I-Portocaval i-antiastomoses njengesixazululo nokuxilongwa kwezinkinga zomzimba

Umzimba wethu unesistimu ye-circulatory ehlelwe kahle kakhulu. Endabeni yezinkinga kunoma yimiphi iminyango, ukusabalalisa kwempahla kuyasebenza, okubangelwa ukuba khona kwama-anastomoses. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zibambiso ngezinye izikhathi zikhomba izimpawu zomtholampilo zezifo ezithile.

Izitsha zomhlaba ezimbiza zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu amakhulu amathathu: i-portal system portal, imithanjeni engezansi engezansi. Ngamunye wala maqembu uveza ukuphuma kwegazi kwezinye izindawo zomzimba. Phakathi kwazo kunezinhlanganisela eziningi ezibizwa ngokuthi i-portocaval kanye ne-kava caval anastomoses. Ngakho-ke, uma kwesinye sezinhlelo kwakunjalo, isibonelo, ukukhishwa kwe-vein, khona-ke ngenxa yobuningi bezinsiza, ukuphuma kwamanzi kuzokwenziwa.

Manje ake sicabangele ngokuningiliziwe kabanzi nge-portocaval anastomoses. Ziyizixhumanisi ze-portal vein (v. Porta) kanti i-vena cava engezansi noma ephezulu (v. Cava ephansi nangaphezulu) futhi unezindawo ezilandelayo:

- Ingxenye engezansi ye-esophagus. Igazi elisuka emgodini we-portal lingena emithanjeni yesisu, okuyi-anastomosed kakhulu ne-esophagus. I-veophageal veins, nayo, igeleza emithanjeni engaphili kahle futhi engaphelelwe yilapho igeleza ku-v. I-Cava ephakeme;

- i-rectum. Ukuphuma kwegazi kwenziwa emithonjeni emithathu kusuka ezingxenyeni ezingenhla, eziphakathi naphakathi. Igazi elivela engxenyeni engenhla ligelela emgodini we-mesenteric ophansi, ukusuka phakathi-ungene ngaphakathi kwe-aliac futhi, ekugcineni, kusukela ophansi-ukuya ocansini wangaphakathi (ngokuya ngaphakathi kwe-yangac yangaphakathi). Ngokuvamile, ngobuningi be- rectum bonke baxhuma bese benza ama-anastomoses e-portocaval;

- udonga lwangaphakathi lwesisu (eduze komngcele womlomo). I-anastomosis eyinkimbinkimbi, imithombo yayo yimivuthwandaba yazo zonke izinhlelo ezintathu. I-vein imelwe yimifino ye-vein, ekhona kwisiguli esiyindilinga yesibindi. Kusukela ku- vena cava ephakeme kuya ku-anastomosis i-epigastrium engenayo ijoyina, futhi kusukela emgodini ongezansi, i-epigastrium ephansi;

- I-capsule yezinso. Kule ndawo, ukuxhumeka kwe-veenteric vein (okuvela emthanjeni we-portal) kanye nemivimbo ye-renal (kusukela ngaphansi kwe-vena cava) kwenzeka.

Kumele ngithi akukhona kuphela ama-anastomoses e-portocaval. Kwezinye izindawo, xhuma imithanjeni engenhla engezansi. Izinhlanganisela ezinjalo zibizwa nge-cava caval anastomoses. Kunezintathu:

Udonga lwangaphakathi lwesisu. Ngaphezu kwe-anastomoses ne-vein ye-portal, ama-hollow aphansi nephezulu ahlanganiswa kakhulu komunye nomunye;

I-vertebral plexus. Emgodleni ophezulu, imithanjeni yalesi sifundazwe i-anastomosed nemithanjeni yekhanda nentamo ukusuka ohlelweni olungenhla, futhi engxenyeni engezansi nemithanjeni ye-lumbar evela engezansi engezansi. Ngakho-ke, i-anastomosis yenziwa nge-plexus ye-vertebral;

- emuva ephansi. Imithanjeni ye- Lumbar (engezansi engezansi) kanye nemithanjeni engaphelele futhi engaphelele (engenhla engenhla).

Ukubaluleka kwemigwaqo yokuphuma kungenakwenzeka. Isibonelo, esimweni se-syndrome ye- portal hypertension , i-portocaval anastomoses idlala indima ebalulekile yokuxilonga. Iqiniso liwukuthi phambi kwalezi zifo, izimbonakaliso eziningi zemitholampilo zihambisana nazo. Kuphuma igazi kusukela emithanjeni ekhulisiwe ye-ecopus, kanye nase-rectum. Isiqalo se-classic yi-"jellyfish head". Ibonakala emdongeni wangaphakathi lwesisu futhi iyisisindo esandisiwe se-anastomosing. Konke lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ngenxa yokucindezela okwenyuka emthonjeni we-portal, igazi ligeleza kuzo zonke izindlela ezitholakalayo kuye. Izimbangela ze- syndrome ye-portal hypertension ziyizifo zesibindi, isibonelo, i-cirrhosis, isifo sofuba, izilonda zesisu, njll.

Ngakho-ke, ukuba khona kwe-anastomosis kuyisikhathi esibaluleke kakhulu ekusebenzeni komzimba. Badlala indima ehlukile ezinkambisweni eziningi zezinkinga zegazi futhi zibaluleke kakhulu kokubili ngesinqumo esizimele sesigungu sezinkinga ezihlukahlukene, kanye nokutholakala kwezifo ezithile.