingo Ukusabalala endaweni ohlangothini kanye phambi. umbhobho Modern for vocals kwezinye izinguqulo futhi inikeza ikhono oyifisayo esishintshashintshayo ukuzwela. Le ndlela isiyingi noma multidiagrammnye okuyinto sekuqalile idivaysi uthwebule izinkomba ezahlukene kuye ngokuthi isicelo - ngokwesibonelo e-studio noma isigaba.

imvamisa uhla

Nomkhakha amplitude-imvamisa kunqunywa inani ephasishi ngaphakathi okuzokwenza esebumba isignali okukhiphayo. Okwamanje ingxenye onobuhle apharathasi vocal lasebenta uhla 80 Hz - 15 kHz. Lokhu spectrum kuyinto kwemisebenzi yoMnyango idivayisi vocal. Uma kudingeka umbhobho oluphrofeshinali vocals, tom-Toms futhi ugibe imigqomo, kungcono ezibuyekezweni lahlukene 50 Hz. Imishini, ukusebenza nge amaza 30 Hz, kakade akuzona nje for professional kanye ezikhethekile, ezisetshenziswa ukurekhoda imisebenzi angajwayelekile.

Uhlu lokuvama kungenzeka ukuthi umataniswe ngozwelo. Ngakho, uma ezifweni isignali kunquma ukuthi umbhobho elikwazi ukunqaka isignali izizinda, uhlu lokuvama eyabonisa ikhono yedivayisi ukusebenza ukudluliswa okukhipha emazingeni ehlukene. Lena libalulekile kakhulu ngokulandela ilungelo lomuntu ngamunye lokuzikhethela. Ngisho noma ukusekela okuzisholo senhlobo oshiwo ngenhla imibhobho ezahlukene ngendlela yabo Ungasingatha amaza. Abanye onobuhle asebenze kangcono zibe engenhla, kuyilapho abanye - kusukela phansi. Futhi ivolumu imakhrofoni njengendlela yokuthola Oqondisa ukucutshungulwa imvamisa izinkomba kanye nokudlala ngeke kusize. Ukubaluleka kuyinto base ikhono ezingaba ukuba sibhekane ngokuphumelelayo iphakama nezinkinga isignali okukhiphayo. Kufanele acabangele okuthiwa ukusondela umphumela. Lubonakaliswa yokuthi njengoba microphone ukuze umthombo umsindo ongaphakeme izinga lokurhatjha iba enemininingwane ngaphezulu futhi ijulile. Empeleni, lesi simanga libhekisela ukuhlanekezela izinto, kodwa kwezinye izimo, onjiniyela usebenzisa njengethuba umphumela ezengeziwe acoustic.

umbhobho Dynamic noma iribhoni for vocals?

Ukusebenza base -microphone ashukumisayo luyinhlanganisela i inductor futhi isici inzwa ngesimo ulwelwesi. Phakathi ukuchayeka isignali umsindo ukushintshashintsha voltage in ikhoyili ngaphansi isenzo ulwelwesi kanye nokushintshashintsha yayo. Kulokhu ikhoyili usebenza emkhakheni okuqhubekayo kazibuthe. Lona-microphone kangcono izwi, okuyinto yenzelwe ukusetshenziswa njengengxenye amakhonsathi. Ukwakhiwa onobuhle ashukumisayo kungumzimba omkhulu futhi ukuba khona okunamathiselwe ekhethekile Esandleni sakho. Ngokuphathelene izakhiwo ukusebenza, ziqondiswe okuqoshiwe bukhoma indiva off-eksisi imisindo.

Amamodeli yohlobo ibhande, kunalokho, akheke usengozini futhi nozwela ukugcwaliswa yangaphakathi okuyinto siqondiswa enemininingwane futhi olunembile signal processing. Esikhundleni ulwelwesi in a mncane iribhoni umbhobho, okuyothi oscillation kwenzeka futhi voltage ushintsho amanani. kudivayisi Umsebenzi itheyiphu libhekene ezifweni ezithambile elenza iyashelela ukuyisebenzisa ukurekhoda, hhayi ngezwi kuphela, kodwa futhi zomculo. Nokho, i-microphone ukuze yokuqophela futhi kungatholakala emigqeni nenkambiso ashukumisayo. Ngokuvamile, le divayisi enemisebenzi evumela ngokwezifiso ongaxazulula izinkinga ezahlukene.

Uma sikhuluma ukuqopha umsindo wezinsimbi, kufanele sinake kanye ukuhlela kabusha ezikhethekile. Ngokwesibonelo, imibhobho efanayo ashukumisayo ekhiqizwa ezinguqulweni lezigubhu, kuhlanganise Toms, nezinsimbi zomculo ezifuthwayo nokunye okunjalo. D. Ngokuvamile, ukuhlela kabusha enjalo inqobo anhlobonhlobo isiqondiso imingcele e ukuzwela inkomba kanye directivity of isignali bamba.

Ngikuphi okuhlukileko epholisayo umbhobho esigabeni?

Le nguqulo ye-microphone amaculo isakhiwo zayo zangaphakathi inikeza okuqukethwe okubucayi itheyiphu mncane futhi ipuleti metal. Le nhlanganisela kanye namafomu uhlobo capacitor, lapho amandla AC noma icala battery sisetshenziswa. Ngokushesha iyehla iyenyuka voltage zenzeka ngenxa nokuxhumana plate isixwayisi futhi ibhande. Lena i-microphone kuhle ukuqopha studio, kodwa ekhonsathini evulekile zemicimbi ukuthi kuziveza hhayi indlela engcono kakhulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kukhona izinguqulo ezihlukene epholisayo imibhobho ngokufanele. Ngokwesibonelo, ethandwa umugqa wonke amadivayisi yakhelwe ukusebenza zomculo - kusuka amayunithi eshaywayo.

Kwezinye embodiments, amadivaysi capacitor kuthiwa kwahambisana ukushintsha ekhethekile ukunweba amathuba insimbi acoustic. Ngakho, uhlelo roll-off yakhelwe ulungise ongaphakeme Ibhendi yokuvama. Futhi ingasetshenziswa ukwehlisa ukuzwela uma kunesidingo - lesi sici kubalulekile ikakhulu lapho usebenzisa umbhobho studio. Kodwa khumbula ukuthi ongakhetha elengeziwe futhi kukhulisa imodeli price tag. Impendulo umbuzo ukuthi kubiza malini umbhobho nge roll-off switch ukuthi kuthathwa inani lawo lalingaba zinkulungwane 40-50. Deda. Nokho, lokhu kusebenza imikhiqizo eyaziwa izinkampani, idume ngomtapo izinga ezinhle. Enwetshiwe shirokomembrannye imodeli capacitor. Lezi zinguqulo kuhluke umklamo ezinkulu ububanzi enkulu mayelana 3 cm ulwelwesi. Babuye eyenzelwe ukurekhoda, kodwa esikhathini esiningi e izidingo amateur.

Model Shure SM-58

inkampani Shure US phakathi abaholi ingxenye ukukhiqizwa imishini umsindo. Kulokhu sicabangela model of the ashukumisayo umbhobho SM-58, okuyinto efanelekayo ukusetshenziswa ngesikhathi amakhonsathi nasesikhathini yokuqopha. Lokhu-microphone "eShuri" muhle ukusebenza eziyisisekelo nje kuphela, kodwa futhi Ergonomics design. Onjiniyela lokhu inkampani ngokwesiko ekhiqizwa compact inhlukano onobuhle ifomu elula, futhi le nguqulo kuba ngokuphelele kuyavumelana nomqondo Minimalism ukhululekile.

Njengoba for izici acoustic, ukugcwaliswa luthungatha ukucutshungulwa ezijulile zonke amathoni ezinkulu izwi. Idivayisi usebenza nge cardioid iphethini polar evumela umahluko okunengqondo phakathi endaweni eziqondiwe umsindo ngaphandle. Imvamisa impendulo ezisukela 50 Hz kuya ku-15 kHz. Lokhu uhla ikuvumela ukuba ancike ukuvezwa amakhono vocal nangomsindo ecacile futhi esobala. Umbuzo kangakanani-microphone kule design futhi ngete abalandeli sha: ithegi intengo ngokwesilinganiso ayizinkulungwane 10, okuyinto akukubi for ezingeni amadivayisi izinga enjalo .. Ikakhulukazi lapho khona izici zobuchwepheshe zazo obonakaliswe ukuklanywa, futhi izinhlelo idivayisi usuke.

Model Neumann U 87 Ai

Eliphezulu kanye nezobuchwepheshe imodeli obuphambili professional yokuqophela. Le divayisi, abanye ochwepheshe cabanga njengezinga elifanayo studio imibhobho namuhla. Idivayisi libhekene amaphethini emisebeni amaningi, kuhlanganise isiyingi, vosmiobraznaya futhi cardioid. Futhi uma i-microphone "Sur" e-SM-58 ukuguqulwa, kunalokho, yakhelwe ukusebenzisa spectrum ezithile Ukusabalala umsindo, kulesi simo umsebenzisi angasebenzisa isikhethi ukukhetha ukucushwa ofanele kakhulu ezindaweni emincane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, futhi inikeza amandla okwenza imvamisa cutoff kanye isignali ngincipha. Lokhu kusebenza ukucutshungulwa bohlu aphansi.

Uma sikhuluma tesakhiwo, basuke obonakaliswe ubukhulu anda ulwelwesi, isizukulwane esisha isicelo XLR3F-uhlobo isixhumi, futhi icishe attenuator 10 dB. Le modeli is ngokufanele zokuhamba imisebenzi amateur njengoba ukumisa nokulawula Ergonomics luyasetshenziswa ngaphansi kohlelo bendabuko. Kodwa kukhona ethile ukuthi onaleli umbhobho. Inani zedivayisi imayelana ayizinkulungwane 220-230. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, lokhu ukuguqulwa ngokuyinhloko esetshenziswa enkulu umculo studios kanye nezinkampani TV abadinga ukunikeza umsindo wekhwalithi ephezulu ecacile.

Model Sennheiser MK 8

Umenzi German we Sennheiser, eyaziwa kakhulu yendabuko imishini acoustic, kanye-headphone ukusetshenziswa professional ne amateur. Kodwa imibhobho ophumelelayo uvame zenzeka emikhayeni lokhu brand. Ikakhulukazi, i-microphone ezinhle nguMkhonto weSizwe 8 ingasetshenziswa ekhaya kule yokuqopha. Le modeli capacitor nge diaphragm double, libhekene esihle futhi ethambile umsindo ukusakaza. Ukuze ukuvezwa esiphezulu Onjiniyela vocal kufanele sicabange ukuthi singakwazi yini usebenzisa isiyingi, zandiswa futhi super-cardioid ohlangothini cardioid ejwayelekile ukucupha.

Kuyaphawuleka ngesinye isici imodeli. Iqiniso lokuthi umsebenzisi MK 8 uyakwazi ukuzivumelanisa yisiphi uhlobo kwesigaba mixer alalelwayo ngokusebenzisa attenuator ezintathu isigaba. Ngokuvamile, iqoqo izesekeli ezifakwe nalokhu imodeli wenza idivayisi cishe jikelele noma kunjalo, kumayelana iziteshi yokuxhuma imodeli imishini third-party ngaphezu mixer. ukunakekelwa okukhethekile Kubalulekile izinga okusezingeni eliphezulu ohlelweni filtration, okungase ngokuzikhethela zisuswe futhi umphumela wathi isilinganiselo umsindo umthombo, futhi umsindo ukuchayeka iphethini. Ngokuvamile singasho ukuthi kuyinto kwezobuchwepheshe, ukusebenza kanye omuhle izinga umbhobho. Nokho, Inani imodeli, futhi kunalokho enkulu futhi angaba yizinkulungwane 50.

Indlela ukhethe best?

Ekukhetheni imakrofoni, kunzima ukugxila ezintweni ezithile ngaphandle kokuqonda okucacile ukusebenza kwesikhathi esizayo kwedivayisi. Ngakho-ke, umehluko ezindleleni zokukhethwa azinqunywanga kuphela ngobubanzi besicelo, kodwa futhi nobuqili behlangano yobuchwepheshe yenqubo yomsebenzi. Inani lizobili indlela yokuxhumana, nezidingo zokurekhoda, kanye nemiphumela yangaphandle yangaphandle ekuklanyeni kwedivayisi.

Kulesi simo, ekukhetheni kwamadivaysi ezidingo zomhlaba wonke, ochwepheshe batusa ukunamathela ezilinganisweni ezijwayelekile, bebeka ukugcizelela kwezobuchwepheshe obuphambili. Isibonelo, isixhumi se-microphone se-XLR sokuxhumana okulinganisela kancane sinikeza indlela yefomethi ye-XLR3F enenzuzo kakhulu. Noma kunjalo, lezo zinguquko ikakhulukazi zithinta izesekeli nezesekeli zangaphandle. Ukugcwaliswa kwangaphakathi nedivaysi yokwakha ye-Ribbon membranes efanayo kugcina ukucushwa okuyisisekelo nokungeniswa kwezinguquko ezincane. Kunoma yikuphi, ukulindela ukusebenza okuphezulu kwedivaysi yobuchwepheshe yemakrofoni kuyodingeka kuphela uma kwenzeka umthengi uthengwa kumkhiqizi omkhulu. Ngisho noma ukuguqulwa kwesabelomali kusuka kumkhiqizi owaziwa kancane kuzoba nezici ezifanayo zokuqokwa, lokhu akusho ukuthi ngokwenza umodeli uzohlinzeka ngezinga elifanayo elizwakalayo. Noma kunjalo, kukhona okungafani nalokhu.