Kuhle esiqandisini Soviet: brand izici, incazelo

Ngisho nasezikhathini zasendulo abantu kwaba sobala ukuthi ukusetshenziswa lokushisa ongaphakeme ivumela ukugcina imikhiqizo. Kwaphela isikhathi eside okhokho bethu esetshenziswa imithombo yemvelo abandayo. Kwaba ice, elalihlanganyela kubanda, kanye sabekwa imigodi noma zewayini. Kulezi izinguzunga zeqhwa yokufakelwa walondoloza ukudla, futhi ehlobo. Ngakho kwakunabantu abangu-izizwe eziningi zaqala ukuthi bethole ithuba elinjalo. Abantu abahlala ezindaweni ezishisayo, kwadingeka ukuba enze ehlukile. Ngokwesibonelo, amaGibhithe ayesebenzisa ukulondolozwa ukudla izitsha ekhethekile wagcwala amanzi, eyayibonakala selehlile ebusuku.

Yiqiniso, konke lokhu izindlela zazingaphucukile ukuze awuzange ungivumele ukuba uthole ezanele Ukupholisa umphumela. Konke ishintshile kuphela ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 lapho yasungulwa ifriji iyunithi. Lolu amazing e ukusebenza walo kudivayisi phakathi ukhona uye savela kusukela kuyunithi besiyoba sikhulu ibe umsizi esisemqoka, ezingasetshenziswa kakade batholakala kulo lonke ikhaya.

Ukuthuthukiswa wokuqala Russian

Kudivayisi ngokuvumela ukuba kuphole imikhiqizo ezweni lethu livele ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20. Amayunithi lokuqala zavezwa phakathi nesikhathi umbuso Tsarist. Umthamo lezi amadivaysi kwaba amalitha 100, kanye nesisindo - 50 kg. osayizi yabo babelingana 365h505h900 mm.

Lokhu iKhabhinethi senziwa ngokhuni, kuyilapho emashalofini - ezenziwe metal lashukumisa. Idivayisi selupholile imikhiqizo amadigri eziyisikhombisa ngenhla zero. Nokho, ukukhiqizwa ukuthuthukiswa amafriji e Tsarist Russia engayitholi. It uvinjelwe kokugqashuka kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, futhi ngemva kwaso - ukuvukela uMbuso. Phakathi Yombango, bese collectivisation we amafriji musa ngisho zikhunjulwe.

Wadala eU.SSR

Ngaphansi kokubusa kweSoviet, amayunithi ukuthuthukiswa lwaluyophola imikhiqizo waqala kuphela namathathu banesifo esibi ngasekupheleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili. Imbala lokuqala Soviet wadedelwa ngo-1937 imboni yakhe yaba laseKharkov izixaxa Plant (HTZ). Yingakho imodeli unit HTZ-120 owayemuhle wayebizwa ngokuthi.

esiqandisini Okokuqala Soviet waba ivolumu 120 l. Uye wasebenza nge compressor hermetic futhi wadala on aphezulu phakathi degrees ezintathu. Esikhathini evaporator, ke lehla degrees amabili ngaphansi kwezingaqhwa. Emaqaqasini esiqandisini kwakukhona isibani. It ngokuzenzakalelayo lapho umnyango ivulekile. Ubukhulu we ekamelweni elingaphakathi bayalingana 755h455h380 mm. esiqandisini Okokuqala Soviet kwadingeka ukwahlukanisa ezenziwe ngokhuni fibre. Uhlonze lwalo lwalungububanzi 80 mm.

amadivaysi Ukulungiswa ukwenziwa imikhiqizo isitoreji ukukhuthaza lula. Yingakho ekukhiqizweni kwalezi amafriji wokuqala weSoviet Union sebededeliwe kuphela ngo-1939 Ngemva konyaka, emakethe umthengi hit amayunithi 3,500. Nokho, ukuqhubeka ukukhiqizwa amafriji limiswe. It waphazanyiswa ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe.

Olunye uhlobo amafriji

Ngaphezu brand HTZ-120 okuyinto kokucindezelwa, ngaphambi impi isakhiwa imiklamo ukumuncwa esiqandisini kulandzelana nekuhlunga tinsita. Ngemva kwezifundo ekhiqizwa sibonelo sakhe. Lokhu esiqandisini Soviet waba ivolumu ewusizo 30 DM. Amazinga bawela degrees ezinhlanu ekamelweni laso, futhi amandla ukusetshenziswa kwaba Watts 100. Nokho, naphezu ukuhlolwa yimpumelelo, ke ayizange zakhishwa ukukhiqizwa ngenxa kugqashuka impi.

Resumption of umsebenzi ukudalwa esiqandisini

Ngo ngemva kwempi ukuthuthukiswa ukumuncwa izakhiwo aqhubeka "Gazoaparat" endaweni yokukhanda. Ngenxa yalokho ngokwawo mayelana nomsebenzi owenziwayo esiqandisini Soviet yalolu hlobo isifakwe ku ekukhiqizweni. I iqoqo lokuqala zalamaqembu.I sehla yokwakha izimoto ngo-1950 Umthamo esiqandisini chamber "Gazoaparat" kokuba igama elifanayo umenzi, kwaba 45 amalitha.

Ukuthuthukiswa amadivaysi athuthukile

Ngemva kokudedelwa batch lokuqala esiqandisini isitshalo "Gazoaparat" akagcinanga lapho. ochwepheshe ibhizinisi yasungulwa futhi zakhishwa ukukhiqizwa kweyunithi ezithuthukisiwe. Lokhu esiqandisini kwaba brand "North", kokuba ivolumu ewusizo 65 amalitha ekamelweni. Bobabili onobuhle amafriji ekhiqizwa ngesikhathi isitshalo "Gazoaparat" ne bafudumale electric.

Nesipiliyoni ekuklanyweni amadivayisi ezivumela ukugcina ukudla, kuyaqapheleka. It wasetshenziselwa emsebenzini wabo, kanye nezinye izimboni eziningi ziqala ukukhiqizwa yasendlini amafriji ukumuncwa hlobo. Ngakho, kusukela Orenburg emakethe umthengi yezwe kwakukhona amayunithi "Orenburg". Velikoluksky isitshalo baqala ukunyathelisa amafriji "Frost", futhi Penza - amadivaysi "Penza". Zonke lezi brand amafriji Soviet bayindlala kakhulu phakathi kwabantu futhi babe abasizi eziqotho okuhlukahlukene eziningi zezwe.

Mark "Crystal"

I ephelele kakhulu ukumuncwa amafriji akhiqizwa amakhilomitha amathathu ukusuka edolobheni Kiev, kwi ngokukhethekile esakhiwe le njongo Vassilkovskaya isitshalo. I kwamabhizinisi lakhiwa ngo-1954 futhi egxile ngokuphelele womshini kumadivayisi we brand "Crystal".

Ngesikhathi isitshalo izakhiwo ezidingekayo womshini cishe kuzo zonke izindawo ukuze amafriji anikezwa. Kwasebenza workshop metal, kanye ukukhiqizwa Foam zenjoloba, polystyrene and plastic imikhiqizo. Kwakukhona ifektri nasemhlanganweni izindawo.

I ephelele kakhulu ukumuncwa amafriji eSoviet Union kwadingeka izinzuzo zalo siqu kanye nobubi obuthile. Abathengi ivumelane nokusebenza kwabo okuthulile, okuyinto kuhambisana ukungabi pheze ephelele kunyakaza kanye nokwenzeka ukusetshenziswa njengoba umthombo energy, ugesi hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi igesi. Kodwa kwakukhona at amafriji ezinjalo kanye nobubi obuthile. Phakathi kwabo - lenyuke ngamandla ukusetshenziswa, kanye umsebenzi njalo ngaphandle wawuhamba.

"Crystal-9" uphawu Eighties kwekhulu elidlule ifektri baqala ukunyathelisa amafriji. Lonke inani waphansi onjalo kwakuyiNkosi 213 amalitha futhi ekamelweni umnkantsha lapho izinga lokushisa sasisekelwa at -18 degrees, - 33 wamalitha.

"Crystal-9" kwaba elisemhlanganweni egcwele iyunithi hlobo. Nokho, it isekela izici kunelazo idivayisi compressor amandla ukusetshenziswa.

Lokhu yokusilela alungisa kule "Crystal-9M" imodeli. ESoviet Union wathenga ilayisensi inkampani Swiss "eSiberia" ukwenziwa kule yunithi.
I-apharathasi entsha lwaluyophola ukudla washisa ugesi kakhulu esingaphansi kwadingeka thermostat uyakwazi ukugcina izinga lokushisa oyifunayo e kwamakamelo, futhi automatic eneqhwa ohlelweni.

Mark "Saratov"

Ngaphezu ukumuncwa eSoviet Union ezimbonini eziningi Sekuqaliswe ukukhiqizwa amafriji yasendlini futhi compressors. Enye yalezi zinkampani kwaba nenani isitshalo 306. ekhiqizwa Ekuqaleni izindiza izinjini. Nge elihambayo yayo esiqandisini "Saratov" Ngafika ngo-1951. Abaphila Besikhathi wakhuluma ngalesi imodeli, ukuthi "okungalungile ehambisana, kodwa ngokuqinile ithungiwe." Lezo zici kunganikeza izinto eziningi ezikhiqizwa kwamanye usakhiwa zokubusa ngesimiso sokusebenzela uhulumeni.

Seziqa "Saratov" unomzimba ezenziwe ngensimbi. Amadivayisi anjalo camera ne koqweqwe lwawo white. Yangaphakathi eshalofini efrijini evaporator wangishaya kusuka insimbi engagqwali. I zinikeza esetshenziswa esiqandisini chromium.

Leyo mikhumbi lokuqala amadivayisi olulodwa-chamber ephethe umthamo we 85 amalitha. Ezishisayo ukwahlukanisa inhlangano iye yatholakala ngezincwadi ukusetshenziswa ingilazi noma amaminerali uvolo. Ngandlela-thile kamuva, le mboni eseqala ukuveza imbala, umsebenzi wenziwa endaweni Freon ephephile kwempilo yabantu.

Refrigeration "Saratov" amayunithi bajabulela impumelelo, hhayi nje phakathi abathengi zaseSoviet Union ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa. imikhiqizo isitshalo akhishelwe khona emazweni amathathu nantathu zomhlaba, kuhlanganise eJarimani France, e-Italy, Belgium, eNgilandi kanye nabanye. Namuhla, amafriji ubudala yaseSoviet yokuthuthela kule brand bayisibonelo ubuchwepheshe elihambisana esithi isikhathi kweqiniso, akhuthazwa ukuba 'ukwakha iminyaka. "

Kuhle compressor iyunithi

Inganekwane phakathi Ukupholisa amadivayisi Soviet kwadingeka isiqandisi Zil. Le yunithi kokucindezelwa, ekukhiqizweni okuhlelwe 1949-1951 GG. ngesikhathi eMoscow Automobile Plant.

Leyo mikhumbi lokuqala amafriji zenzelwe design bureau. Babizwa ngokuthi bangabantu "ZIS-Moscow". Isampula lokuqala esiqandisini ibe ivolumu 165 l.

Ngemva konyaka inhlangano workshop ukwenziwa yasekhaya amadivayisi yasendlini Ukupholisa wabona ukukhanya yentuthuko batch kokuqala amayunithi 300. Lawa kwakungamadodana kokucindezelwa amafriji lokuqala, eyayintula elizwakalayo umthengi.

Imboni laqhubeka landa ngokushesha. Ngesikhashana nje ku emakethe umthengi zemukeliswe, nezinye onobuhle imbala edume. Ngakho, ngo-1960, amaketanga okudayisa langena iyunithi "Zil eMoscow" IKx-240. umthamo wayo ushiye ukupholisa ekamelweni 240 l futhi efrijini gumbi - 29 wamalitha. esiqandisini okusha "Zil eMoscow" wakhala abathengi ikhono ukubeka imikhiqizo phezu kwangaphakathi umnyango panel.

Ngo-1969, entsha esiqandisini ezifuywayo unxande ukuma. Zaba imodeli iyunithi Zil-62 SH-240. isiqandisi ezinjalo kulula angena ejwayelekile ekhishini ingaphakathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abaklami lokuqala zazisetshenziswa kazibuthe emzini wakhe. Lokhu sekwenze kwaba lula ukuqhuba esiqandisini ezindaweni hhayi kuphela ngokulinganisela, kodwa futhi ezindaweni ezishisayo nakwezifudumele.

Minsk nomkhiqizi wedivaysi

Ngokusho Lesinqumo LoMkhandlu Council of Ministers we isi-Byelorussian SSR, ne-August 1959 uqalile belungiselela ukudalwa yasekhaya esiqandisini zikagesi imishini imboni igesi. Ukukhiqizwa kwaba e Minsk. It yaba isisekelo sezinguqulo isofthiwe yamanje "Atlas".

Imbala lokuqala "Minsk-1" sehla yokwakha izimoto ngo-1962 Kwaba iyunithi kokucindezelwa emqulwini 140 amalitha. gumbi wayo umnkantsha kwaba 18.5 amalitha. Ezansi ekamelweni abaklami esiqandisini sinikeze imikhumbi emibili, ayehloselwe ngoba imifino nezithelo. Leyo mikhumbi okuqala esishunyekiwe. Badedelwa lapho babevalelwe khona ngokushesha kusukela phezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iKhabhinethi kwesokunxele Kucatshangwa imikhiqizo kanye izitsha.

Kusukela ngo-1964, kwaqala ukukhiqizwa lokubolekwa imodeli wesibili. Seziqa "Minsk-2" iye bathinteka. Okulandelayo saqala ukukhiqiza amamodeli isizukulwane sesithathu nesesine. Bona ayehlukile kuzo ababengaphambi zabo ukuthi ziye zaba zinde futhi iyincane.

Ngaphansi kwelayisense inkampani French wadedelwa esiqandisini "Minsk-5." emashalofini akhe angamalangabi esikhiphekayo obandayo ukuphakama, futhi ukhonza njengephayona isinyathelo esikhethekile umnyango ukuvulwa. Le modeli kwaba isisekelo 'Minsk-6 "amafriji ngcono futhi obumbene.

Kodwa amayunithi ethandwa iningi Belarusian steel umkhiqizi namanje ezimbili ekamelweni. Le modeli we "Minsk-15" kanye ukuhlela kabusha zalo ezihlukahlukene. Okokuqala therein njengendlela material ezishisayo nangokuvikela isetjentiswe polyurethane foam.

Ukukhiqizwa "yeqhwa 'zalesi sihlahla

Kusukela 1962 waqala ukunyathelisa amafriji kanye ifektri wavula emzini Smolensk. Kwakumelwe amafriji kokucindezelwa, ivolumu zazo kuze kube Eighties kwekhulu elidlule akazange idlule namashumi amabili amalitha. amayunithi Compact athandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabantu bezwe lethu, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi kukhona ayengashadile-chamber kanye kwadingeka umklamo kahle elula nge esiqinile imigca lecondzile. Amagobolondo seziqa "Smolensk" ezazenziwe umbala plastic, omhlophe noma Milky, kanye nokuphathwa owenziwa esebenza ngemishini.

Kusukela ngo-1964 kuya ku-1999 inkampani Iyakwazi futhi wadedelwa onobuhle nanye endlu Imishini, umthamo isamba ezingafinyelela amayunithi abangaphezu kwezigidi ezinhlanu.

Krasnoyarsk isitshalo impumelelo

Abantu abaningi abadala ajwayelekile Soviet esiqandisini "Biryusa". ukukhululwa walo uye umkhankaso ngo-1963 Lokhu kwenzeka ngemuva ukwamukelwa nguHulumende isinqumo wezwe ukusungula ukukhiqiza amafriji efektri "Krasmash".

Ngemva kokudedelwa wenkampani umthamo amayunithi umnyuziki kwaqala ukuvela emakethe yabathengi inani ayizinkulungwane 150. Per ngonyaka. Kodwa ezidume ngakho e-USSR, ukuthi kwakunesidingo ukwandisa okukhipha yabo. Kakade ngo-1967, lesi sitshalo kwakumelwe amandla, lapho kwenziwe izinkulungwane 350. Amafriji ngonyaka.

In the 70s ekuseni, inkampani umise compressors ukukhululwa, kokuba ngcono izici ukusebenza. Ngo-1982 lesi sitshalo kugujwa ukukhululwa kwe-10 sesigidi iyunithi.

umakhi Muromsky

esiqandisini namaSoviet "Oka" udedelwe izimakethe yezwe namanje ku zamashumi amahlanu ekhulwini elidlule leminyaka. Le mikhiqizo akhiqizwa Murom Machine-Isakhiwo Plant, usebenza kwezinye izindlu usesikhathini.

Imodeli sokuqala ngqá "Oka" ezimbili ekamelweni amafriji uhlangabezana Ubukhulu ejwayelekile. idivayisi okunjalo awunankinga yokwenze umndeni wabantu 4-5. Isitayela yalezi amafriji yayiqine ngokwanele. Leli bhokisi has emakhoneni ebukhali, futhi ukuphakama kwalo ingeqi 150 cm. Ekamelweni esiqandisini Kucatshangwa esikhiphekayo emashalofini hlupha hlobo. Ezansi zafakwa iziqukathi izithelo nemifino. Umthamo isamba imodeli wokuqala kwaba 300 l. Amandla ukusetshenziswa - 50 KW / h phakathi nenyanga.

Defrosting imbala kwaba incwadi echazayo kanye nomsebenzi walo kuhambisana umsindo kunalokho elikhulu.

Aggregates "Absheron"

Umugqa wokuqala kakhulu ukukhiqizwa Bashkir isitshalo zaqala ukwehlela le amafriji nezincane-. umehluko ngokuyinhloko aphakeme zezulu ekilasini. Kule ndaba, isiqandisi "Absheron" kwaba ziphoqa hhayi kuphela eSoviet Union, kodwa futhi emazweni angaphandle. ujabule wakhe ukuthenga emazweni aseLatin America nase-Afrika.

Bashkirsky esiqandisini ezenziwe ngezinto okuhlala. Ngokwesibonelo, i-steel bezinhlamvu sathathwa sibasize ngayo Ukwakheka ekhethekile anti-ezonakalisayo.
Phakathi amaphutha la amamodeli ungabahlukanisa ivolumu encane efrijini, owawungumnyaka ungakhululekile kakhulu Sebawoti.

In the 80s, inkampani waqala ukukhiqizwa kwe jikelele ezimbili ekamelweni onobuhle. ivolumu yabo safinyelela 300 amalitha. amayunithi okunjalo zinezikhathi okusezingeni eliphezulu Ukupholisa umthamo.

Ngokuvamile, inqubo amafriji ukukhululwa eSoviet Union lingachazwa ngokuthi yimpumelelo.