Bender Fortress: umlando, izithombe, ukuvakasha

Kuvele lesikhumbuzo oluvelele bokwakha ukuzivikela kwekhulu XVI iyona Bender Fortress. Izithombe salesi siphephelo, kanye ukwaziswa okuthakazelisayo emakhasini nomlando wayo ocebile, uzothola kulesi sihloko.

Bender: isisekelo umuzi kwakhiwe le nqaba

Bender edolobheni umsuka endaweni ethile ekuqaleni kwekhulu xv. Ekuqaleni lalibizwa Tighina (endleleni, baseRomania kanye baseMoldova ezinye ukuyibiza kanjalo namanje). Umsuka igama lendawo kungenzeka ukuthi umataniswe ngegama elithi "okusalungiswa", njengoba settlement ngokwawo waba eduze inezimpabano ezinkulu Dniester.

Kuqanjwe kabusha umuzi e Turks Bender, uye athumba ezweni sendawo 1538. Ziyakwazi efanayo ngemva kweminyaka emibili, futhi waqala ukwakha inqaba enamandla lapha. Nakuba kwaziwa ukuthi ngaphambi Bender babe ezonini ukuzivikela we iMoldavian King Shtefana Velikogo.

Bender inqaba kwadalwa edumile wezakhiwo Sinan, ngubani phakathi eside (eminyakeni cishe eyikhulu namashumi) ukuphila kwakhe eyakhelwe izakhiwo phezu kwabangamakhulu amathathu ngaphakathi ke uMbuso WaseTurkey. Ngo ezwe elaliyi-USSR kunesinye lesikhumbuzo ezakhiwo wazo - lamaSulumane Han-Jami e Yevpatoria.

inqaba ungenakunqotshwa Bender

Evliya Çelebi, isihambi ezidumile Turkish kwekhulu XVI, usinika incazelo yokuqala zomlando le nqaba emzini Transnistrian. Bender Fortress kuyinto ejwayelekile Western Europe izinqaba nenqaba hlobo. ukwakhiwa kwalo waqala cishe ngokushesha ngemva kokuba bengena emzini amatheku. Lonke idolobha is kuqala sizungezwe umsele ezijulile nesicu okusezingeni eliphezulu. I inqaba kakhulu efanayo, okuyinto matasa indawo enkulu 67 amahektha, ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye ezimbili: yasenhla nemithombo yasenzansi.

Ngenxa indawo yayo ezindawo, Bender inqaba isibe iphuzu kwezolimo iminyaka eminingi. Paramount ukubaluleka ke idlalwe phakathi nezimpi Russian-Turkish.

Umlando Bendery inqaba uyakhumbula kwemizamo eminingi lokushaya wakhe. Nokho, iningi labo akuphumelelanga. Kuze kube 1770s inqaba kwaba ungenakunqotshwa ngokuphelele.

I inqaba phakathi nezimpi Russian-Turkish

Phakathi nezimpi Russian-Turkish kwezinhloko zamaviyo isiRashiya, njengoba sazi, kathathu ukuthatha lokhu kubaluleke osendaweni enqabeni osebeni Dniester. Okokuqala ukuthatha Bendery inqaba wawuba ngasekuqaleni 1770. Ukusebenza, eyathatha izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezingu-60, eholwa Perth Panin. Abahlaseli ephethwe ukubhubhisa omunye kwemibhoshongo enqabeni, ngemva kwalokho Russian nswí. Phakathi bamba le nqaba Bender Kushone-30% wayo yonke impi Panina - amasosha acishe abe yizinkulungwane eziyisithupha. Nokho, umgomo yafinyelelwa ekupheleni September 1770, unyaka wezempi Russian band e Bendery Fortress ukwaziswa bamba yayo.

By the way, Russian Umbusikazi uCatherine II wagxeka kwalokhu kunqoba, ukusibiza ukunqoba Pyrrhic. Noma kunjalo, uMbuso WaseTurkey, ukulahleka kwale into ebaluleke kwaba nenhlekelele yangempela.

ethatha Okwalandela Bender Fortress Russian senzeka ngo 1789 futhi 1806. Kodwa-ke konke kwahamba ngaphandle kwegazi. Ngakho, ngo-1789 ibutho Russian ngaphansi kobuholi Grigoriya Potomkina wawuthatha ngaphandle kokulwa, futhi 1806 - inqaba elathunjwa ngenxa ngobuqili nokufumbathisa isikaniso Turkish ngiwuqapha.

Njengoba yaziwa, neMpi Russian-Turkish yaphela kabi kakhulu ngokuvukela uMbuso WaseTurkey. Ngemva kokuthweswa iziqu zabo Russia enwetshiwe umthelela wabo ezweni lonke eBessarabia.

Amaqiniso ethakazelisayo le Bender Fortress

Nale lesikhumbuzo yezakhiwo kanye izinqaba lihlotshaniswa eziningi amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo, okuyinto ukuheha izivakashi enqabeni. Nazi ezinye zazo:

• Bender inqaba wagcwalisa umsebenzi walo ukuzivikela kwesokudla kuze kube sekupheleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili! Ngisho nanamuhla, it is wamisa eduze Abezempi isimo engaziwa - the Pridnestrovian iMoldavian Republic.
• Fortress uvikelekile ku 1709 Ukraine Hetman Ivan Mazepa futhi King Swedish Charles XII, owabaleka ngemva kokunqotshwa at Poltava. ngokushesha futhi Mazepa wafa lapha, emaphethelweni Bender, edolobhaneni Varnita.
• Nge kwemukelwa Bendery Fortress kungenxa e 1711 okuthiwa umthethosisekelo Europe kuqala - uMthethosisekelo Pilipa Orlika, owayenguyise owalandela we Mazepa oshonile.
• Ngo Bendery Fortress manje Zokuhlukunyezwa Museum - ngedwa Transnistria.

Munchausen ikhenela egcekeni enqabeni Bendery

Akuwona wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi umsunguli ezidumile owenza Baron Munchausen - lena hhayi umlingiswa oqanjiwe. Umuntu onjalo, ngaphansi kwegama efanayo, kukhona ngempela. Baron Munchausen kusukela German Bondenverdera phakathi nekhulu XVIII, waba yisosha Russian waba nengxenye ukuthunjwa Russian Bakhchisarai, Perekop, Khotin futhi Yevpatoria. Kodwa lapha ukuthatha Russian kuhlulekile Bendery inqaba ngalesi sikhathi, futhi baron waba ufakazi.

Ngokuvamile, Munchausen Umxoxi lalingabulawa kalula "fly" ku-nucleus odumile iyiphi Europe Fortress. Kodwa Bender sobrazili lokuqala engasetshenziswa ngokuphumelelayo ukuthola lo mlando. Ngo egcekeni Bendery inqaba wasungula edume kunazo inganono ibhola, okuyinto landizela Saxon Baron.

isimo yamanje futhi ukuvuselelwa Bendery inqaba

Ngo-2008 waqala kuhlelwe ngaphambili emikhulu ukuvuselelwa inqaba. Ngawo lowo nyaka e Bender wachitha ukusebenza ezigcawugcawu ngokuthatha Bender izinqaba. Ngesikhathi inqaba wahlela alley wenkazimulo isiRashiya, esungulwe Pilipa Orlika Constitution lesikhumbuzo, kanye abadumile Baron Munchausen.

Ngesikhathi inqaba manje usebenza Museum ezimbili: eyokuqala - uhlobo Museum zokuhlukunyezwa, kanti eyesibili ukwazi ngomlando Bendery inqaba. Kusukela ekwindla ka 2012 I-esitolo izivakashi isikhumbuzo, lapho, ikakhulukazi, kungenzeka ukuthenga izinto ezenziwe ngobumba okunethezeka, nokhuni, eyenziwe izingcweti wendawo.

Ekwindla ka-2013 waqala yesibili umsebenzi wokuvuselela izakhiwo ezinkulu inqaba Bendery. Ikakhulukazi, saqala umsebenzi ukubuyiselwa eziyinkimbinkimbi ezakhiwo kwalezi zakhiwo ezimbili ezinde. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abaculi zibe Interiors le nqaba wethempeli Aleksandra Nevskogo. By the way, lena unyaka khona ukukhula Dynamics kwakuwumsebenzi wokuhumusha omkhulu kunayo: ngo-2013 le nqaba wavakashelwa abantu abangaphezu kwenkulungwane 14.

Ngo-2014 on ensimini of the complex kuyoba uhla sokudubula omkhulu, lapho zonke izivakashi ukukutholela ngesikhathi kwenzeka lesi sigameko sokudubula yomnsalo noma CROSSBOW, futhi ngitiva ngilichawe real ephakathi. Ngawo lowo nyaka kwaqala umsebenzi ukubuyiselwa phansi inqaba. Namuhla Bender Fortress uya eba okhangayo yizivakashi. Okuwukuphela kwento kungase ukudida izivakashi lapha - lena Abezempi wamisa eseduze. Nakuba amasosha Sekuyisikhathi eside ejwayele izivakashi.

Bender Fortress ethumba izitembu banknotes njengoba Republic of eMoldova futhi umholi Transnistrian. Ngakho, i-Rock kungabonwa izikweletu esikhathini lei baseMoldova 100 25 ruble Transnistrian. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le nqaba uvezwa ku isikhumbuzo 100-ruble hlamvu lwemali Transdniestria ngo-2006.

Bender Fortress uhambo, kuyilapho

Njalo izivakashi unyaka more and more kude naseduze phesheya edonsela emzini Bendery. Yiqiniso, isikhonkwane maphakathi yigama edumile Bendery inqaba. Trip ku-inqaba - kuyindlela engcono ukuze ufunde mayelana Amakhasi esithakazelisa kunazo zonke emlandweni wayo.

Fortress Bender manje ivulekele wonke umuntu ofuna. Usebenza nsuku zonke kusukela 9 ekuseni kuya ku 18:00. Izindleko yokwemukela Insimu inqaba 25 ruble Transnistrian. Kuyaphawuleka ezicashile ezimbili ezibalulekile: okokuqala, inkokhelo zingenziwa kuphela lwemali ye-republic engaziwa, futhi okwesibili, intengo yokwemukela kwabamele amazwe - kuzabe kuphindwe kabili eliphezulu.

I inqaba kungenziwa yayala bese uhambo, intengo ngeke ifane kusuka 50 kuya kwezingu-150 ruble Transnistrian (kuye ngokuthi ungakanani iqembu kanye nesikhathi uhambo kakhulu). Muva nje, le nqaba sebekwazi oda umhlahlandlela, isiNgisi. Nokho, i-isevisi enjalo izivakashi zakwamanye amazwe kufanele ukhokhe enye ruble 25.

Bender Fortress Museum Zokuhlukunyezwa

Kukhona ensimini ka Bendery Fortress eyingqayizivele okuqukethwe Museum yayo - Indawo egcina amagugu esizwe Zokuhlukunyezwa. Lalivulwe muva nje ekwindla ka-2012. Lokhu Museum ibonisa izikhali ephakathi, amathuluzi kanye amayunithi udangele ngoba ezihlukahlukene sokuhlushwa. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi pay ngokuhlukile yokungena kule Museum akudingekile.

Umqondo ukwakha Museum ezifana izisebenzi inqaba ozalwa ngokuzumayo, ngemva kokuvakashela omunye kwemibhoshongo castle. Njengoba yaziwa, ngaphambili ejele amasela ezincane kanye abaphangi. Umbhoshongo is namanje walondoloza ozankosi amagilebhisi ngozankosi iziboshwa. Bashesha ungeze amathuluzi ambalwa ngaphezulu exotic sokuhlushwa, kanti umphumela uba Museum embhoshongweni. Namuhla, izivakashi ubona lapha kwesitulo bephenywa kolenodrobilku, ingamamitha izimbuzi kanye nezinye izinto ezimbi.

Ekuphetheni ...

Bender Fortress - eliyingqayizivele izinqaba lesikhumbuzo eningizimu empumalanga yeYurophu. Yakhelwe emuva 1540, unyaka wazibonela esekhona izenzakalo yakhe abaningi zeziyaluyalu. Namuhla le nqaba - ithandwa kakhulu izivakashi indawo e Transnistria.